英语三大从句语法讲解Word文件下载.docx

1、 我们这儿能看至 U窗户的那个宾馆叫什么名字，你知道吗？（关系代词 whose指代先行词 hotel，正式用法应该用 ofwhich。 whose window=the window of which ，意思是：the window of the hotel。）（二） 关系代词 which的用法which代替物，在定语从句作主语或宾语，作宾语时还可省略。I do not like stories which have un happy endin gs.我不喜欢有不幸结局的小说。 （which可以换成that）（三） 关系代词that的用法that既可指人又可指物，在当代英语中大多指物，在定语

2、从句作主语或宾语，作宾语时还可省略。：Is she the girl that sells newspapers?她是卖报纸的那个女孩吗？ （ that可以换成who）Where is the ice-cream that was in the fridge?放在冰箱的冰激凌哪儿去了 ？（ that可以换成which）Is this the book that you want to buy?这是你要买的那本书吗？ （that可以换成which，在定语从句作宾语，还可以省略）二、 关系副词引导的定语从句常用的关系副词只有三个： whe n, where, why ，在定语从句中充当时间、 地点

3、和原因状语。（一） 关系副词when的用法关系副词when代替的先行词表示的是时间， when在定语从句作时间状语。In Beiji ng July and August are the mon ths whe n it rains very ofte n.北京的七月和八月是常下雨的月份。 （when先行词是months）（二） 关系副词 where的用法关系副词where代替的先行词表示的是地点， where在定语从句作地点状语。During the Spring Festival I went back to the town where I was brought up.春节期间，我回到

4、了生我养我的家乡。 （where的先行词是town ）（三） 关系副词why的用法关系副词why代替的先行词表示的是原因， why在定语从句作原因状语。The reas on why I am phoning you is to ask you whether you have got my email.我打电话给你的原因是想问问你是否收到了我的电子邮件。 （why先行词是reason,当代英语里why可以用that替代，这时关系代词that就变成了表示原因的关系副词， 还可以将why 省略）三、 特殊关系代词 as引导的定语从句（一） 在固定搭酉己 asas, so as, such as,

5、 the same as 中，as弓丨导定语从句You may take as many books as you want.你想要拿多少书就拿多少。（第一个as是副词，修饰many的；第二个as才是关系代词，代 替先行词books，在定语从句中作宾语）（二） 独立于主句之外， as引导定语从句As we know/ As is kn ow n to us, the earth turns around the sun. 正如我们所知，地球围绕太阳旋转。（As we know和As is known to us均为定语从句，as分别作宾语和主语， 替代后面的主句。Taiwa n is, as

6、you know, an in separable part of China.你知道，台湾是中国不可分割的一部分。（关系代词as指代整个主句，在定语从句中作宾语。四、 关系代词who, which 与that的区别（一）关系代词 who与that的区别1. 当关系代词用作主语时，多用主格 who 。 He who loses hope loses all.失去希望的人就失去一切。 （先行词为代词 he, they, any, all, one等时，多用 who）I met Alice, who told me that she was lear ning Chin ese.我遇见艾丽斯，她告

7、诉我她在学汉语。 （在非限制性定语从句中，用 who）2. 当关系代词用作介词后的宾语时，用宾格 whom，不用that。The man to whom our headmaster talked just now is our En glish teacher.我们校长刚才与他谈话的那个人是我们的英语老师。 （介词与关系代词紧密相连时，只能用宾格whom，不可用主格who）注意：介词与关系代词不是紧密相连时， 或者说介词放在句子后面时， 这时可以用主格 who ,也可用that，还可以省略关系代词。因此，上面的这句话还可以有如下四种说法：（1） The man whom our headma

8、ster talked to just now is our En glish teacher.（2） The man who our headmaster talked to just now is our En glish teacher.（3） The man that our headmaster talked to just now is our En glish teacher.（4） The man our headmaster talked to just now is our En glish teacher.3. 当关系代词泛指人时，多用 that oHe is a man

9、 that is n ever afraid of failure.他是个从不怕失败的人。（that用来泛指人）4. 当关系代词出现在 who开头的疑问句时，应用 that。例如：Who is the girl that is talking to Tom in English?用英语同汤姆交谈的那个女孩是谁？（避免重复使用 who，以免造成误解或语义含混不清）（二）关系代词 which与that的区别1. 当先行词为 all, much, little 以及不定代词 anything, something, everything 等时，关系代词多用that oAll that glitter

10、s is n ot gold.闪闪发光物，未必尽黄金。She told me everythi ng that she kn ew.她把她所知道的一切都告诉了我。2. 当先行词的前面有形容词最高级、序数词或限定词 the only, the very, all, every, any,no等时，关系代词一般都用 that oThis is the best novel that I have ever read.这是我读过的最好的一部小说。He is the only person that has been invited to the ball. 他是惟一应邀参加舞会的人。3. 当关系代词

11、出现在 which开头的疑问句时，应用 that。Which was the hotel that was recommended to the foreign guest?哪一个是推荐给外宾的宾馆？（这里使用that很明显是为了避免重复 which）4. 在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词一般只用 which。Beijing, which is the capital of the People s Republic of China, will host the 2008 Olympic Games.北京是中华人民共和国的首都，将主办 2008年奥运会。5. 介词后的关系代词用 which，而

12、不用that。She has collected 600 stamps, 60% of which are German stamps. 她收集了 600 张邮票，其中60%是德国邮票。五、定语从句的位置如前所述，定语从句一般总是直接置于所修饰的名词或代词之后。 有时候，定语从句与先行词之间插入了其他的短语， 这样它们被分隔了，这种情况下的定语从句被称作隔离定语从句。There was a girl upstairs who was shout ing and crying, obviously mad.楼上有一个女孩，大喊大叫。很明显，她疯了。 （定语从句 who was shouting

13、and crying修饰the girl，被 upstairs 所隔开）A new master will come tomorrow who will teach you Germa n.明天要来一位新老师教你们德语了。 （定语从句置于句末以示强调）下载名词性从句宾语从句一、 引导词（1） 由 that引导的 陈述句性 的宾语从句，在很多动词如 say, think, wish , hope, see, believe, agree, expect, hear , feel等动词后。连词that只起连接作用，在从句中不做句子的成分，也 无词汇意义，在口语中常被省略。如： I told him

14、 that he was wrong.在think, believe, suppose, expect 等动词引起的宾语从句中，有时谓语尽管是否定意义，却不用否定形式，而将 think等动词变为否定形式。（见语法：否定转移）I don t think you are right.我认为你做的不对）在许多带有复合宾语的句子中， that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子的后面，而用 it做形式宾语。We thi nk it wrong that he told a lie to everyone （ 我认为他向每一个人撒谎是错误的 ）（2） 由连词if、whether 引导的表示 是否”勺宾语从句。Wh

15、ether, if在从句中不做句子的成分，一般情况下， whether和if可以替换。I don t know if/whethr he will come tomorrow.在介词后面的宾语从句中不用if引导Everyth ing depe nds on whether we have eno ugh mon ey.宾语从句中有or not时不用if引导. t know whether the movie star will come or not.和不定式连用作宾语 时不用if引导Whether to go there or not hasn t been decided.（3） 由wh-

16、引导的宾语从句。连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which 和连接副词 whe n, where, why, how 等连接的宾语从句，它们在句中即有连接从句的作用，又在句中充当句子的成分。Do you know which film they are talking about? （which 做定语） t know where he lives. （wher做地点状语）二、 宾语从句的语序，宾语从句的语序必须是 陈述语序，既连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分I believe that they willcome soon.特例：有下列常见的问句，作为从句出现，是 不改变

17、语句顺序”的。1. Whats the matter?2. Whats wron g?3. Whats up ?4. Whats the problem?5. Whats your trouble?三、 宾语从句的时态。宾语从句的时态受主句的限制， 即:主句是一般现在时态|,从句根据实际情况而定；主句是一般过去时态，从句用相目应的过去的时态。如果从句的动作发生在主句之前，则从句要用过去完成时态。1） She say that she is a student. She said that she was a student.2） She says that she will fly to Ja

18、pa n in a week. She said that she would fly to Japa n in a week.3） She says that she has finished her homework already. She said that she had finished her homework already.（1） 如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、 自然现象或事实时， 这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.（2） Could you tell me是用来征询对方的意见，语

19、气委婉，并不表示过去。Could you tell me when we will visit the History Museum?注意事项：（3） 由陈述句变成宾语从句时，要注意人称的变化。She said: I beve to En gla nd before. ” She said that she had bee n to En gla nd before.She asked me: “ Do you like maths? ” She asked me if I liked maths.（4） 宾语从句与简单句的交换。由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句，如果宾语从句的主语和主句的主

20、语是同一个人时，可以用 疑问词+不定式”做宾语的简单句结构。 t know what I should do next I don t know what to do next.DO SOME EXERCISES:1. Can you see A ?A. what he s reading B. what is he readingC. what does he read D. he reads what2. Does Jack come from Japan? Do you know?（合并成一个句子 ）Do you know that_Jack _come from Japa n?3. _

21、What did your son say in the letter?_He told me that he_D_ the Disney the next day.A. will visit B. has visitedC. is goi ng to visit D. would visit4. He didn t kno A. what s the matter B. what the matter isC. what was the matter D. what the matter was5. Somebody called you just now, but I didn D_ t

22、know_A. who were they B. who they wereC. who was it D. who it was6. I want to know D_A. what is his name B. what s his nameC. that his n ame is D. what his n ame is7. -Could you tell me _C_she is look ing for?-Her cous in, Susa n.A. that B. whose C .who D. which8. -What are you search ing the Intern

23、et for?-I m trying to find out .A. What is the differe nee between SARS and BIRDFLUB. How many pers ons have died in IraqC. How to protect our environmentD. Why is our Chin ese team be able to beat Korea同位语从句（一） 一般来说，在主从复合句中， 用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。 它通常跟在某些名词之后，用以说明或解释该名词表示的具体内容。可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有： advice,decis

24、i on, fact, hope, idea, in formatio n, message, n ews, promise, proposal, reply,report, suggestion, word （消息），problem ， question, doubt, thought 等。eg: They were delighted at the n ews that their team had won.当听到他们队获胜的消息时，他们欣喜若狂。有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在被说明的名词后面，而被别的词隔开。 女口：The thought came to him that Tom might

25、 have retur ned the book.他突然想起汤姆可能已经还了书了。（二） 引导词1. The news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true.2. He hasn t made the deciswrnether he will go there.3. The question who should do the work is being discussed at the meeting.4. I have no idea what the boy is doing in the next room now.5

26、. We haven t yet settled the questiowhere we are going to spend our summer vacation this year.6. I have no idea how I can get to the railway station.7. I have no idea when he will be back .小、结:that引导同位语从句时 无词义，也不充当任何成分，但通常不可以省略，如句1 ； whether引导冋位语从句时意为是否”通常不能用if来代替,如句2;连接代词who, what等可以引导同位语从句，如句3, 4;

27、连接副词where, how, whe n等可以引导同位语从句,如句5, 6, 7。（三）that引导的同位语从句和定语从句1 意义不同：同位语从句 用来进一步说明前面名词的内容 ；而定语从句用来修饰、限定前面的先行词。试比较：1. The n ews that our team has won the final match is en couragi ng.2. The n ews that you told us is really en courag ing.2 that的功能不同：that引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词，不充当任何成分；而引导定语从句时，不仅起连接作用，而且还指代先行词

28、并在从句中 充当主语、宾语等成分。1. Dad made a promise that he would buy me a CD player if I passed the En glish test.2. Dad made a promise that excited all his childre n. 可否省略：that在引导同位语从句 时，通常不可省略。在引导定语从句 时，若在从 句中作宾语，通常可以省略，若作主语则不可以省略。I. 请用适当的词填空，使下列句子意思完整。1. They expressed the hope _that_ they would come over to China soon.2. The fact that he didn t see Tom this morning is true.3. Word has come _where some America n guests will come to our college for a visitn ext week.4. He can t answer the question how he got the money from his home yes