第二讲代词小升初专项讲义及练习Word格式文档下载.docx

1、- Only one left. Would you like to have _?A. it B. one C. this D. that8. Which book would you like to borrow?- _ of the two books is OK with me. B. Both C. Any D. None9.He knows _ English _ French. But hes very good at Japanese.A. either； or B. both； and C. neither； nor D. either；nor10. What do your

2、 parents do?- One is a teacher； _ is a driver. B. another C. the other D. that one代词是代替名词的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词，按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词等。1. 人称代词、物主代词和反身代词。1）人称代词表示“我，你，他，她，它，你们，他们”的词叫做人称代词。人称代词分主格和宾格两类，有单、复数之分。 人称代词的形式如下表：人称第一人称第二人称第三人称单数复数人称代词主格Iweyouhesheitthey宾格

3、meushimherthem两个以上的人称代词并用时，从礼貌上讲通常按下列排序：单数代词：you he, she I如：you and I; you and he; he and I; you, he and I.复数：we you theywe and they; we and you; you and they; we, you and they.第三人称男女两性并用时，男先女后：he and she承认过失，表示不吉祥的事，或不好的意思时，单数按1、3、2人称排列，复数按3、2、1人称排列。I, he and you will be scolded for being late.They

4、, you and we should leave her at once.It was I and Tom that broke the window.如果和比自己身份低的人或动物并排时，说成：I and my children, I and cat等。人称代词排序巧记口诀单数2、3、1，复数1、2、3，都是三人称，女后男在先。若是有过失，主动要承担。单数1、3、2，复数3、2、1，小辈与动物，我须放在前，人称排列好，夸你懂语言。2）物主代词表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词有形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。形容词性物主代词用在名词前，不能单独使用。名词性物主代词相当于一个名词，使用时

5、后面不能再加名词。This is my schoolbag. That is his bike=That is his.物主代词的形式如下： 人称物主代词形容词性myouryourhisItstheir名词性mineoursyoursherstheirs3）反身代词表示“我（们）自己”、“你（们）自己”、“他/她/它（们）自己”的代词称为反身代词。在句中作宾语、同位语、表语等。Im not myself today. 我今天不大舒服。（作表语） I myself made a mistake. 我犯了一个错误。（作I 同位语）反身代词的形式如下：反身代词myselfourselvesyours

6、elfyourselveshimselfherselfitselfthemselves巧记口诀反身代词构成并不难，单数词尾-self记心间。第三人称宾格加在前，其余物主开头用在先。复数形式如何变，f要用ves来替换。说明：1. 反身代词单数词尾都有-self，复数词尾都有-selves。2. 第三人称都由人称代词宾格+self或selves构成。第一、二人称反身代词都是形容词性物主代词+self或selves构成。热身练习根据句意，用括号中代词的适当形式填空。1. -Is this watch? （she） -No, it isnt . （she）2. Its easy work. We ca

7、n do it all by . （we）3. Neither of is a driver. （they）4. A friend of will come to see . （I）5. There are much more trees in our school than in . （they）2. 指示代词、疑问代词和关系代词。1）指示代词是表示“那个”、“这个”、“这些”、“那些”等指示概念的代词。指示代词有this，that，these，those等。在句中可以作主语、宾语、主语补语、介词宾语等。This is the way to do it. 这事儿就该这样做。（作主语）I li

8、ke this better than that. 比起那个我更喜欢这个。（作宾语）My point is this. 我的观点就是如此。（作主语补语）There is no fear of that. 那并不可怕。（作介词宾语）指示代词例句thisThis girl is Mary.thatThat is Mary.theseThese men are my teachers.thoseThose are my teachers.2）疑问代词有 whowhom 谁（指人）；whose谁的；which哪一个，哪一些；what什么。在句子中用来构成特殊疑问句。Whos that?3）关系代词 w

9、ho, whom, whose, that, which用来引导定语从句。The money thatwhich is on the table is mine. 桌上的钱是我的。关系代词用来引导定语从句，它的作用如下表：作用代表定语从句所修饰的那个名词或代词This is the man who gave me the book. 这就是给我书的那个人。在从句中充当一个成分The money thatwhich my mother gave me is on the table. 我妈妈给我的钱在桌上。根据对话内容，用适当的代词填空。1. - is one the wall of your

10、classroom? -There is a map of China.2. - are you waiting for here? -Our friends.3. -Excuse me, is the way to the station? - Sorry, I dont know.4. Could you tell me dress is better, the red one or the white one?5. -Do you know dictionary it is? -I think its Lilys.6. - is on duty today? -I am.7. - do

11、you like about America? -The people and the food.8. - handwriting is the best in Class One? -Li Leis.9. - is her aunt? -She is a nurse.10. - do you prefer, tea or milk? -I prefer tea.3. 不定代词。不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词。常用不定代词有：some, any, all, none, both, either, neither, each, every, other, another, mu

12、ch, many, few, little, one等。1. one/another/the otherone the other 只有两个some the others 有三个以上one another，another some others，othersothers = other people/thingsthe others = the rest剩余的全部1） 泛指另一个用another。2） 一定范围内两人（物），一个用one，另一个用the other。3） 一定范围内三者，一个用one，另一个用one （another），第三个可用the other，a third。4） 一定范

13、围内，除去一部分人/物，剩余的全部用the others。5） 泛指别的人或物时，用others，当在一定范围内，除去一部分后，剩余部分但不是全部时，也用others。2. both, either, neither, all, any, none使用范围单词中文释义两个人或物both两者都Both of the boys are clever. 两个男孩都很聪明。either两者中任何一个Either of the two boys is clever. neither两者都不Neither of the two boys is clever.两个男孩都不聪明。三者以上all所有的，全部Al

14、l the flowers are gone.所有的花都谢了。any任何一个I dont like any of the flowers.这些花我都不喜欢。none都不I like none of the flowers.注意：（1） both与复数连用，either与单数连用。 （2） all与none用法一样。跟单数名词，用单数动词；跟复数名词，用复数动词。All of the students are there.所有的学生都在那里。All （of） the milk is there. 所有的牛奶都在那里。选用括号中正确的词填空。1. of the girls in Class Fou

15、r are playing games. （Both, All）2. There are lots of English books here, and of them is interesting. （all, each）3. -When shall we go shopping next week, Friday or Saturday? - day is OK. （Both, Either）4. We dont want this football. Give us .（other, another）5. They study Chinese, maths, English and su

16、bjects. （the other, other）3. some, any1）some 一些，可与复数名词及不可数名词连用。 （1）在肯定句中用some。 （2）some用于其他句式中: a. 肯定疑问句中：说话人认为对方的答案会是肯定的，或期望得到肯定回答时。 Would you like句式中，表委婉请求或建议。Would you like some coffee? b. 在条件状语从句中表示确定的意义时， If you need some help, let me know. c. some位于主语部分。 Some students havent been there before.

17、d. 当否定的是整体中的部分时，some可用于否定句。 I havent heard from some of my old friends these years.这些年我没有收到一些老朋友的信。2）any 一些 any 多用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中。当句中含有“任何”的意思时，any可用于肯定句。Here are three novels. You may read any.这有三本小说，你可任读一本。4. few, little, a few, a little可数名词不可数名词含义fewlittle否定含义，还有一点a fewa little肯定含义，没有多少了 例如： He

18、has a few friends. 他有几个朋友。 He has few friends. 他几乎没有朋友。 We still have a little time. 我们还有点时间。 There is little time left. 几乎没剩下什么时间了。5. Many，much单词“许多”区别many+可数名词How many people are there at the meeting?much+不可数名词How much time has we left?固定搭配:only a few （=few） not a few （=many） quite a few （=many） m

19、any a （=many） many books were sold. 卖出了许多书。many a book was sold. 卖出了许多书。many，much前可有so, too, how等词进行修饰。There are too many mistakes in your diary. So many people are waiting for the bus. Sorry, Im afraid I cant go with you. Ive got too much work to do.选择括号中适当的词填空。1. I have many pears. I can give you

20、. （any, some）2. Is there meat in the fridge? （any, some）3. If you have questions, please ask me. （any, some）4. He has friends. He always stays at home. （few, a few）5. He hasnt money now. （many, much）6. 复合不定代词1）复合不定代词由some, any, no, every加上-body, -thing, -one构成。somebody某人 anybody任何人 nobody没人 everybod

21、y每人 someone某人 anyone任何人 no one没人 everyone每人 something某物 anything任何事物 。 nothing没东西 everything每件事2）复合不定代词的用法这些复合不定代词只具有名词性质，用作单数，在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语。带some的一般用于肯定句，而带any的一般用于否定句和疑问句；它们的用法同some, any的用法类似。带body与带one的复合代词，其词义相同，只是带body的较口语化。Everything begins to grow in spring. 春天万物开始生长了。 Something is wrong wit

22、h my watch. 我的手表坏了。 I cant see anything. 我什么也没看见。3）复合不定代词的特殊用法（1）用在表示“请求”、“建议”或希望得到对方肯定答复的疑问句中。Would you like something to drink? 你想喝点什么吗？（2）复合不定代词被定语所修饰时，定语必须放在它的后面。There is something wrong with the radio. 收音机出了毛病。4）对比不定代词anyone/any one；no one/none；every/each的用法（1）anyone和any one anyone仅指人，any one既可

23、指人，也可指物。（2）no one和none a） none 后跟of短语，既可指人又可指物，而no one只能单独使用，只指人。b） none 作主语，谓语动词用单、复数均可，而no one作主语谓语动词只能是单数。None of you could lift it. 你们中没有人可举起它。 - Did any one call me up just now?-刚才有人打电话给我吗? - No one. -没有。（3）every 和each every 强调全体的概念，each强调个体概念。Every student in our school works hard.我们学校的学生都很用功。

24、 Each student may have one book.每个学生都可有一本书。every 指三个以上的人或物（含三个），each指两个以上的人或物 （含两个）。every 只作形容词，不可单独使用。each可作代词或形容词。Every student has to take one.（4）anyone, anything, any one, anybody用在肯定句中，起强调作用，表示“无论什么事物（人）”、“任何事物（人）”。Anybody will tell you the way. 无论谁都会告诉你路线。1. He is not busy. He has to do. （some

25、thing, nothing）2. There is wrong with my bike, so I have to walk home. （something, anything）3. -What about these two films? - of them is interesting. （No one, None）4. The work is very easy, so can do it well. （everyone, anyone）5. Listen! is singing in the next room. （someone, anyone）拓展训练一、单项选择。1. ba

26、g is in the desk.A. Mine B. My C. He D. Hers2. The black shoes are .A. my B. your C. his D. her3. They can teach English.A. them B. their C. they D. themselves4. They have to do work.A. many B. much C. none D. lot of5. He knows about the lessons, so he says nothing.A. a few B. few C. little D. a little