临沂市中考英语复习语法考点精讲+真题精炼阅读理解Word下载.docx

1、阅读短文时要在把握主旨和作者意图的基础上，捕捉与题干相关的内容要点。在对每一道题进行判断时，通过寻读法在原文中找出与每个问题相关的段落与词句，并进行认真比较分析，从中找到依据，不能凭印象想当然，胡乱猜测。只有完全符合文章意思的句子方可判定为正确，那些基本意思相符，却仍有某一点不符的应判定为错误。判断每个句子的正误时绝不可先看一道题目，就将短文搜索一遍寻找答案，这样不仅费时，而且由于缺乏对文章意思的全面了解，判断时往往有很大的盲目性。有些题要从西方语言文化背景和习俗入手。在阅读理解中，判断句子的正误要先读懂短文，理解短文的大意和脉络，然后依据短文内容对给出的句子进行是非判断。这类题目的一般解题思

2、路是： 阅读原文、捕捉信息、理解大意。先通读原文，捕捉文中所提供的信息，抓住文章主旨，理解短文的大意，理清全文脉络。审读题目、找出相关判断依据。读懂短文内容后再审读题目，把握每个待判定句子的含义，通过寻读法在原文中找出与每个问题相关的段落与词句，然后依据短文内容对所给出的句子进行是非判断。重读短文、逐题复检、核查无误。完成正误判断后必须将短文重读一遍，加深对短文的理解，在此基础上再对每一道题进行复查，对有些似是而非的句子，一定要重新认真识别。例如：（2019山东临沂中考阅读理解A篇）New Years ResolutionsXu Hui，13，from ShanghaiIn 2019，I re

3、ally wish that I could make friends with some boys in my class. I have many friends，but they are all girls. It will be quite cool and interesting to talk with boys and play games with them. Also，my math and physics scores are not very good. I want to improve them. Zhao Yujie，14，from JiangsuMy bigges

4、t resolution is to volunteer more. I want to help homeless children and old people. I think its important for us to spread laughter and warmth to others. So Im willing to do this and hope everyone around me will be happy. Li Langjing，14，from FujianIn the new year，I want to take more trips with my fr

5、iends. Especially，I hope I can go to Xinjiang and Taiwan. I really want to climb the beautiful Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang and taste delicious snacks in Taiwan. Ma Yue，15，from BeijingMy new years wish is to get a ticket to a Scorpions （蝎子乐队） concert. They are a German rock band. I love their meta

6、l music. They will have a concert in February. I dont want to miss it. Li Yunxiao，15，from ZhejiangI hope that my family and I will have good health. Thats the most important thing I think. As its my last year in junior high school，Id like to cherish （珍惜） every moment with my classmates. We may be un

7、der great pressure. But I want to make sweet memories. Whats more，I want to grow taller!根据短文内容，判断下列句子正误。正确的用“A”表示，不正确的用“B”表示。1. Xu Hui has few friends and she wishes to make friends with some boys in her class. 2. Zhao Yujie thinks its important for them to spread laughter and warmth to others. 3. L

8、i Langjing wants to climb mountains in Xinjiang and Taiwan. 4. A rock band will have a concert in February，and Ma Yue wants to get a ticket to it. 5. Li Yunxiao hopes that his family will have good health and he wants to grow taller. 短文大意：本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了来自全国各地的五位同学的新年计划。1. B细节理解题。由Xu Hui这段的“I have ma

9、ny friends，but they are all girls. ”可知她有很多朋友，故此句是错误的。2. A细节理解题。由Zhao Yujie这段的“I think its important for us to spread laughter and warmth to others. ”可知此句是正确的。3. B细节理解题。由Li Langjing这段的“I really want to climb the beautiful Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang and taste delicious snacks in Taiwan. ”可知此句是错误的。

10、4. A细节理解题。由Ma Yue这段的“My new years wish is to get a ticket to a Scorpions concert. They are a German rock band. I love their metal music. They will have a concert in February. ”可知此句是正确的。5. A细节理解题。由Li Yunxiao这段的第一句“I hope that my family and I will have good health. ”和最后一句“Whats more，I want to grow tal

11、ler! ”可知此句是正确的。【题型二】选择最佳答案回答问题中考英语阅读理解要求考生对原文从词汇、句子到篇章均有准确的理解，其热点题型主要有细节理解题、推理判断题、词义猜测题、代词指代题、归纳综合题和标题判断题等。下面谈谈这些常规选择型阅读理解题的解题方法。1. 直接查找法细节判断题是中考英语阅读理解的主要题型，它要求考生对原文事实和细节有准确的认识和判断。一般情况下细节判断题的解题依据均可在原文中找到，因此考生应认真阅读题干内容，弄清题干的实际需要，并带着这一需要回读原文，查找所需信息。找到相关信息时应划出原文中的相关词句，并将其与题干内容结合起来思考一下，看看在内容上是否吻合，是否有完整的

12、逻辑联系，防止寻找答案时在内容上错位，或读题审题时有疏忽之处。山东临沂中考阅读理解B篇）Some doctors think that fat is changed into heat and given off in the air. Others think the body burns it. Some even joke that someone comes and takes it. Thats why you always weigh less in the morning. Now a new study from Australia solves the mystery. “T

13、he correct answer is that most of the fat is breathed out as CO2. It goes into thin air，” says the study. 题目：Where is the new study from?A. Japan. B. Australia. C. Canada. D. America. 分析：根据文章中的“a new study from Australia solves the mystery”可知来自澳大利亚，故选B。2. 逻辑推断法不少试题所需信息原文并不直接提供，考生应认真阅读分析题干内容，了解试题所问信息

14、的角度，并带上读题认识回到原文查找答题所需信息，然后在把握文章主旨大意、作者意图、写作目的和主人公情感的基础上将这一信息进行概念转换、思维迁移和逻辑推理，从而准确推断出试题答案。Country music uses simple music and words to express everyday feelings such as loneliness，love，and sadness. That is to say，country music describes life. It talks about friends and enemies，trucks and roads，farms

15、and crops. People in many parts of the world like country music，because everyone can understand what the music is about. According to the passage，people like American country music because. A. it has a long history B. it comes from EuropeC. it is sung by cowboys D. it is easy to understand题干意为：按照短文内

16、容，人们喜欢美国乡村音乐是因为。A. it has a long history它历史悠久；B. it comes from Europe它来自欧洲；C. it is sung by cowboys它是牛仔唱的；D. it is easy to understand它易于理解。根据本段的末尾“People in many parts of the world like country music，because everyone can understand what the music is about. ”可知，美国乡村音乐深受喜爱的原因是它易于理解，选项D与原文相符，故选D。3. 概括归

17、纳法 不少试题考查考生对文章、段落和部分内容大意的理解，考生应认真阅读分析题干内容，弄清需要归纳大意的范围。如果是文章大意判断题，考生应认真阅读原文，弄清作者要介绍什么，是如何介绍的，从而准确理解原文主旨大意。特别需要注意的是，考生应认真阅读分析原文首句和末句，因为它们有可能是主题句，即文章主旨大意所在；如果是段落大意和部分内容大意判断题，考生应认真思考并细致分析该部分内容在全文中处于什么阶段，在这一阶段作者想说什么，是如何说的，从而准确理解其主旨大意。When two countries disagree，they often fight a war. Why is using violen

18、ce not okay at home，at school，or in your country but okay between countries? So many people have been killed because of wars，not only soldiers but ordinary people，even small children and babies. And refugees（难民） exist，too. Joshua hates wars between countries because. A. he is afraid of warsB. he doe

19、snt understand adultsC. wars create deaths and refugeesD. wars are not the only way to make peace认真阅读原文可知，该段主要介绍作者憎恨国与国之间发生战争的原因，国与国之间的战争造成了死亡和难民，由此不难得出答案为C。4. 标题判断法众所周知，标题应该体现全文的精神实质，因此必须具有高度的概括性；标题又不能过分概括泛化而失去对文章的指向性，因此必须具备一定的针对性；标题还应吸引读者的目光，打动读者，因此必须具备一定的醒目性。这就是标题判断的三个原则，利用这三个原则可以准确快速确定文章的标题。The

20、Sydney Opera House is a very famous building in the world. It has become Sydneys best-known landmark and international symbol. The Opera House with a “sailing roof” was designed by a famous Danish architect，Utzon. The base for the building was started in 1959，years before the designs were finished.

21、Utzon spent four years designing the Opera House. In 1967，they started the decoration inside. It took 14 years in total to build the Opera House. The Sydney Opera House cost around 100 million and was paid for by the public. 6，225 square meters of glass was used to build it. The Opera House includes

22、 1，000 rooms. It is 185 meters long and 120 meters wide. The buildings roof sections weigh about 15 tons. Each year，this fantastic building attracts 200，000 tourists to come for a visit or enjoy events in it. The Opera House reaches out into the harbour. It is amazing and unforgettable，offering peop

23、le a strong sense of beauty. Which is the best title for the passage?A. Sailing Roof B. Travelling in SydneyC. The Sydney Opera House D. The Opening of the Opera House通读全文，从整体上理解文章的主旨大意，短文第一段介绍了悉尼歌剧院的建造历史，第二段介绍了悉尼歌剧院的耗资、空间大小等，最后一段介绍了悉尼歌剧院的外部环境，选项C最能体现文章的主旨大意，其他选项均是以偏概全。5. 语境推断法中考英语阅读理解还非常注重对难句的理解，这些

24、难句往往运用典故、引用、比喻等手段来表达主人公或作者的特殊观点或情感，语言委婉含蓄，解题时应借助邻近语境对其进行的解释说明推断其含义。Well，just do in Rome as the Romans do. You can ask the native people to help you or just watch carefully and follow them. “Do in Rome as the Romans do” means“”. A. Do as the native people do B. Do as you do at homeC. Ask the native p

25、eople to do it D. Watch the native people doing it认真阅读分析该句及后一句内容可知，后一句是对该句的解释说明，由此不难推断出该句含义为：像当地人做的那样去做（入乡随俗）。答案为A。6. 背景信息法 不少阅读理解题考查考生对生词的理解，考生应认真阅读分析生词所在句及邻近句的背景信息，利用定义解释、转折、对比、条件、递进、并列、让步、因果等逻辑关系，结合构词法知识和生活常识综合推断生词含义。We telephoned the emergency service，and in no time an ambulance stopped in front

26、 of our gate. We helped the medical workers carry Sam to the vehicle. What does “vehicle” in the passage refer to?A. Car. B. Ambulance. C. Taxi. D. Bus. 认真阅读分析该词所在句及前一句可知，前一句是该词所在句的背景信息，由此可以推断出该词指代前一句中的ambulance，因此答案为B。7. 人称变换法 这种方法主要是分析人称变换的来龙去脉，解决“代词指代题”。中考英语阅读理解题非常注重对人称代词和指示代词指代意义的考查，其题眼主要出现在人称转换

27、频、动作变换多的语境中。解题时应认真阅读分析特定代词所在句及前后邻近句，分析人称转换和动作变换的全部过程，步步为营、环环相扣地弄清其来龙去脉，从而准确找到其替代对象。Thousands of people have been killed at war. And it brings much trouble to the world. The word “it” means in the sentence “And it brings much trouble to the world. ”A. war B. peace C. care D. love 认真阅读分析该词所在句及前一句Thous

28、ands of people have been killed at war. 可知，成千上万的人在战争中丧生，是战争给世界带来了麻烦，it 应指代前一句中的“war”。【题型三】还原阅读语句还原题是近年来中考英语试题中阅读理解的新题型，很多学生因为对此类题目不太了解，做题时感到无从下手。下面是此类题目的解题技巧。1. 把握文章整体，了解文章大意。解此类题的关键是对文章整体意义的把握，特别是前后内容上的联系，以保证文章内容的连贯性和结构的合理性作为填回句子的依据。2. 分析选项，瞻前顾后。认真分析选项及文章，尤其是文章填空处前后两句话中的代词究竟指代的是什么，还可以根据上句的信息推断下句的信息

29、，或通过下句的信息推断上句的信息。这样前后对照、逐句推敲、双管齐下、瞻前顾后，抓住文章的脉络。3. 根据空格位置，判断选项特征。空格位于段首时，空格所填内容通常应为该段主题句，找到该段关键词，看选项中的词汇是否与之重合。空格位于段末时，有时为该段主题句，有时为总结句，即首尾呼应之句。有时为承上启下的过渡句，此时应注意下段文章，找出下段文章的关键词，与本段相照应，对照选项。空格位于段中时，若在主题句后，则为主题句之扩展句，找与关键词有关的选项；若在段中间，则依据前后文进行判断。4. 重读短文，验证答案。选项选好后，应将所选的选项代入文中去验证，检查全篇文章是否贯通流畅，内容是否清晰，前后意思是否

30、矛盾，是否符合上下文的逻辑关系等。山东临沂中考阅读理解C篇）On the fourth Sunday of every November，most Americans get together around the dinner table to celebrate Thanksgiving. Special traditions in the US have been around for many years. 1These are four popular Thanksgiving traditions and how they started. 2 The first Thanksgiving meal was in th