第八章财务报表.docx

1、第八章财务报表Chapter 8 Financial StatementsNew Words and ExpressionsFinancial statements 财务报表 shareholder 股东 balance sheet 资产负债表asset 资产 liability 负债 owners equity 所有者权益 shareholders equity 股东权益 current assets 流动资产 fixed assets 固定资产 cash equivalents 现金等价物 tangible assets 有形资产 Intangible assets 无形资产 accoun

2、ts receivable 应收账款 inventory 存货 current liabilities 流动负债 long-term liabilities 长期负债 accounts payable 应付账款 current ratio 流动比率 leverage 杠杆 bankruptcy 破产income statement 利润表 revenues 收入 expenses 费用 dividends 股利cost of goods sold 销售成本 gross profit 毛利润 research and development 研发depreciation 折旧 earnings

3、before interest and tax 息税前利润 retained earnings 留存收益net profit after taxes 税后净利润BackgroundWhat are Financial Statements?Financial statements provide an overview of a business or persons financial condition in both short and long term. There are three basic financial statements:Balance sheet: reports

4、 on a companys assets, liabilities, and Ownership equity at a given point in time. Typically, a company lists its assets on the left side and its debts and liabilities on the right. It is important to realize that the balance sheet must balance. That is, total assets must equal the sum of total liab

5、ilities and total owners equity. Each of these sections is usually further divided into subsections.Income statement: also referred to as Profit and Loss statement (or a P&L), reports on a companys income, expenses, and profits over a period of time. Cash flows statement: provides a look at the move

6、ment of cash in and out of a company. The cash-flow statement can be important in determining whether or not a company has enough cash to pay its bills, handle expenses, and acquire assets. Comprehension of the Text1. Which financial statement is prepared as of a particular date rather than for a pe

7、riod ending on a particular date?2. What is the balance sheet?3. How many types of assets are in the balance sheet?4. In what section of the balance sheet would one find patents and trademarks?5. What are the current liabilities?6. What is the income statement?课文难句理解On the right-hand side of the bal

8、ance sheet, lenders hold liabilities and shareholders hold equity. 在资产负债表的右边，债权人拥有负债，股东拥有权益。The equity claim is residual, which means shareholders own whatever assets remain after deducting liabilities. 股东享有剩余财产索偿权，即仅对扣除负债后的资产享有索偿。One, it can (or probably must) pay interest on its debt. Two, it can

9、pay dividends to shareholders at its discretion. And three, it can retain or re-invest the remaining profits. 第一，利润可以（或者必须）用来支付债务利息。第二，公司可选择将利润用来支付股息。第三，利润可以留存或者再投资。A balance sheet, also known as a statement of financial position, reveals a companys assets, liabilities and owners equity (net worth).

10、资产负债表，也被称为是“财务状况表”，反映了一个公司的资产，负债以及所有者权益（资本净值）。Assets are what a company uses for its production process, while liabilities are obligations to be paid to outside parties.资产就是公司用于生产活动的资金，而负债是要支付给外部主体的债务。Owners equity, referred to as shareholders equity in a publicly traded company, is the amount of mo

11、ney initially invested into the company plus any retained earnings, and it represents a source of funding for the business.所有者权益，也指上市公司的股东权益，它等于公司的初始投入资金加上留存收益，表示企业资金的来源之一。Three types of assets are included in the balance sheet: current assets, fixed assets and intangible assets.资产负债表中包含三种资产：流动资产，固定

12、资产，和无形资产。Current assets have a life span of one year or less, meaning they can be converted easily into cash. Such assets are cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and inventory.流动资产的期限为一年或一年以下，说明它们能够很容易的转换为现金。这些资产包括现金和现金等价物，应收帐款以及存货。If a company is manufacturing a product, the inventory is

13、 divided into three different stages: raw materials, work-in-progress (WIP) and finished goods.如果公司是制造企业，存货分为三个不同的阶段：原材料，在制品，产成品。Current liabilities include such items as dividends payable, accounts payables (what the company owes to suppliers for buying raw materials or retail products on credit),

14、interest payments on long-term debt and taxes payable. 流动负债包括应付股利，应付帐款（公司购买原材料欠供应商的货款，或者利用商业信用赊购的商品），长期债务利息支出以及应付税金。If, at the end of the fiscal year, a company decides to reinvest its net earnings (after taxes) into the company, the retained earnings will be restated from the income statement onto

15、the balance sheet here.如果，在财政年度末，公司决定将其税后净利润用于再投资，留存收益将会从利润表中调整到资产负债表。While the balance sheet states a companys assets and liabilities, the income statement (IS), also referred to as a profit and loss statement (P&L), shows a companys revenues and expenses for a given period of time. 资产负债表说明了公司的资产负债

16、情况；利润表，也称为损益表，则反映了一段时间内公司的收入与支出状况。The income statement divulges a companys profitability, which reflects the companys performance and how much income can be reinvested into the company or passed onto investors in the form of dividends. 利润表反映了公司的盈利状况，表明公司的业绩以及有多少收入可以用来再投资或者以股利的形式发放给股东。Whether its because of the way a company defines a certain transaction, or because of the na