1、39. chemotaxis 趋化性40. clade 进化枝41. cline 梯度变异42. convergent evolution 趋同进化43. density-dependent factors 密度制约因子44. density-independent factors 非密度制约因子45. dihybrid cross 双因子杂合子杂交46. divergent evolution 趋异进化47. exponential growth curve 指数生长曲线48. extinction 灭绝49. germ plasm theory 种质学说50. hybrid sterili
2、ty 杂种不育性51. interspecific competition 种间竞争52. intraspecific competition 种内竞争53. logistic growth curve 逻辑生长曲线54. macroevolution 宏观进化,种外进化55. microevolution 微进化,种内进化56. mortality 死亡率57. natality 出生率58. pangenesis 泛生论59. parallel evolution 平行进化60. parthenogenesis 孤雌生殖61. phylogeny 种系发生62. population de
3、nsity 种群密度63. punctuated equilibrium 间断平衡64. survivorship curve 存活曲线65. sympatric speciation 同域物种形成,分布区重叠物种形成66. test cross 测交67. 68. allele 等位基因69. diploid 二倍体70. dominant 显性71. gene amplification基因扩增72. genotype 基因型73. haploid 单倍体74. heterokaryon 异核体75. heterozygous 杂合的76. incomplete dominance 不完全
4、显性77. karyotype 核型78. nuclear envelope 核膜79. nucleoid 拟核80. nucleolus(复nucleoli)核仁81. nucleosome 核小体82. recessive 隐性的83. 84. anaphase (分裂)后期85. cell plate 细胞板86. centriole 中心粒87. centromere 着丝粒88. chromatid 染色单体89. chromatin 染色质90. chromosome 染色体91. cytokinesis 胞质分裂92. DNA polymerase DNA聚合酶93. doubl
5、e helix 双螺旋94. histone 组蛋白95. homologous pair 同源染色体对96. homology 同源97. homozygous 纯合的98. interphase(cycle) 分裂间期(周期)99. law of independent assortment 自由组合定律100. law of segregation 分离定律101. meiosis 减数分裂102. metaphase (分裂)中期103. metaphase plate 赤道板104. mitosis 有丝分裂105. nondisjunction 不分离106. Okazaki fr
6、agment 冈崎片段107. one-gene-one-enzyme hypothesis 一基因一酶假说108. one-gene-one-polypeptide hypothesis 一基因一多肽假说109. phenotype 表型110. prophase (分裂)前期111. replication fork 复制叉112. semiconservative replication 半保留复制113. spindle 纺锤体114. telophase (分裂)末期115. 116. ascomycetes 子囊菌117. ascus(复asci)子囊118. basal body
7、 基体119. basiddiocarp 担子果120. basidiomycetes 担子菌纲121. basidium(复basidia)担子122. cilia 纤毛123. class 纲124. conidium(复conidia)分生孢子子实体125. division 门126. family 科127. flagellum(复flagella) 鞭毛128. fungi imperfecti 半知菌亚门129. gametangium(复gametangia)配子囊130. genus 属131. haustorium(复haustoria)吸器132. hypha(复hyph
8、ae)菌丝133. kingdom 界134. lichen 地衣135. mycelium(复mycelia)菌丝体136. order 目137. phylum(复phyla)门138. rhizoid 假根139. saprobe 腐生菌140. species 种141. sporangium(复sporangia)孢子囊142. taxon 分类单位143. taxonomy 分类学144. 145. C3 plant 三碳植物146. C4 plant 四碳植物147. Calvin-Benson cycle 卡尔文-本森循环148. carotenoid 类胡萝卜素149. ch
9、lorophyll 叶绿素150. chloroplast 叶绿体151. cyclic photophosphorylation 环形光合磷酸化(作用)152. light-dependent reactions 光反应153. light-independent reactions 暗反应154. noncyclic photophosphorylation 非环形光合磷酸化(作用)155. photon 光子156. photophosphorylatio 光合磷酸化(作用)157. photorespiration 光呼吸158. photosynthesis 光合作用159. pho
10、tosystem 光系统160. ribulose biphosphate(RuBP)核酮糖二磷酸161. cytoplasm (细)胞质162. endoplasmic reticulum 内质网163. Golgi complex 高尔基复合体164. liposome 脂质体165. lysosome 溶酶体166. mitochondrion(复mitochondria)线粒体167. nucleus(复nuclei)(细)胞核168. phagocytosis 吞噬(作用)169. pinocytosis 胞饮(作用)170. plastid 质体171. polysome 多聚核糖
11、体172. ribosome 核糖体173. septate 有隔膜的174. stroma(复stromata)基质175. thylakoid 类囊体176. vacuole 液泡177. 178. dedifferentiation 脱分化179. differentiation 分化180. metamorphosis变态181. morphogenesis形态建成182. organogenesis 器官发生183. regemeration 再生184. 185. absorption spectrum 吸收光谱186. binomial system of nomenclatur
12、e 双名法187. carrying capacity 负载力188. chalone 抑素189. character displacement 特征替换190. coacervate 凝聚层191. compensatory hypertrophy 代偿性肥大192. continental drift 大陆漂移193. core 核心194. crust 地壳195. mantle 地幔196. proteinoid 类蛋白197. Punnett square 庞纳特方格198. X-ray diffraction X射线衍射新加、变动之处、题中找出已有新加biomass 生物量car
13、bon 碳hydrate 水合物变动之处题中找出已有1. AP site AP位点2. complementary DNA(cDNA) 3. C value C值4. C value paradox C值悖论5. deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA) 6. semi-conservative replication DNA半保留复制7. semi-discontinuous replication DNA半不连续复制8. DNA polymerase DNA聚合酶9. DNA topoisomerase DNA拓扑异构酶10. recombinant DNA technolog
14、y DNA重组技术11. P-element P转座子12. rapid amplification of cDNA ends(RACE) cDNA末端快速扩增13. random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD)随机扩增的多态性DNA14. restriction fragment length polymorphism(RFLP) 限制性片段长度多态性15. RNA editing RNA编辑16. RNA recoding RNA再编码17. RNA interference(RNAi) RNA干涉18. RNA splicing RNA剪接19. intr
15、on 内含子20. exon 外显子21. single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) 单核苷酸多态性22. gratuitous inducer 安慰性诱导物23. aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase 氨酰- tRNA合成酶24. wobble hypothesis 摆动假说25. comparative genomics 比较基因组学26. coding strand 编码链27. sense strand 有意义链28. expressed sequence tag(EST)表达序列标签29. v-onc 病毒癌基因30. operon 操纵子
16、31. intertional sequence(IS) 插入序列32. long terminal repeats 长末端重复序列33. superhelix/suoercoil 超螺旋34. overlapping gene/nested gene 重叠基因35. mismatch repair 错配修复36. missense mutation 错义突变37. catabolite repression 代谢物阻遏效应38. haplotype 单倍型39. monocistronic mRNA 单顺反子mRNA40. polycistronic messenger RNA 多顺反子mR
17、NA41. proteome 蛋白质组42. proteomics蛋白质组学43. allele 等位基因44. two-component system 二组分系统45. translation 翻译46. post- translational translocation翻译后转运机制47. co-translational translocation 翻译共转运机制48. ubiquitin 泛素49. molecular chaperone 分子伴侣50. replication fork 复制叉51. replication origin 复制起点52. replicon 复制子53
18、. Okazaki fragment 冈崎片段54. high mobility group protein(HMG) 高速泳动蛋白55. nuclear localization sequence(NLS) 核定位序列56. ribozyme 核酶57. nucleosome 核小体58. lagging strand 后随链59. gene regulation 基因表达调控60. serial analysis of gene expression(SAGE) 基因表达系列分析技术61. gene trapping 基因捕获62. site-directed mutagenesis 基因
19、定点突变63. gene cloning 基因克隆64. gene konck-out 基因敲除65. cDNA/genomic DNA library 基因组文库66. DNA microarray 基因微阵列/基因芯片67. genetype 基因型68. genetyping基因分型69. genome基因组70. degeneracy 简并71. synonymous codon 同义密码子72. proofreading 校对73. polymerase chain reaction(PCR) 聚合酶链式反应74. antibody 抗体75. antigen 抗原76. anti-
20、termination factor 抗终止因子77. open reading frame(ORF) 可读框78. centimorgan 厘摩79. CO-Immunoprecipitation(CO-IP) 免疫共沉淀80. template strand 模版链81. antisense strand 反义链82. magic spot nucleotide 魔斑核苷酸83. DNA mobility shift assay(EMSA) 凝胶阻滞实验84. promoter 启动子85. leading strand 前导链86. excision repair 切除修复87. Ava
21、in influenza(AI) 禽流感性感冒88. attenuator 弱化子89. upstream promoter element(UPE)上游启动子元件90. upstream activating sequence(UAS)上游激活序列91. neuraminidase(NA) 神经氨酸酶92. bacteriophage 噬菌体93. phage display噬菌体展示技术94. cistron 顺反子95. peptidy-tRNA 肽酰- tRNA96. peptidyl transferase 肽基转移酶97. cognate tRNA 同工tRNA98. satell
22、ite DNA 卫星DNA99. nonsense mutation 无义突变100. physical map 物理图谱101. C-onc 细胞癌基因 102. oncogene 癌基因103. proto- oncogene 原癌基因104. transformation 细菌转化105. short interfering RNA(siRNA) 小分子干扰核糖核酸106. signal recognition protein(SRP) 信号识别蛋白107. signal peptide 信号肽108. sequence tagged site(STS) 序列标签位点109. wild-
23、type 野生型110. mutant 突变型111. frameshift mutation 框移突变112. codon 密码子113. genetic map 遗传图谱114. primase 引发酶115. primosome 引发体116. primer 引物117. in situ hybridization(ISH)原位杂交118. vector 载体119. enhancer 增强子120. guide RNA 指导RNA121. central dogma 中心法则122. transcription unit 转录单元123. transcription initiatio
24、n site 转录起始位点124. upstream 上游125. downstream 下游126. transposition 转座127. transposable element可转座因子128. transposon(Tn)转座子129. autonomously replicating sequences(ARS)自主复制序列130. repressor 阻遏蛋白131. histones 组蛋白132. 133. light-independent reaction 暗反应134. carbon-assimilation reaction 碳同化反应135. interleuki
25、n-1 converting enzyme(ICE) 白介素-1转换酶136. hemidesmosome 半桥粒137. endosome 胞内体138. exocytosis 胞吐作用139. endocytosis胞吞作用140. extracellular matrix 胞外基质141. cytoplasmic dynein 胞质动力蛋白142. cytokinesis 胞质分裂143. epigenetics 表观遗传144. virion 病毒粒子145. light-harvesting complex 捕光复合体146. rough endoplasmic reticulum(
26、RER)糙面内质网147. euchromatin 常染色质148. phragmoplast 成膜体149. programmed cell death(PCD) 程序性死亡150. primary wall 初生壁151. secondary wall 次生壁152. thick filament 粗肌丝153. monoclonal antibody 单克隆抗体154. cholesterol 胆固醇155. protein kinase 蛋白激酶156. proteoglycan 蛋白聚糖157. proteasome 蛋白酶体158. protein sorting 蛋白分选159.
27、 lampbrush chromosome 灯刷染色体160. electrochemical gradient 电化学梯度161. electron-transport chain 电子传递链162. apoptosome 凋亡复合体163. apoptosis protease activating factor(Apaf-1)164. apoptotic body 凋亡小体165. kinetochore 动粒166. action potential 动作电位167. telomere 端粒168. telomerase端粒酶169. polyribosome/polysome 多聚核
28、糖体170. polytene chromosome 多线染色体171. trans Golgi network(TGN) 反面高尔基管状结构172. retrotransposons 反转录转座子173. ubiquitin-dependent pathway 泛素依赖性降解途径174. autoradiography 放射自显影技术175. noncyclic photophosphorylation 非循环光合磷酸化176. limit of resolution分辨率177. secretory pathway 分泌途径178. molecular switch 分子开关179. occluding junction 封闭连接180. negative staining 负染色181. calcium pump/Ca2+-ATPase 钙泵182. cadherin 钙年蛋白183. calmodulin 钙调蛋白184. mannose-6-phosphate(M6P)甘露糖-6磷酸185. stem cell
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