职称英语等级考试用书理工类word版整理完成后可做参考Word文档格式.docx

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6、entional+14. outrageous. Unacceptable 15. Scared frightened +1 Hailed acclaimed 2. principal organizers planners +3. Postulated assumed+4. Extinction dying out +5. abrupt stop sudden +6. allocated distributed*7. mighty very strong *8. Authentically genuinely +9. eligible entitled10. asserted stated

7、firmly 11. permitted allowed 12. proposed suggested 13. Regret sorry 14. relied on depended on 15. Emoved ）took off 1. an improved a better 2. breaks beats 3. provoked elicited *4. Gangsters violent criminals 5. framework skeleton *6. hazard to danger *7. lure attraction *8. densely. compactly 9. fa

8、scinated intrigued +10. Probed explored 11. settle solve +12. trembled shook13. shocked surprised +14. abide by stick to +15. Widens broadens +1. shabby unfair 2. uneasy. anxious 3. demolished. pulled down 4. Adverse unfavorable5. concise short and clear 6. courteous respectful 7. Invaluable extreme

9、ly useful8. insane crazy 9. Exhaustive extremely thorough +10. ingenious. Clever +11 eligible qualified +12. Vigorous healthy 13. abided by adhered to 14. without bias.fairly 15. terminated. put an end to第一篇 Inventor of LEDWhen Nick Holonyak set out to create a new kind of visible lighting using sem

10、iconductor alloys, his colleagues thought he was unrealistic. Today, his discovery of light-emitting diodes, or1 LEDs, are used in everything from DVDs to alarm clocks to airports. Dozens of his students have continued his work, developing lighting used in traffic lights and other everyday technolog

11、y. On April 23, 2004, Holonyak received the $500,000 Lemelson-MIT Prize at a ceremony in Washington. This marks the 10th year that the Lemelson-MIT Program at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology （MIT） has given the award to prominent inventors. “Any time you get an award, big or little2, its a

12、lways a surprise.” Holonyak said. Holonyak, 75, was a student of John Bardeen, an inventor of the transistor, in the early 1950s. After graduate school3, Holonyak worked at Bell Labs. He later went to General Electric4, where he invented a switch now widely used in house dimmer switches5. Later, Hol

13、onyak started looking into how semiconductors could be used to generate light. But while his colleagues were looking at how to generate invisible light, he wanted to generate visible light. The LEDs he invented in 1962 now last about 10 times longer than incandescent bulbs, and are more environmenta

14、lly friendly and cost effective. Holonyak, now a professor of electrical and computer engineering and physics at the University of Illinois, said he suspected that LEDs would become as commonplace as they are today, but didnt realize how many uses they would have. “You dont know in the beginning. Yo

15、u think youre doing something important, you think its worth doing, but you really cant tell what the big payoff is going to be, and when, and how. You just dont know.” he said. The Lemelson-MIT Program also recognized Edith Flanigen, 75, with the $100,000 Lemelson-MIT Lifetime Achievement Award for

16、 her work on a new generation of “molecular sieves,” that can separate molecules by size. 词汇： semiconductor / 第一篇 LED的发明者当Nick Holonyak着手用半导体含金创造一种新的可视照明设备的时候，同事们都认为他不现实。今天，他发现的发光二极管，或叫LED，使用范围覆盖从DVD到机场警钟的一切东西。他的许多学生继续着他的工作，发明了交通灯中使用的照明设备和其他的日用技术。2004年4月23号，Holoyak在华盛顿的一次典礼上被授予Lemelson-MIT项目的50万美元的奖

17、金。这是麻省理工的Lemelson-MIT项目第十年颁奖给杰出的发明人。“任何时候你得了奖，不论是大是小，总是一分惊喜。”Holonyad说。Holonyak，75岁，是20世纪50年代初期晶体管的发明者JohnBardeen的学生。从研究生院毕业之后，Holonyak在Bell实验室工作。之后去了通用电器公司，在那里他发明了一种开关，现在家用减光开关中普遍使用。后来，Holonyak开始研究如何应用半导体发电。当他的同事们正在研究如何发出看不见的光时，他却想要看得见的光。1962年他发明的LED，现在的使用寿命可以比白炽灯泡长十倍，而且更环保、更经济。Holonyak现在是伊利诺斯大学电子、

18、计算机工程和物理专业的教授，他说他预料到LED的使用有可能像今天这样普遍，但没有意识到它会有多少用途。“开始的时候你并不知道，你认为你在做一件很重要的事情，你认为它值得做，但是你不能说出要付出多大的代价，什么时候付出，怎样付出。你并不知道。”他说。Lemelson-MIT项目同样授予75岁的EdithFlanigen10万美元的终身成就奖，她的成就是创造新一代的“分子筛”，也就是可以通过大小来分离分子。第二篇 El Nino While some forecasting methods had limited success predicting the 1997 El Nino a few

19、months in advance1, the Columbia University researchers say their method can predict large El Nino events up to two years in advance. That would be good news for governments, farmers and others seeking to plan for the droughts and heavy rainfall that El Nino can produce in various parts of the world

20、. Using a computer, the researchers matched sea-surface temperatures to later El Nino occurrences between 1980 and 2000 and were then able to anticipate El Nino events dating back to 1857, using prior sea-surface temperatures. The results were reported in the latest issue of the journal Nature. The

21、researchers say their method is not perfect, but Bryan C. Weare, a meteorologist at the University of California. Davis, who was not involved in the work, said it “suggests2 El Nino is indeed predictable.” “This will probably convince others to search around more for even better methods,” said Weare

22、. He added that the new method “makes it possible to predict El Nino at long lead times3.” Other models also use sea-surface temperatures, but they have not looked as far back because they need other data, which is only available for recent decades, Weare said. The ability to predict the warming and

23、 cooling of the Pacific is of immense importance4. The 1997 El Nino, for example, caused an estimated $20 billion in damage worldwide, offset by beneficial effects in other areas, said David Anderson, of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts in Reading, England. The 1877 El Nino, me

24、anwhile, coincided with a failure of the Indian monsoon and a famine that killed perhaps 40 million in India and China, prompting the development of seasonal forecasting, Anderson said. When El Nino hit in 1991 and 1997, 200 million people were affected by flooding in China alone, according to a 200

25、2 United Nations report. While predicting smaller El Nino events remains tricky, the ability to predict larger ones should be increased to at least a year if the new method is confirmed. El Nino tends to develop between April and June and reaches its peak between December and February. The warming t

26、ends to last between 9 and 12 months and occurs every two to seven years. The new forecasting method does not predict any major El Nino events in the next two years, although a weak warming toward the end of this year is possible. 第二篇 厄尔尼诺当某些预报方法不能提前几个月成功预测1997年厄尔尼诺现象的时候，哥伦比亚大学的研究人员说他们的方法可以提前两年预测厄尔尼

27、诺现象。这对全世界各地的政府、农民和其他寻求为厄尔尼诺带来的干旱和大雨做准备的人来说是一条好消息。研究人员使用计算机把1980年初2000年之间的海面温度和后来的厄尔尼诺的发生联系起来，进而能够用之前的海面温度预测远至1857年的厄尔尼诺现象。研究结果刊登在昀新的自然杂志上。研究人员说他们的方法并不完美，但加利福尼亚大学的气象学家BryanC.Weare说这种方法显示出厄尔尼诺是可以预测的，尽管他们已并没有参加研究工作。Weare说:“这会促使其他人去寻找里好的办法。”他还补充说，新的方法“使在提前很长的一段时间里预测厄尔尼诺现象成为可能。”其他的方法也使用海面温度，但他们没能回顾得那么久远是

28、因为缺少其他的资料，而这些资料在近几十年才能够获得。预测太平洋的升温和降温有极其重要的意义。英国Reading的欧洲中级天气预报中心的DavidAnderson说:以1997年的厄尔尼诺为例，它导致了全球范围内约200亿美元的损失，抵消了在其他一些地区的良性影响；1877年的厄尔尼诺与印度遭受的季风和饥荒同时发生，导致了印度和中国约四千万人丧生，结果剌激了季节性预报的发展。根据2002年的联合国报道，1991年初和1997年厄尔尼诺爆发的时候，仅中国就有2亿人受到洪水的侵害。然而小的厄尔尼诺预测还是难以捉摸的，如果新的方法被认可的话，对大型厄尔尼诺现象的预测至少应该被提前一年。厄尔尼诺总是在4

29、月和6月期间发展，在12月初2月之间达到高峰。气候总是在9月初12月之间变暖，并且每2年到7年出现一次。尽管气温在年底的时候有可能微弱上升，新的预测方法预计未来两年不会出现大的厄尔尼诺现象。第三篇 Smoking Since 1939, numerous studies have been conducted to determine whether smoking is a health hazard. The trend of the evidence has been consistent and indicates that there is a serious health risk. Research teams have conducted studies that show beyond all reasonable doubt that tobacco smoking is associated with a shortened life expectancy1. Cigarette smoking is believed by most research workers in this field to be an important factor in the de