启航考研全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题解析考研英语真题.docx

1、启航考研全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题解析考研英语真题2016考研资料分享群：2486005112013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section IUse of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)People are, on the whole, poor at considering background informati

2、on when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that 1 the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by 2 factors. But Dr Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big 3 was leading decision makers to be biased by the daily samples of informat

3、ion they were working with. 4, he theorised that a judge 5 of appearing too soft6 crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 7 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day. To 8 this idea, he turned to the university admissions process.

4、 In theory, the 9 of an applicant should not depend on the few others 10 randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr Simonsohn suspected the truth was 11.He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews 12 by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had 13 applicants on a scale of one to five.

5、This scale 14 numerous factors into consideration. The scores were 15 used in conjunction with an applicants score on the Graduate Management Admission Test, or GMAT, a standardised exam which is 16 out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.Dr Simonsohn found if the score

6、 of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one 17 that, then the score for the next applicant would 18 by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to 19 the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT

7、 points than would otherwise have been 20.1. A grantsB submitsC transmitsD delivers 2. A minorB externalC crucialD objective3. A issueB visionC pictureD moment4. A Above allB On averageC In principleD For example5. A fondB fearfulC capableD thoughtless6. A inB forC toD on 7. A ifB untilC thoughD unl

8、ess8. A testB emphasizeC shareD promote9. A decisionB qualityC statusD success10. A foundB studiedC chosenD identified11. A otherwiseB defensibleC replaceableD exceptional12. A inspiredB expressedC conductedD secured13. A assignedB ratedC matchedD arranged14. A putB gotC tookD gave15. A insteadB the

9、nC everD rather16. A selectedB passedC markedD introduced17. A belowB afterC aboveD before18. A jumpB floatC fluctuateD drop19. A achieveB undoC maintainD disregard 20. A necessaryB possibleC promisingD helpfulSection Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the qu

10、estions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesnt affect her. Priestly explain

11、s how the deep blue color of the assistants sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to department stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.This top down conception of the fashion business couldnt be more out of date or at odds with the feverish wor

12、ld described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Clines three year indictment of “fast fashion.” In the last decade or so, advances in technology have allowed mass market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quicker turnarounds mean less wa

13、sted inventory, more frequent releases, and more profit. These labels encourage style conscious consumers to see clothes as disposablemeant to last only a wash or two, although they dont advertise thatand to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on trend items at dirt cheap prices, Cline

14、 argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a MYM5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2,300 plus stores around the world, it must rely on low wage overse

15、as labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals.Overdressed is the fashion worlds answer to consumer activist bestsellers like Michael Pollans The Omnivores Dilemma. “Mass produced clothing, like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non du

16、rable and wasteful,” Cline argues. Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a yearabout 64 items per personand no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named Sarah Kate Beaumont, who since

17、2008 has made all of her own clothesand beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example cant be knocked off.Though several fast fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environmentincluding H&M, with its gree

18、n Conscious Collection lineCline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they cant afford not to. 21. Pr

19、iestly criticizes her assistant for her A lack of imagination.B poor bargaining skill. C obsession with high fashion.D insensitivity to fashion. 22. According to Cline, mass market labels urge consumers toA combat unnecessary waste.B shop for their garments more frequently.C resist the influence of

20、advertisements.D shut out the feverish fashion world. 23. The word “indictment” (Line 3, Para. 2) is closest in meaning toA accusation.B enthusiasm.C indifference. D tolerance.24. Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?A Vanity has more often been found in idealists.B The fas

21、t fashion industry ignores sustainability.C Pricing is vital to environment friendly purchasing.D People are more interested in unaffordable garments.25. What is the subject of the text?A Satire on an extravagant lifestyle.B Challenge to a high fashion myth.C Criticism of the fast fashion industry.D

22、 Exposure of a mass market secret.Text 2An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wastedthe trouble is, no one knows which half. In the internet age, at least in theory, this fraction can be much reduced. By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can

23、aim “behavioural” ads at those most likely to buy.In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? Or should they have explicit permission? In Decem

24、ber 2010 Americas Federal Trade Commission (FTC) proposed adding a “do not track” (DNT) option to internet browsers, so that users could tell advertisers that they did not want to be followed. Microsofts Internet Explorer and Apples Safari both offer DNT; Googles Chrome is due to do so this year. In

25、 February the FTC and the Digital Advertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responding to DNT requests. On May 31st Microsoft set off the row. It said that Internet Explorer 10, the version due to appear with Windows 8, would have DNT as a default. Advertisers are hor

26、rified. Human nature being what it is, most people stick with default settings. Few switch DNT on now, but if tracking is off it will stay off. Bob Liodice, the chief executive of the Association of National Advertisers, says consumers will be worse off if the industry cannot collect information abo

27、ut their preferences. People will not get fewer ads, he says. “Theyll get less meaningful, less targeted ads.”It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Getting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so. Unable to tell whether someone

28、 really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsofts default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone. After all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out

29、 how. If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on advertising, it has chosen an indirect method: There is no guarantee that DNT by default will become the norm. DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for Windows 8though the firm has compared some of its other products favourably with Googles on tha