英语应用能力等级考试写作大纲Word文件下载.docx

1、1、简介书信是日常生活中常用的文体，用以交涉事宜，传达信息，交流思想，增进了解的重要工具。普通高校高职高专应用考试大纲要求考生能写简短的英文书信，并对格式等做出相应的要求。书信一般可分为商务信件或公函（Business Letter or Official Correspondence）和私人信件（Private Letter）两大类。考生写作时应注意遵循一定的格式和套用礼貌用语等。英语书信通常包括下面几个组成部分：信端、信内地址、称呼、正文、结束语和签名等。下面我们将逐个进行介绍：1） 信端（Heading）信端即信头，一般包括写信人的地址和写信时间，写在信纸的右上角。常用并列式书写。写信端

2、时，先写发信人的地址，地点的名称按由小到大的顺序排列，然后写发信日期。2） 信内姓名和地址（Inside Name and Address）信内地址包括收信人的姓名和地址，写在信的左上角，低于写信人地址和发信日期一、二行，与信端的书写格式一致。3） 称呼（Salutation）对收信人的称呼自成一行，写在低于信内地址一、二行的地方，从信纸的左边顶格开始写，每个词的开头字母要大写，至于末尾的标点可以用逗号，也可以用冒号。称呼用语可视写信人与收信人的关系而定。对没有头衔的男性一般用Mr. 加姓氏。例如：Mr. White。对女性一般称呼Mrs., Ms或Miss，Mrs.用在已婚女子的丈夫的姓氏之

3、前；Miss多用于称呼未婚女子；Ms用于姓氏之前称呼所有女士。对收信人的称呼，也可用头衔或职位的名称。.例如：Professor Brown, Dr. Green等。事务信件中，如不知道收信人的姓名常用Dear Sir or Madam。4） 信的正文（Body of the Letter）信的正文是信件的主体部分。在事务信件中，正文一般开门见山，内容简单明了，条理清楚。5） 结束语（Complimentary Close）结束语是写信人表示自己对收信人的一种谦称，位于正文下方一、二行，从信纸的中间或偏右的地方开始写，第一个词的开头字母要大写，末尾用逗号。结束语视写信人与收信人的关系而定。4写

4、给不相识的人，一般用：Yours truly, Yours faithfully, Yours sincerely等等。4写给上级和长者的信一般可用：Yours respectfully, Yours obediently, Yours gratefully, Yours appreciatively等等。4写给熟人或朋友的信可用：Yours，Ever yours, Yours affectionately, Yours devotedly等等。4写给亲属或挚友的信一般用：Lovingly yours, Much love, With love, Your loving son, Your m

5、ost affectionate等等。6） 签名（Signature）信末的签名一般低于结束语一、二行。若写信人是女性，与收信人又不相识，则一般在署名前用括号注上Miss, Mrs.或Ms.，以便对方回信时知道如何称呼。有的还有署名后写上自己的职称、职务或头衔。7） 附件（Enclosure）信件若有附件，应该在左下角注明Encl.或Enc.。Enc: Resume （随信附上简历）。8） 再启（Postscript，缩写为P. S.）再启部分用于补叙正文中的遗漏的话，一般应尽量少用，正式的函件中更应避免使用。书信范例Admissions OfficersGraduate SchoolMass

6、achusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridge, Massachusetts 02139U.S.A.January 6, 2001Kuang JinsuComputer DepartmentShanxi UniversityShanxi ProvinceChinaDear Sirs, I am a graduate of Shanxi University majoring in computer science with a BS degree. After graduation I continued to study computer science

7、 in the Postgraduate Department of Shanxi University and obtained my MS degree in 2000.With a view to further my studies, I have a strong desire to study in your university for a Ph.D. degree. I am also applying for a scholarship or a teaching assistantship if it is possible.Enclosed are my resume a

8、nd letters of recommendation. I hope that you will give my case your kind consideration.I am looking forward to hearing from you at your earliest convenience. Yours sincerely, Kuang Jinsu2、注意事项首先，写信者应设身处地想到对方，尊重对方的风俗习惯。其次，英文信应该行文流畅、言简意赅、避免冗长。这就是说，写信者应用尽可能少的文字表达其必须传递的信息，而且写信者应将其所需传递的信息表达清楚，以免对方产生误解。书

9、信交往，同样需要以礼待人，因而在写信过程中，要避免伤害对方感情，措辞上多选用些礼貌婉转词语。最后，除了避免语法、拼写、标点错误外，信中所引用的史料、数据等也应准确无误。 3、分类说明1） 询价信（ Letters of Enquiry）和报价信（Letters of Quotation）询价信和报价信是在商业信函当中经常使用的信函，其主要格式可参照商务信件的格式。下面就介绍一下此类信函的写法并提供一些常用语，以便考生掌握。询价信是买方对所要购买的货物向卖方询问价格，其范围可包括请求寄送货物样品、目录、及价目表；货物包装、付款条件、保险等相关事宜。报价信是卖方收到买方的询价信之后，针对其询价的内

10、容做出迅速的答复，包括货物的名称、种类、数量、交货日期、包装、付款条件、保险等。询价信常用语：As we have learned from, you are manufacturer ofWe are interested inPlease send your latest/current catalogue/price list.We would like you to send us some samples/patterns.Please quote your price for these articles/goods.Please include information about

11、 packing and shipping.Please let us know on what terms you can give us some discounts.For more information, please refer to/contact报价信常用语：We appreciate your inquiry of November 15.Referring to your enquiry of , we enclose our quotation for the supply ofThe goods can be delivered immediately from the

12、 stock.Our delivery date is approximately after receipt of your order.You feel sure that we can make you a very favorable offer.We shall be pleased to receive your order, which will have our prompt and careful attention.We look forward to your early reply and hope to initiate business with you.真题示例2

13、005年1月A级真题说明：根据下列中文信息拟一封询价信和一封报价信。询价信（letter 1）1发信人：Mr. David Johnson2收信人：Mr. Peter Kevil3发信日期：2004年11月29日4内容：Mr. David Johnson欲购买Mr. Peter Kevil 所在的HP公司生产的激光打印机（jet printer），写信了解有关价格以及售后服务的状况。报价信（letter 2） Mr. David Johnson2004年12月6日 Mr. Peter Kevil非常感谢Mr. David Johnson对他们公司生产的激光打印机（jet printer）感兴趣

14、，随信附上目录以及价目表，并告知HP公司为客户提供优良的服务。不仅如此，如果购买的数量较大，还可以享受折扣。参考范文Letter 1:November 29, 2004Dear Mr. Peter Kevil:We are interested in the Jet printer produced in your company. Would you please quote us your lowest price and state your after-sale service？We look forward to your earliest reply. Truly yours Da

15、vid JohnsonLetter 2:December 6, 2004Dear Mr. David Johnson:We appreciate your inquiry of November 29 and thank you for your interest in our Jet printer. Enclosed are catalogue and price list covering our products. We assure you that HP will offer excellent after-sale service to the customers. Whats

16、more, if you place a large order, you will enjoy some discounts.Thank again for your inquiry and we are looking forward to your order. Truly yours, Peter Kevil2） 抱怨信（Letters of Complaint）抱怨信的目的是为了获取更好的服务，对已出现的问题求得尽快的、妥善的解决。它通常是买方由于对买到的货物不满或者是顾客对提供的服务不满而书写。 书写抱怨信函时，一般开门见山，列举事实以表示有何不满，以及为什么不满，最后提出解决的方

17、法。内容应明确、清楚、有理，语气要简洁、坚决。避免使用愤怒和使对方过于难堪的措辞（除非你所抱怨的问题反复发生，且多次投诉而毫无结果）。抱怨信常用语：Beginning:I regret to tell you thatI am very sorry to remind you that Im writing to complain of bad quality ofm writing to complain of the poor service ofClosing:I choose to complain to you because Im sure you will be able to

18、have the problem solved.Hoping that the matter will be dealt with as soon as possible.m looking forward to receiving your early reply.m sorry to give you the trouble, but Im sure you will be kind enough to put the wrongs right.2001年12月A级真题假想你叫王兰，上月去广州出差时，在一家商店买了一架照相机，并在广州拍了一些照片。回家后将胶卷冲洗出来，却发现什么也没照上，

19、因此，非常恼火。今天（12月23日）给该店写信投诉，并寄回相机，坚决要求退款。Words for reference:be on business 出差，develop 冲洗，refund 退款 23rd DecemberDear Sir or Madam:I am writing this letter to complain about a camera, which I bought in your shop last month when I was in Guangzhou on business. I took some pictures there with it. But wh

20、en I got home and had the film developed, I found no pictures printed at all. I am very angry about it; I have already sent the camera back to you by post and strongly insist that you refund me as soon as possible. Yours faithfully, Wang Lan3） 请求信（Letters of Request）请求信在日常生活中有着广泛的应用，可以是私人信函或公务信函。具体写

21、法如下：介绍自己（熟人可省）；说清写信原由和请求帮助的事项；适当提供相关信息和背景知识。常以I am writing to ask if you can do （grant）me a favor.开头。2002年6月A级真题你是一家公司的总经理，王志明。当地的一所技术学院6月18日给你部门写信，询问是否能考虑赞助他们将在今年夏天举办的为期一周的艺术节。今天（2002年6月24日）你给该校的校长写封回信，对他们的艺术节表示感兴趣并理解他们的需要，但是因为你们有固定的赞助预算，到明年才能考虑。建议明年再来信联系。最后预祝艺术节成功。注意：必须包括对收信的称谓，写信日期，发信人的签名登记本格式。总经

22、理 General Manager, 为期一周的艺术节 one-week art festival, 固定的赞助预算 a fixed budget for sponsorship, 校长 principal, 赞助 sponsor 24th June, 2002Dear Principal, Thank you for your letter of 18th June.I am very interested to hear about your one-week art festival to be held this summer and understand your needs. Un

23、fortunately, I am unable to help you as our company has a fixed budget for sponsorship and new items will not be considered until next year. I hope your festival will be a success. I suggest that perhaps you contact us again next year. Wang Zhiming General Manager4） 祝贺信（Letters of Congratulation）祝贺信

24、（Letter of congratulation）是向对方表示祝贺的信件，一般用于对方有什么喜事或取得了什么成绩，以及节日寿诞等。祝贺信是人们情感交流的一种方式，多写祝贺信可以使亲戚朋友同事之间加强联系，增进了解，彼此关心。祝贺信的主要内容有： 4向对方表示祝贺在正文中要首先向对方表示热烈的祝贺。要写明向谁祝贺、祝贺什么、为什么祝贺等。可以写自己是怎样听到好消息的，听到消息后的心情怎样等。要感情饱满地写，但要简明扼要。 4提出自己对有关问题的看法该项内容要根据所祝贺的事情发表自己的看法、主张，提出一些建议、意见等。如对重大节日或纪念活动的祝贺，可以说明其重大的意义和对所取得的成绩表示祝贺，可

25、以分析一下所取得成绩的主客观原因等；庆贺寿辰的贺信，可简要准确地赞扬对方在事业上的成功； 婚姻庆贺，则可以谈些自己关于婚姻生活的一些认识看法等，以期对对方有所帮助。 4写出自己的希望和美好的祝愿正文的结尾要写上再次表示祝愿的话。如：With renewed good wishes，and kindest regards to you and your spouse。（再次敬候你同新夫人安好。）又如May the years to come bring every blessing to you both.（愿你俩年年福寿无疆。）样题示例Directions: Please write a le

26、tter of about 100 words to congratulate your friend Li Ming, who did well in the college entrance exam and has been enrolled in Beijing University. You do not need to write the address.Dear Ming,We are very happy to know that you have successfully passed the college entrance examination this year an

27、d have been admitted into Beijing University. Allow us to give our most sincere congratulations on this exciting occasion.You have all along been working hard at your professional studies, and you are excellent in most subjects. Your success shows that only hard work can yield good results.We take t

28、his opportunity to express our best wishes to you. Wish you greater achievements in your college education. Yours cordially, 5）求职信（Cover Letter）求职信的内容一般包括以下部分：写信的缘由；个人情况简介，例如；年龄、性别、文化程度、工作经历、工作技能、个人专长等；推荐人或证明人姓名以供录用方查询；约定面试时间，表示感激之情；提供联系方式。通常随求职信附上个人简历和两三封推荐信。求职信常用语：I wish to apply for the position of cashier advertised in todays China Daily.I am very interested in the position, and I am trying to apply for it.I believe that my ability and experience will fully qualify me for the position of.I should be grateful /much obliged if you could give me an opportunity to serve you in the po