初二初中英语句子成分讲解练习及答案Word文档格式.docx

1、动名词和宾语从句也可用作动词宾语。 说明2：及物动词作谓语时，后面要跟宾语。宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象，直接宾语指物，间接宾语通常是及物动词的动作所及的人，间接宾语指人。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前。 不是所有的及物动词都可以用双宾语。有的动词可以跟。give, show（给看），bring, pass, buy等。（1）Our teacher tells us a story. （2）The sun gives us light. 间接宾语如果放在直接宾语之后，在表示“人”的间接宾语之前会出现介词“to”或“for”。间接宾语前加“to”的有： give, sho

2、w, send, bring, read, pass, lend, leave, hand, tell, return, write, throw, promise（答应）, refuse（拒绝）等。间接宾语加“for”的有：make, buy, do, get, play, order（命令）, sing, pay等 （1）I give him a book. 改成： （2）He passes me the book.（他将书递给我。） 改成： （3）He writes me a letter. 改成：（4）He will buy me some books. 改成：（5）She is ma

3、king me a cake. 改成：（四）宾语补足语 在宾语后面补充说明宾语的动作、状态、特征的成分，称为宾语补足语。名词、形容词、副词、介词短语以及动词不定式、分词等可用作宾语补足语。宾语和宾语补足语称为复合宾语。They make her happy.（形容词） I see her dance.（不定式） Well help you to make the Olympics a success.（名词） Please let him in.（副词） We heard her singing a song.（分词短语）（五）表语 表语说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”，由名词、形容词、副词、

4、介词、不定式及相当于名词或形容词或短语来担任。它的位置在系动词后面。I am a teacher.（名词） He is always happy.（形容词） They are on the playground now.（介词短语） It gets cold.（形容词） Be动词（am，is，are, was, were）系动词 表保持（keep, stay, remain） 表改变（get， become， turn） 感官动词（feel，sound（听起来），seem/look（看起来），taste（尝起来），smell（闻起来）It sounds interesting.（sound为系

5、动词，interesting为表语） We should all remain careful. Remain（为系动词， careful为表语） （六）定语 定语是用来修饰名词或代词的。形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不等式或相当于形容词的词或短语等。 单个词作定语时，通常放在它所修饰的名词之前。The black bike is mine.（形容词） Whats your name?（代词） They make paper flowers.（名词） 说明1：当定语修饰不定代词：nothing, anything, everything, something等时，定语在不定代词后面。I

6、tell him something interesting. （形容词interesting作不定代词something的后置定语） He has something to do. （to do为不定式作后置定语） 说明2：短语或从句作定语时，也放在被修饰的名词之后。The boys in the room are in Class Four. （in the room是介词短语作the boys的后置定语。）（七）状语 修饰动词、形容词、副词。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义，一般由副词、介词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来表示。状语一般放在句末，但有的可以放在句首

7、、句中。He did it carefully.（副词） We often help him.（副词） Her mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunday.（介词短语） When I grow up, I am going to be a teacher.（从句作时间状语） He sits there.（副词地点状语）【简单句的五种基本句型】 A. 主语+不及物动词（主谓）The sun rises. 太阳升起来。 The car stopped. 小汽车停下来了。 rise和stop都是不及物动词，因此后边不必加宾语。 B. 主语+及物动词+宾

8、语（主谓宾）I love my country. He helps me. I like action movies. I buy a book. C. 主语+系动词+表语（主系表）Her brother is a driver. We feel happy.（feel为系动词，表示感到） It gets dark.天黑了。（get为系动词，表示变得） Tom looks ill. Tom看上去病了。（look为系动词，表示看上去，看起来） D. 主语+及物动词+双宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）（主谓+直宾+间宾）He gives Tom a present.（双宾语） 他给汤姆一件礼物。 Mot

9、her make a new dress for me.（双宾语） 妈妈为我做了一件衣服。 E. 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语（主+谓+宾+宾补）They call her Mary.（宾补） 他们叫她Mary。 We make our classroom clean and tidy.（宾补） 我们使我们的教室干净而整齐。 He always makes us laugh.（宾补） 他总使我们笑。二、 典型例题写出划线部分的句子成分。 1. Lily is cleaning the desk now. 2. Her garden is the best in our town. 3. L

10、iu Ming is thirteen years old. 4. I like this book very much. 5. The girl on the blue bike is Janes sister. 6. She didnt come to my party because she was ill. 7. Wang Ping does his homework carefully. 8. We will go to the Childrens Palace once a week. 9. They are in the classroom. 10. It sounds good

11、. 11. His name is Paul. 12. We always go to school early.三、 课后练习（一） 挑出下列句中的宾语My brotherdoesntdohis homework.A B C DPeoplealloverthe worldspeakEnglish. A B C D You must paygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation. A B C D How many newwordsyoulearn? A B C D Some of thestudentsin the school wantto go swimming,

12、howaboutyou? A B C D（二） 挑出下列句中的表语 The old manisfeelingverytired. Why isheworriedJim? A B C DTheleaveshaveturnedyellow. A B C D SoonTheybecome interestedin the subject. A B C D Shethe firstto learnabout it.（三） 挑出下列句中的定语 useMr. Mrs. with thefamilyname.Whatgivenname? On thethirdlapareClass 1 and Class

13、3. A B C D I amafraidsomepeopleforgotto sweepthe floor.The mandownstairswastryingto sleep.（四） 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 Shelikesthe childrento read newspapers and booksin thereading-room.A B C D Heasksherto take the boyout of school.A B C D Shefinditdifficultto do the work. TheycallmeLilysometimes.IsawMr. Wangge

14、t on the bus.A B C D（五） 挑出下列句中的状语Therea big smileon her face.Every nightheardthe noiseupstairs. HebeganEnglishwhen he was eleven.on the motorbikeis travellingto fast.With the medicine box under her arm,MissLihurried off.典型例题答案一.写出划线部分的句子成分。 1. 主，谓，宾，状 2. 定，状 3. 表 4. 谓，宾，状 5. 定，定 6. 谓，状 7. 谓，宾，状 8. 谓

15、，状 9. 表 10. 表 11. 定，表 12. 状，状课后练习（三） D D B A B （四） D B D C B（五） C C A B B （六） C C C C D （七） D A D D A （八） us, 间接宾语 a story, 直接宾语 me, 间接宾语 a new bike, 直接宾语 us, 间接宾语 history, 直接宾语 Tom, 间接宾语 it, 直接宾语 me, 间接宾语 message, 直接宾语 初中英语语法宾语从句讲解，专项练习及答案宾语从句小口诀：宾语从句三注意，时态语序引导词；主句一般现在时，从句不需受限制；主句一般过去时，从句须用相应时；陈述句转

16、化that引，一般疑问句用if/whether,特殊问句疑问词，引导词后陈述式。一、基本讲解1概念:在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句，宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可做介词的宾语。eg, He said he was good at drawing. （动词宾语） He asks him how long Mike has been down . （动词宾语） Miss Zhang is angry at what you said. （介词宾语）2.连接词（1） .陈述句转化成宾语从句时，引导词用that,口语中常常省略。e.g, She told me （that） she would li

17、ke to go with us.（2）以 whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句, 主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语从句，从句同样是陈述语序 eg, I wonder if /whether u have told the new to Li Lei .注意：一般情况下，whether 和if 可以互用， 但有些情况例外。 a. 当从句做介词的宾于是只用whether 不用if eg, We are talking about whether well go on the pinic. b. 引导词与动词不定式或 not 连用时， 只用whether. eg, Please

18、 let me know what to do next. Could you tell me whether u go or not? c. if当如果讲时， 引导的是条件状语从句， 这时不能用whether.（3）.特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，引导词用特殊疑问词；引导词后要用陈述句语序。E.g. Could you tell me whats the matterwrong with you? 特殊情况：当do you think后接特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，句式结构应为引导词do you think陈述句语序。3.宾语从句时态a.当主句是一般现在时，一般将来时或祈使句时，从句不受主句的

19、限制，根据自身的需要选用相应的时态。例如：Do you know（if/whether he has seen the film）?b.当主句是一般过去时，从句要用过去时的相应时态。I didnt know （if/whether he had seen the film.）注意：当主句是一般过去时，而从句表示的是客观真理，自然现象，科学原理，格言等，从句仍然要用一般现在时。He said （that the earth moves round the sun.）The teacher told us （that light travels much faster than sound.）4.

20、、人称的变化和标点的使用a.从句的主语如果是第一人称，变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致；如果是第二人称，则与主句的宾语一致；如果是第三人称，不用变化。（一主二宾三不变） “May I use your knife？”He asked me. He asked me if he might use my knife. “Do you know her telephone number？ He asked me if I know her telephone number.b. 宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。主句是陈述句，用句号；主句是疑问句，用问号。 Who will give us a talk?

21、 I dont know. I dont know who will give us a talk. Do you know？Where does he live? Do you know where he lives?二、宾语从句的转化1.2. 当主句谓语动词是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主句主语与从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构。She agreed that she could help me with my maths. She agreed to help me with my maths.2.当主句的谓语动词是know, lear

22、n, forget, remember, decide等后面带特殊疑问句转化的宾语时，主从句的主语也须一致这时从句可以简化成“疑问词不定式结构”。I dont know which sweater I should buy.I dont know which sweater to buy.3.当主句的谓语动词是ask，tell, show, teach等后面带双宾语时，从句的主语和间接宾语一致，且从句是由特殊疑问句转化来时，从句可以转化成“疑问词不定式结构”,或者在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“连接代词/副词不定式”结构。Could y

23、ou tell me how to get to the park?4. 当主句谓语动词是find，see，watch，hear等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语宾补”结构，宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground. She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground. 宾语从句专项习题巩固练习1.Have you decided _for Australia?A. when will you leave B. when do you leaveC. y

24、ou will leave when D. when you will leave2.Can you tell me _ ?A. where does Tom live B. where Tom lived C. Tom lives where D. where Tom lives3.The old man asked me _ .A. where was the cinema B. where is the cinemaC. where the cinema was D. where was the way to the cinema4.I think _ you will like him

25、. A. that B. if C. why D. how5.I didnt know _ he will come or not. A. that B. whether C. weather D. how6.I wonder _ .A. how much cost these shoes B. how much do these shoes costC. how much these shoes cost D. how much are these shoes cost7.She asked me _ . A. who he was B. who was he C. who is he D.

26、 who he is8.Ask him _.A. whose cup this is B. whose cup is this C. this is whose cup D. whose is this cup9.I dont know _ .A. what time the movie starts B. what time starts the movieC. the time to start the movie D. the movie what time starts10.The doctor asked me how long _ .A. was I ill B. have I been ill C. I have been ill D. I had been ill11.The weather forecast doesnt say _.