高考英语语法填空解题高招.docx

1、高考英语语法填空解题高招高考二轮专题复习之语法填空系列：1.解答语法填空题就这么几招 一、试题解密1. 短文长度：2007年高考考试说明中的样题短文长度为161词，高考题短文长度197词。因此，这道题的短文长度应在150210词之间。2. 命题意图(1)通过语篇考语法。顾名思义，语法填空就是在语篇中重点考查语法知识及运用，而不是考查单词拼写。笔者认为，一般不会要求考生通过上下文推测来判断填哪一个动词、较长的形容词或名词等，更不会要求考生根据上下文填一个短语，因为这都是完形填空的考查功能。样题答案平均每词为4.5个字母，高考题答案平均每词4.1个字母。除去试题本身已经给出的3个词外，其余7道题，

2、样题平均长度为3.7个字母，高考题平均长度为3.1个字母。(2)考语法基础知识。从样题和高考题来看，考查的都是最基本的语法项目，所有答案都是只填一个简单的单词。从只填一个词来看，时态就只能考查一般现在时和一般过去时；非谓语动词就只能考-ing形式和-ed形式；也无法考查被动语态。这样，动词填空题就相当于两个选项的选择题了，如空格后括号中有(lose)，若判断是非谓语动词，不是填losing就一定是lost；若判断是谓语动词，不是填lose(s)就一定是填lost。笔者估计，在2008年高考中，要求考生填词的纯空格题和词类转换题的答案将仍然是只填一个英语单词；而相当于“用所给动词的适当形式填空”

3、的试题可能不受只填一个单词的局限。谓语动词可能会考查进行时、将来时、完成时，以及一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态；非谓语动词也有可能考动词不定式(但可能性不大)。因为这些内容是考纲中有规定的，考生在语境中也不难判断，尽管给评分者造成一定困难，也还是可以考查的。不管高考是否真的考这些内容，我们在考前都有必要进行训练。3. 命题形式(1)给出单词：包括动词的时态语态、非谓语动词、词类词义转换等，解题时只需根据情况变化词形。从2007年高考的样题和高考题来看，这类题都是3个小题。(2)没有提示：主要是要求考生填连词(包括主从复合句和并列复合句的连词)、冠词、介词、代词(包括人称代词、反身代词和不定代

4、词等)、形容词和副词的比较等级等。2007年高考样题和高考题都是7个小题。二、解题密招1. 既然是通过语篇在语境中考语法，那么，我们在解题前，应快速浏览短文，把握全文大意，这一步非常重要。2. 纯空格试题，首先分析句子结构确定填哪类词：(1)缺主语或宾语，一定是填代词或名词(多考代词)；(2)名词前面，若没有限定词，很可能是填冠词或some, any, other(s), another等限定词；(3)在句子不缺主语、宾语或表语的情况下，名词或代词前面，一定是填介词；(4)若两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词，可能是填连词；(5)若两句(一个主谓关系算一个句子)之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一

5、定是填连词；(6)若结构较完整，空格后的谓语动词是原形，特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时，很可能是填情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词(do, does, did等)；(7)若缺状语，一定是填副词(在纯空中考的可能性不大，即使考，也是些常见的简短的副词)；(8)在冠词后，一定是名词或one(s), other(s)等代词。然后，根据句子的意思，确定具体填什么词；根据两句间的逻辑关系确定用具体哪个连词。3. 给出了动词的试题，首先要确定是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。(1)若句中没有别的谓语动词，所给动词就是谓语动词；(2)若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是谓动词，

6、就要考虑时态语态；是非谓语动词就要确定用ing形式、ed形式，还是用不定式形式，确定的方法有：(1)作主语或宾语，通常用ing形式，有时也可用不定式；(2)作目的状语、结果状语、情感形容词或动词后的原因状语，一般用不定式；(3)若判断用分词，与逻辑主语是主动关系用ing形式，是被动关系用ed形式；若命题者仍局限于一空只填一词，我们只需根据与逻辑主语的关系确定用ing形式还是ed形式就可以了。3. 词类转换题，根据该词在句子所作句子成分确定用哪种形式：(1)作表语、定语或补语，用形容词形式；(2)作主语或宾语，用名词形式；(3)冠词或形容词性物主代词后，用名词形式；(4)作状语，用副词形式。4.

7、 词义转换题，主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词，需根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加un, im等，在词根后加less等。5. 在解题过程中要先易后难，难题在大部分空格填好后，再经过仔细推敲，难题也就不会再难了。所有空格填好后，把整篇文章从头至尾复读一遍。三、解题示例语法填空：阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。(试题编号与高考试题相同)Do you often let other peoples nonsense change your mood? If so, try _31_ (get) back your

8、 focus on whats important _32_ (quick).Sixteen years ago I learned this lesson in the back of _33_ New York City taxi cab. We took off for Grand Central Station. We were driving in the right lane _34_, all of a sudden, a black car jumped out of a parking space right in front of us. My taxi driver br

9、aked hard and missed the other cars back end _35_ just inches! The driver of the other car started yelling bad words at us. However, my taxi driver just smiled and waved at the guy. So, I said, “Why did you just do that? This guy almost ruined your car and sent us to the hospital!” And this is, when

10、 my taxi driver told me, _36_ I now call, “The Law of the Garbage Truck.”Many people are _37_ garbage trucks. As their garbage piles up, they need a place to dump _38_. When someone wants to dump on you, you just smile, wave, wish them well, and move on. Youll be happy you _39_ (do). Love the people

11、 who treat you right. Forget about the _40_ who dont. 答案与思路分析 作者记述了自己亲身经历的一件事，一位出租汽车司机以微笑回应一个错骂自己的另一位司机，以此教育人们既要爱那些善待我们的人，也要原谅那些不善待我们的人。四、即时练习There was a woman who was in such a hurry to go to the airport. She was so absorbed in her own thoughts that she was not aware they were going on _31_ differe

12、nt route. Suddenly, a man went inside the cab and took her handbag _32_ she placed her visa, passport, and all her money _33_ the trip. She kept on thinking how _34_ (luck) she was to be in that situation. That very same night, she heard a piece of _35_ (shock) news. Flight 230 crashed! It was the p

13、lane where she was supposed to board into. _36_she had not lost her precious belongings, she could have lost something far _37_ important her life!Sometimes bad things really happen. We fail our exams, or get rejected by others. There are times when nothing seems to go our way. So what do we do abou

14、t it? We must take all these frustrations out of our chest and start all over again with the consistent faith that we _38_ (get) what we deserved.If you failed the exams, maybe youd be more successful and much happier in _39_ field. If you were rejected by your friend, there are plenty of others out

15、 there _40_ are much more deserving of your love and affection. Dont waste your time and energy on things that cant be changed. 2.语法填空中的时态和语态考点揭密从近几年年广东高考英语考试说明的样题和高考题来看，语法填空对动词时态和语态的考查有以下两个特点：其一，对动词时态和语态的考查一般会用括号给词动词原形，而不会让考生根据上下文来确定具体填哪个动词。其二，只考查一般现在时或一般过去时。从这两份题中，我们不难发现，命题人设计所有空格都只填一个单词，由于这种局限性，被

16、动语态不方便考查，且时态也只能考查一般现在时或一般过去时，且多为一般过去时。也就是说，只要判断是谓语动词，答案就很可能是其过去式，这样就由原来选择题的四个答案变成了一个答案，变得更加容易。我们必须熟练掌握考纲中规定的10种时态的用法和构成(详见附录)。掌握常用的被动语态，如一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时和现在完成时的被动语态。解题技巧解答这类试题，需考虑以下两点：首先，要根据句子结构，确定是否为做谓语的动词。英语中的句子一般都应有谓语动词，谓语在主语之后。若句子还没有谓语，需填的动词才是谓语动词；若已有谓语动词，就可能是非谓语动词。下列两道是2007年广东高考题，请判断括号中的动词是谓语动

17、词还是非谓语动词。The sun was setting when my car _31_ (break) down near a remote village. While she was getting me _34_ (settle) into a tiny but clean room 分析：第31题，在when从句中，my car是主语，其后应为谓语；再说，when从句中没有哪里有动词，因此，break肯定是谓语动词。第34题，在while从句中，主语she后已有谓语was getting了，因此，settle就是非谓语动词。其次，根据上下语境，确定动词时态、语态及构成形式。如第31

18、题，主语my car与谓语break down(坏了)是主动关系，用主动语态；又因was/were doing whendid (正在做某事时，突然发生另一事)是一固定句型，break用一般过去时，故填broke。其三，分析时态时，需注意一些固定句型中的较为固定的时态。如：If it doesnt rain tomorrow, we shall have a picnic. 如果明天不下雨，我们将去野游。Work hard, and you will make progress. 努力学习，你就会取得进步。I was walking along the stream, when I met m

19、y teacher of English. 当我沿着小溪散步时遇到了英语老师。This is the most wonderful film I have ever seen. 这是我看到过的最好的电影。No sooner had I come back home than it began to rain. 我一回家就下起雨来了。He has worked in the factory since he graduated in 1970.自从他1970年毕业以来，一直在这家工厂工作。He told me he had graduated from middle school two yea

20、rs before. 他告诉我他两年前就中学毕业了。The boy said he would do anything for his own country. 那男孩说他为自己的祖国愿做任何事情。考点预测笔者认为，试题的难度是逐步加深的，2008年的高考语法填空题不可能一下考得太难，最多会出现一个空填两个单词的现象。这样可能考查的时态有一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时和过去完成时。由于一般将来时的表达方式太多，可能不会考查，即使考，也可能是在时间状语从句或者条件状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时，或者只能用will表示将来时的某些特定句型。若考查被动语态，就很可能

21、是考查一般现在时或者一般过去时的被动语态。即时练习阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。(以动词时态为主)(1) 1 (look) at the picture, please! W can see that the doctor and nurses 2 (operate) on the eyes of the patient. As we know, when people are ill, _3_ go to the doctor. Sometimes the doctor 4 (give) them medicin

22、es, and these often help._5_, when medicines can not solve the problem, the doctor must find _6_ answer. An operation may be necessary. Doctors do not perform operations; surgeons do.For years, surgeons _ 7 (perform) many different kinds of operations, and have saved the lives of millions of patient

23、s. In recent years, operations have become much safer than they _8_ (be) in the past. This is _9_ (part) because doctors and surgeons have learned _9_ about hygiene, and because conditions in hospital have become better.(2)The other day, while I 1 （shop）in the store, I 2 (meet) Li Ying, an old frien

24、d of _3_. We 4 (not see) each other for a long time, since we left school; we were overjoyed _5_ (see) each other. Li Ying said he had been working in a factory since _6_ (graduate). He also told me that he _7_ (come) to our town for a meeting and was staying in _8_hotel near, and he asked me to go

25、and see him. I said I _9_ (go) as soon as I _10_ (have) time.附录：考纲规定的十种时态的主要用法及构成时态构成(以do例)用 法例 句一般现在时do/does表示经常性、习惯性的动作He goes to school by bike every day. 他每天骑自行车上学。表示现在的状态、特征The pen is in the bag. 钢笔在书包里。表示客观真理The earth moves around the sun. 地球围绕太阳转。表示将来(在时间、条件状语从句中；在时刻表等计划中)Ill call you as soon

26、 as I get there.我一到达那里就给你电话。The train takes off at nine.飞机九点起飞。一般过去时did表示在过去某时间发生的事、存在的状态或过去反复发生的动作He worked in a factory in 1986. 1986年他在一家工厂工作。一般将来时will doam/is/are going to do表示在将来某个时间要发生的动作或状态They will appear later.他们稍晚会露面。It is going to rain. 天要下雨了。现在进行时am/is/are doing表示说话时正在进行的动作We are having

27、an English lesson now. 我们现在正在上英语课。表示现阶段正在进行的动作Im reviewing English these days.近来我在复习英语。表示赞扬、厌烦等感情色彩(与always, continually等连用)Shes always helping people.她总是乐于助人。(赞扬)表示预计将要发生的动作(常带表将来时间的状语)We are leaving on Friday.我们星期五出发。过去进行时was/were doing表示过去某一时刻、某一阶段正在进行的动作I was cooking when he knocked at the door.

28、 他敲门时我正在做饭。将来进行时will be doing表示在将来的某个时间正在进行的动作Well meeting you at the station.我们会在车站接你的。过去将来时would do表示从过去的某时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态She said her father would buy her a watch. 她说她父亲会给她买块手表。现在完成时have/has done表示动作在说话之前已完成，但对现在有影响。He has been to Japan. 他到过日本。表示动作开始于过去，持续到现在，也许还会继续下去Youve known each other for ab

29、out two years. 你们认识大约有两年了。过去完成时had done表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或已完成的动作或存在的状态How many new words had you learned by the end of last term? 到上学期末你学会了多少新单词？现在完成进行时have/has been doing表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在I have been working here for three years. 我一直在这里工作3年了。3.语法填空中的主从复合句主从复合句是广东高考英语语法填空的一个重要考点，2007年高考的语法填空题就设了两个

30、空。而复合句的考查重点是要求填引导从句的连词。本文重点对复合句中引导词的用法进行探讨,并通过实例进行分析。一、连词归纳1. 引导名词性从句的连接词名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句，引导这些从句的连词有：常用连接词功能连 词that, whether, if只起连接作用，不充当从句中的任何成份，也没有任何意义连接代词who(ever), whom(ever), whose,which(ever), what(ever)既起连接作用，又作从句的主语、宾语、表语或定语等，有词义连接副词when(ever), where(ever)how(ever), why既起连接作用，本身又

31、作从句的状语，有词义2. 引导定语从句的关系词先行词在从句中的作用主语宾语定语状语关系代词人物who, thatwhom/who, that, whose事物which, thatwhich, that, whose关系副词时间when地点where原因why3. 引导状语从句的连词类 别连 词时间状语从句when(ever), while, as, before, after, since, until, once, as soon as地点状语从句where(ever)原因状语从句because, since, as, now that条件状语从句if, unless, as long as目的状语从句in order that, so that让步状语从句though, alt