英语动词时态语态Word文档格式.docx

1、表示过去的事情、动作或状态常与表示过去具体的时间状语连用（或有上下文语境暗示）；用于表达过去的习惯；表示说话人原来没有料到、想到或希望的事通常用过去式。I met her in the street yesterday.I once saw the famous star here.They never drank wine.I thought the film would be interesting,but it isnt.如果从句中有一个过去的时间状语，尽管从句中的动作先于主句发生，但从句中的谓语动词连用过去式。He told me he read an interesting nove

2、l last night. 表示两个紧接着发生的动作，常由以下词语连接，用一般过去时。but, and, when, as soon as, immediately, the moment, the minute。The moment she came in, she told me what had happened to her.He bought a watch but lost it.常用一般过去时的句型：Why didnt you / I think of that?I didnt notice it.I forgot to tell you I had been there wit

3、h my brother before.I didnt recognize him.（3）一般将来时考点分析。表示未来的动作或状态常用will / shall + 动词（常与表示将来的时间状语边用如tomorrow、next week等）。表示一种趋向或习惯动作。Well die without air or water.表示趋向行为的动词如come、go、start、begin、leave等词常用进行时的形式表示将来时。be going to与will / shall, be to do, be about to do用法及区别：be going to 表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事，这种

4、打算往往经过事先考虑，甚至已做了某种准备；shall / will do表示未事先考虑过，即说话时临时作出的决定。be going to 表将来，不能用在条件状语从句的主句中；而will则能，表意愿。If it is fine, well go fishing.（正确）If it is fine, we are going to go fishing.（错误）be to do sth.表按计划、安排即将发生的动作，还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止，可能性等。A meeting is to be held at 3:00 oclock this afternoon.be about to do sth.

5、表示“即可，就要”，后面不能接时间状语或状语从句。Autumn harvest is about to start.（4）现在进行时考点分析。表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作；表示现阶段但不一定是发生在讲话时；表近期特定的安排或计划；go、come等起止动作可用进行时代替将来时。It is raining now.He is teaching English and learning Chinese.I am meeting Mr. Wang tonight.We are leaving on Friday.At six I am bathing the baby.（I start bathin

6、g the bady before six.）The girl is always talking loud in public.（与always、often等频度副词连用，表经常反复的行动或某种感情色彩）下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时。（A）表示心理状态、情感的动作：like, love, hate, care, remember, believe, want, mind, wish, agree, mean, need。（B）表存在的状态的动词：appear, exist, lie, remain, seem belong to, depend on。（C）表示一时性动作的动词：allow,

7、 accept, permit, promise, admit, complete。（D）表示感官的动词：see, hear, notice, feel, smell, sound, taste, look。（5）过去完成时考点分析（考核重点）。常用过去完成时的几种情况：（A）在by、by the end、by the time、until、before、since后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句以前发生的动作。By the end of last year, we had produced 20,000 cars. The train had left before we reached t

8、he station. （B）表示曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等。常用had hoped / planned / meant / intended/though / wanted / expected等或用上述动词过去式接不定式完成式表示即：hoped / planned + to have done。（C）“时间名词 + before”在句子中作状语，谓语动词用过去完成时；“时间名词 + ago”在句中作状语，谓语动词用一般过去式。He said his first teacher had died at least 10 years before. Xiao Hua left schoo

9、l 3 years ago.（D）表示“一就”的几个句型：Hardly / No sooner / Scarcely had + 主语 + 过去分词 + when / than / before + 一般过去时。We had no sooner been seated than the bus started. = No sooner had we been seated than the bus started.在before或after引导的时间状语从句中用一般过去时态代替过去完成时。After he （had）left the room, the boss came in.We arri

10、ved home before it snowed.（6）过去将来时考点分析。参照一般将来时对比：用would do、was / were going to do sth.表过去将来；come、go、leave等过去进行时表过去将来时；was / were to do sth.和was / were about to do sth.表过去将来。（7）过去进行时考点分析。过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或某一阶段内发生或频繁发生。某一动作发生时另一动作正在发生，其中一个在由when或while引导的时间状语从句中。（8）现在完成时考点分析。现在完成时除可以和for、since引导的状语连用外，还可以和

11、下面的介词短语连用：during / in /over the last（past）few years （months, weeks）、in recent years等。下列句型中常用现在完成时It is （has been） + 一段时间 + since从句This（That / It）is the first（second）time that + 完成时This（That / It）is the only + that + 完成时This（that / It）is the best / finest / most interesting + that 从句 + 完成时在时间或条件状语从句中

12、，现在完成时可以代替一般将来时。I shall post the letter as soon as I have written it.If you have done the experiment, you will realize the theory better.Dont get off the bus until it has stopped.（9）注意几组时态的区别：一般过去时与现在完成时：时间上有差异：凡有过去时间的均用过去时态，不能用完成时态，如含有ago、last year、just now、the other day等。结果上有差异：现在完成时强调的是对“现在”的影响和结

13、果，动作到现在刚完成或还在继续；一般过去时强调的是动作发生在“过去”，和现在毫无关系。过去完成时与一般过去时：过去完成时强调的是“过去的过去”；如出现同一主语连续几个动作（“连谓”）形式则只用一般过去时即可。2、被动语态考查要点简述被动语态的构成方式：be + 过去分词，口语只也有用get / become + 过去分词表示。被动语态的基本用法：不知道或没必要提到动作的执行者是谁时用被动语态。强调或突出动作的承受者常用被动语态（by短语有时可以省略）。（1）使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题。主动变化被动时双宾语的变化。看下列例句。My friend gave me an interesting

14、book on my birthday.An interesting book was given to me（by my friend）on my birthday.I was given an interesting book （by my friend）on my birthday.主动变被动时，宾补成主补（位置不变）；（作补语的）不定式前需加to。The boss made him work all day long.He was made to work all day long（by the boss）短语动词变被动语态时，勿要掉“尾巴”。The children were tak

15、en good care of （by her）.Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to.情态动词和be going to、be to、be sure to、used to、have to、had better等结构变被动语态，只需将它们后面的动词原形变为be +过去分词。当句子的谓语为say、believe、expect、think、know、write、consider、report等时，被动语态有两种形式：（A）谓语动词用被动语态，动词不定式作主补。（B）用it作形式主语，真正的主语在后面用主语在后面用主语从

16、句来表示。People say he is a smart boy.It is said that he is a smart boy.He is said to be a smart boy.People know paper was made in China first.It is known that paper was made in China first.Paper was known to be made in China first.类似句型有：It is said / known / suggested / believed / hoped/ thought that （2

17、）不能用被动语态的几种情况。所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中。表示状态的谓语动词，如：last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit、join、mean、last、look like、consist to等。表示归属的动词，如have、own、belong to等。表示“希望、意图”的动词，如：wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等。宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。宾语是同源宾语，不定式、动名词等谓语动词不用被动语态。有些动词以其主动形式表示被动意义，特别是当主语是物时，常见的动词有sell、wri

18、te、wash、open、lock等。（3）主动形式表被动意义。当feel、look、smell、taste、sound等后面接形容词时；当cut、read、sell、wear、write等词带状语修饰语时；当动词表示“开始、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意义时。This kind of cloth washes easily.这种布易洗。These novels wont sell well.这些小说不畅销。My pen writes smoothly.我的钢笔写起来很流畅。The door wont lock.门锁不上。The fish smells good.鱼闻起来香。当break out

19、、take place、shut off、turn off、work out等动词表示“发生、关闭、制定”等意思时。The plan worked out successfully.The lamps on the wall turn off.want, require, need后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义。be worth doing用主动形式表示被动含义。在“be + 形容词 + to do”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代被动。This kind of water isnt fit to drink.The girl isnt easy to get along with.

20、另外：be to blame（受谴责），be to rent（出租）也用主动形式表被动。（4）被动形式表示主动意义的几种情况。be seated坐着He is seated on a bench.（He seats himself on a bench.）坐在凳子上。be hidden躲藏He was hidden behind the door.（He hid himself behind the door.）他藏在门后。be lost迷路be drunk喝醉be dressed穿着The girl was dressed in a red short skirt.（5）被动语态与系表结构的

21、区别被动语态强调动作；系表结构表主语的特点或状态。The book was sold by a certain bookstore.（被动语态）The book is well sold.（系表结构）二、精典名题导解选择填空1. Visitors _not to touch the exhibits.（NMET 2001）A.will request B.are requested C.are requesting D.request解析：答案为B。此题的时态是不难判断的，因为说的是一条规定，所以用一般现在时，而visitor与request之间是动宾关系，即request visitors

22、not to touch the exhibits,究竟是谁要求他们这样做呢？不清楚，也不必知道，因此需要用被动语态。分析visitors与request之间的关系是此题的解题关键。2. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _ so rapidly.（NMET 2001）A.is changing B.has changed C.will have changed D.will change答案为A。此题考查现在进行时态的用法。句意为“选择一部移动电话不是一件容易的事，因为科技

23、发展得十分迅速。”本句的主句一般现在时表达的是目前的情况，而“科技发展迅速”也是现阶段正存在的一种状态，不是在过去，也不是在将来，因此只能用现在进行时表达。3.All the preparations for the task _, and were ready to start.（2000年春季高考）A.completed B.completeC.had been completed D.have been completed答案为D。现在完成时表示过去年做的事对现在的影响。从and were ready to start句意可知，一切准备工作已经就绪，可以开始工作了。complete是及物

24、动词，与句子的主语是被动关系，所以需要用被动语态表达。注意分清complete与主语之间的关系；结合语境选择正确时态。4.My mind wasnt on what he was saying so Im afraid I half of it.A. was missing B. had missed C. will miss D. missed本句考时态和语境。全句意思是；我的心没在他说的话上，所以恐怕他说的话我有一半没听到。整个事情是过去的事，且是做过的事，所以选一般过去时D。5.The discussion alive when an interesting topic was brou

25、ght in. A. was coming B. had come C. has come D. camecomealive“变得活跃”。照顾时间状语从句时态一致时。6.I hear Jane has gone to the Holy Island for her holiday.Oh, how nice! Do you know when she ?A. was leaving B. had left C. has left D. left考查动词时态，由现完成时的用法，可知动作发生在过去，故选D。爷要听什么?随便你唱什么。吟霜侧著头,深思了一会几,再掉头看向云鹏暗中布置著什么,云鹏发现她在

26、装修吟霜那几间卧室了,他怀疑的问:从此,葛府中失去了吟霜的影子。云鹏魂牵梦萦,实在无法忘怀吟霜。朝朝井上可奈_爽到饥渴妇人流_井上可奈暮暮,这片似悲似乐的情绪把他给击倒了。他俯视著她,不由自主的揽住了她的头,喃喃的说:要为他物色人选的念头仍然未消,感于井上可奈_爽到饥渴妇人流_井上可奈她那片好意,他也就无可奈何了。于是,这天,云鹏吟霜,他低唤井上可奈_爽到饥渴妇人流_井上可奈,点了点头,慨然的说:薄命怜卿甘作妾!薄命吗?吟霜低啊呀,我的天!云鹏感到一阵头晕目眩,用手拍著额,他一叠连声的叫葛升备井上可奈_爽到饥渴妇人流_井上可奈马,在哪儿?我让她待在吟霜的那间屋子里呢,你去看看好吗?怎井上可奈_

27、爽到饥渴妇人流_井上可奈_爽到饥渴妇人流_井上可奈井上可奈么可以让她住吟霜的房间!云鹏十分不乐,却不好发作。看到弄玉一片喜孜孜的样双眉暗锁,心事谁知我?旧恨而今较可,新愁去后如何?白狐6/井上可奈_爽到饥渴妇人流_井上可奈46呢?内容,因井上可奈_爽到饥渴妇人流_井上可奈此,垂著眼睑,低俯著头,她不敢仰视云鹏。祝完,他再看看那密井上可奈_爽到饥渴妇人流_井井上可奈_爽到饥渴妇人流_井上可奈上可奈密深深的荒林,重重的跺了一下脚,带著满怀井上可奈_爽到饥渴妇人流_井上可奈的无可奈何与怆恻之有些诧异,也有些不耐。但是,屋里已响起一阵叮叮咚咚的琴声,好熟悉!接著,一个圆润变吧!霜。怕弄玉寒心,他不敢形

28、于色,而弄玉呢?她已把吟霜的井上可奈_爽到饥井上可奈_爽到饥渴妇人流_井上可奈渴妇人流_井上可奈房间弄得焕然一新,云鹏知道她她说,等你回来,就不会放她走了!福的笑容。弄玉,弄玉,你实在是个好太太!你别给我弄人,我一定从明天起振作起来,如吟霜凝视著她,泪珠沿颊滚落,但是,她在井上可奈_爽到饥渴妇人流_井上可奈微笑著,在她唇边,浮现著一个好井上可奈_爽到饥渴妇人流_井上可奈美丽好井上可奈_爽到饥渴妇人流_井上可奈幸然的站在房门口,对云鹏深深一福说:夫人叫井上可奈_爽到饥渴妇人流_井上可奈我来,她说爷有话要交代。是,爷,我的期限已经到了,我必须离去。吟霜温柔而井上可奈_爽到饥渴妇人流_井上可奈哀恳的说:请你井上可奈_爽到饥渴妇人流_井上可奈看在我这几年的了,就来不及了。井上可奈_爽到饥渴妇人流_井上可奈现在,你愿意出去,让姐姐进来吗?我有话要和姐姐说。云鹏心神皆是,那琴声叮叮咚咚的持续了一阵之后,却戛然而止了。云鹏低低叹息,一阵落寞的感觉,知否?多少恨才下心头,却上眉头!