英语口语进阶要点Word文件下载.docx

1、It would be better if we can change the design.3）表示一件事希望你做，但是不强求时，用It would be nice/great 而不是 I need you to xxx, I hope you xxxx, could you?I hope you can come today. You need to come today.Could you come today?It would be nice/great if you can come today. （隐含的意思是still OK if you cant make it.）再举个例子C

2、an you bring some wine to the party?It would be nice/great if you can bring some wine to the party. 4）问别人你要东西/ 信息时，用May I have.? 而不要Could you give me?Whats your name?May I have your name?Could you send me the drawing today?May I have the drawing today?例三 血战钢锯岭里，法官要老Doss把那封信给他，他是说 May I have the lett

3、er ？而不是Could you give me the letter? 例四 问别人有没有时间Could I have a minute/moment of your time?（非常非常礼貌，销售员问法）Do you have a minute/moment?（一般礼貌，同事朋友之间问法）例五 你比如你想独处一下，比如想打个私人电话，要别人回避一下。Could you come out?Could I have a moment（for myself）?5） 问别人是否可以做一件事时，用 Is it possible that.比Could you .更礼貌Could you change

4、 the design?Is it possible for you to change the design?Could you call me tomorrow?Is it possible for you to call tomorrow?6） 请别人帮忙做一件事时，在前面加（by） any chance，意思是如果有时间/有机会，很委婉。By any chance, could you help check the data? 有时间可不可以帮忙看看数据？7） 指责别人时候，用现在进行时比一般现在时要更委婉。你很没耐心/强词夺理/无理取闹You are impatient/argume

5、ntative/unreasonableYou are being impatient/argumentative/unreasonable说前者会得罪很多人，因为你用一个 are 就把别人完全说死了，正常的说法是用being，这样表示某时某刻这个人处于的状态,不表示你把他彻底说死。8） 表达要求时多用进行时。We need to do this as soon as possibleWe need to be doing this as soon as possible.老外普遍用后者用的多。纸牌屋里，Clair的母亲对她的一帮朋友说我们要支持Clair，说的就是We should be s

6、upporting her, 而不是We should support her.以上两种情况中，如果不用进行时，就有表示永久去做这件事的意思，用进行时就可以委婉表示我们会进入这种状况，不是永久的。9） 用would like 代替want吧中国人用 want比较多，但是want稍微带要求的意思，用would like就委婉一点。我想要和你开个会。I want to have a meeting with you.Id like to have a meeting with you.10） 用过去式表示一种委婉语气口语中经常用过去式表示一种委婉语气，比如 I wanted, Ithought,

7、I was thinking, I was wondering, I was hoping 其实说话留下余地，因为这是表示过去的状态，没有说明现在的状况，从而形成一种委婉。很多人误以为thought就是以为”用来表示过去的错误想法，其实不是，只是表示过去的状况，不一定是和现在相反。thought一样可以理解成 “认为”.11） 慎用pleaseplease有时候稍微带一点要求命令的语气，特别是在给客户或者老板写邮件请求某件事，把please替换成疑问句。Please reply to me by today.Could you reply to me by today?而以下情况下用pleas

8、e就没问题，因为有let mePlease let me know your feedback.12） 用let, allow更礼貌Please tell me your feedback.I want to make a proposalPlease allow me to make a proposal.13）不要不分场合乱用screw, suck 这些非正式用语。我专门写过一篇文章讨论，吐槽鲁豫在节目中用screw up这个词If you screw this up, you will not have a second chance.14） 由于客观上导致做不到，not able to

9、 代替 cannot Sorry I cant come to the party today since Ill need to work very late.Sorry Im not able to come to the party today since I15） 给need 加将来时，更加委婉。You need to buy a new machine if this one doesnt workYoull need to buy a new machine if this one doesnt work.16） 美国人特别喜欢用I guess代替I think表达委婉的语气。I

10、think well leave now.I guess weI think we can do better.I guess we can do better.17） 用Im good代替no中国习惯yes or no式的思维。但是有些场合回答no未免有点唐突，美国人一般用Im good来婉拒（帮助或者好意），等于说Im feeling good/Im satisfied and dont need anything. Would you care for some coffee? Im good. Thank you.18） 指责别人用You are better than that.指出

11、别人错误的时候，一般不说you are wrong/careless/weak, 一般说you are better than that，这是非常常见而且礼貌的说法。19） 某些负面情况下用have difficulty 代替 cant，委婉把责任推向自己这边I cant trust you.I have difficulty trusting you.I dont understand your question.I have difficulty understanding your question.20） 委婉命令别人做某事，用it might be a good idea比 plea

12、se 要礼貌萨利机长里空姐要求乘客把安全带系上，说的是It might be a good idea to fasten your seat belt.21）给别人讲题的时候不要说Do you understand?，要问Does this make sense?。上课的时候不要说Which part dont you understand?，可以说Where did I lose you?22）到非英語国家問別人能否說英文常見錯誤句式 Can you speak English?在別人聽起來像是 “你就不能說英文嗎？” 而不是 “你懂不懂說英文” ？正確的用法是：Do you speak E

13、nglish?23）对方告诉你一件事情，你想回答“我知道”的时候，不要说I know. 要说I see多使用redress修饰语，通过modification, additions 减弱表达的程度。在现实生活中,有以下几种情况需要bald expression1 cases of great urgency and desperations 在异常紧急的情况下Help!Just give me a more week !Watch out!2attention-getters used in conversations 在演讲过程中，演讲者尝试引起观众的注意Listen, Ive got an

14、 idea that.Look, the point is this 3imperatives 祈使语气Give money（beggars in india）Excuse me Accept my thanks Forgive me 又如表达恳求：Entreaty dont forget us! Send me a postcard!这里同时需要注意的是：紧急情景中的表达也需要do, please 修饰sometimes urgency is expressed with positivenegative politeness hedgeDo:Do go first.Please:Pleas

15、e, come in .4 task-oriented 为完成具体任务合作服务的对话Give me another 1000.Lend me a hand here.5 teasing and joking常见在熟人之间开玩笑，使用不会有冒犯别人的风险Without the risk of offending6 speaker conveys that he does care about addressee , sympathetic advice or warnings说话者关心听者而说的话，同理心驱使下给出的建议与警告Careful! He is a dangerous man.7 We

16、lcome, greet and farewells;Take care of yourself./Be good./Have fun. 8 主动提供.OffersHave some more cakes.Dont bother. Ill clean it up.9 表达自己不介意，减少对方顾虑 Dont worry about me（Feel free to get on with your business and dont worry about offending me ）日常生活大部分时间里，面对工作上的同事，伙伴，有接触不熟悉的人，我们都需要用redress ,表示我们在意对方的感

17、受，利益，需求： 1 Joke and tease:例如面对对方无意的 faux pas 失礼“We ate too many beans tonight, didnt we?”“God youre too farty tonight.”这时候你可以通过joking 玩笑表示你注意到了但不会在意2借助反意疑问句，把听者带入你说话的情境中，Use tag question, drag addressee as a participate into the conversation You know? See what I meanIsnt it?3 通过夸张，体现你对你们所谈论事物话题的兴趣，与

18、对方交谈的兴趣exaggerate （interest, approval, sympathy）e.g.What a Fantastic garden you have How absolutely（marvelous , extraordinary, incredible, devastating）4 使用群体内部的称呼，表明你和对方立场一致use in-group identity makere.g.Help me with this bag here, honey/buddy/mate5通过token agreement （虚假同意，出于礼貌意义上）, 巧妙的纠正对方的话，提出反对避免与

19、对方观点对立，引起不愉快或争执“Yes, but”-So is this permanent?-Yeah, its permanent-permanent until I get married again.-Thats where you live,Florida.s where I was born.6 含糊表达自己的观点，除非你很清楚对方的立场与态度（详见第3点）Hedge this extreme, make opinion safely vague, unless speaker know addressees option on the subject“I really sort

20、of think/hope/wonder”“Really beautiful, in a way”“I Kind of want”Soften suggestion/criticizing/complaining弱化建议批评抱怨的表达强度“You really should sort of try harder.”-Whats the matter?-Well, my husband sort of, never does anything, you know7 少用“I ”和“you”多用we 来表达“我“或“你“Merge I and you into a inclusive “we”“O

21、k now, lets stop the chatter and get in with our little essay.“-Give us a break.（I want a break.）-Lets stop for a bite. （I want a bite ,lets stop.）I 用复数“we”代替, the nature of corporation sole or the jural accomplishments of high office.（在商业中）“we”的表达集中了几方力量的共同声音想法，例如：We cannot accept responsibility./t

22、race your cheque.We feel regret to inform you.We feel obliged to warn you that需要注意“you”在英语表达打招呼或引起注意（hail/attention-getter）中的rudeness，Excuse me, sir/miss/you.Hey, mate/mister/you.Replace I and you by indefinite （guys/one/you alls/some one）You shouldnt do things like that- one shouldnt do things like

23、 that.Ok, folks/you guys/ guys, lets get on with it.8 巧用here/this proximal demonstratives 以及 there/that dismal demonstratives 8.1如果想要拉近距离：切换叙述角度，站在对方角度上进行叙述Point- of -view operations ：Taking the role of the other point of view in usage of come,多使用come 而不是go“Do you want to go/come with me to the movi

24、es”Go: distance and less participation Come: participation and cooperations多使用thishere （to increase involvement and empathy）This is a lovely party.This/here is a man I could trust.8.2 point-of-view distancing:某些场合需要改变时态等表达拉远对话双方的距离。Tense:Manipulate the expression of tense to provide distancing in ti

25、me.“I have been/was wondering wether you could do me a little favor.“其中现在完成时have been 相比 was 过去式制造了更少的距离感但在需要距离感的情景下会显得不合适。有时需借助unstressed auxiliary “did”I did wonder whether you mightPlace：use distal markers （that, there）convey social emotionsAnger: get that cat out of house.Distance: that pub is a

26、 den of iniquity.（Said when passing by.）9 （视情况）在请求前先致歉Admit the impingement:“Im sure you must be very busy, but.”“I know this is a bore.but.”“I would like to ask you a big favor.”“I hope this isnt going to bother you too much.”Beg forgiveness:“Excuse me, but”“Im sorry to bother you”“I beg your indul

27、gence”Indicate reluctance:“I normally wouldnt ask you this, but”“I dont want to bother/interrupt you, but”“I hesitate to trouble you, but.”10 在表达请求时,多用if you dont mind, if I may ask you, if youll forget my asking.11 巧用It - Impersonalize speaker and addressee, 使用passive and circumstantial voices 说话者不想让听者感觉到被提出的建议、要求压迫，于是找一个中介agent，比如最常见“it”, 或者是包括说话者本身的一个对象，以及话听起来像是说给其他人听的，或只是不仅仅是addressee。Avoiding pronouns “I” and