人教版高中英语必修五知识点详解Word下载.docx

1、考查与其他近义词组的用法异同点。如be made up of, be composed of, constitute, be formed of 等。考生要特别注意consist of要用主动形式表达，不用系表结构。预测这一考点将成为2010年高考考查的重点，特别是用consisting of 作后置定语。7. break down由break构成的动词短语是历年高考命题的重点。考生必须明确break down的几个常见义项，根据不同的语境加以判断。break down，break up, break off, break away, break in等，都要求考生熟知它们的常见义项，因为命题

2、时可能会对该短语直接考查，也可在短文中考查对其意义的理解。8. only+状语（状语从句）位于句首构成部分倒装这是考生必须熟练掌握的句式之一，以往的高考题中已多次考查到。倒装句式有多种情况，该句式为日常交际中较常见的一种。特别提示：only只有强调状语或者状语从句才构成部分倒装，强调主语或宾语不用倒装。预测该句式是2010年高考命题考查的重点。重要词汇拓展Unit 1 Great scientists1. _ n. 特征；特性2. _ vt.&vi. 结束；推断出_ n. 结论 3. _ vt. 打败；战胜；使受挫4. _ vt. 参加；出席；照顾；护理_ n. 参加；侍从；看护5. _ vt

3、. 暴露；揭露；使曝光_ n. 暴露；揭穿；揭发6. _ vt.& n. 治愈；痊愈 _adj.可治愈的_ vt.& n. 控制；支配 8. _ vt. 吸收；吸引；使专心 _adj. 被吸收的；全神贯注的9. _ adj. 严重的；严厉的；剧烈的characteristic 2. conclude；conclusion 3. defeat 4. attend；attendance5. expose；exposure 6. cure；curable 7. control 8. absorb； absorbed 9. severe10. _ vt. 宣布；通告 _n. 宣布；宣告；通知11. _

4、 vt. 命令；指示；教导_ adj.有教育意义的；有指导意义的 _n.指导；指令 _ n. 教师；讲师；指导员12. _ vt.&vi. 捐献；贡献；捐助_n.贡献；奉献13. _ adj. 有创造力的；创造性的；独创的_n.创造；创作14. _ adj. 热情的；热心的_ n. 热心；热情15. _ adj.小心的；谨慎的_n.小心；谨慎；慎重16. _ vt. 拒绝；不接受；丢弃；抛弃17. _ vt. 建造；构造；创立_n.建造；建筑；结构18. _vt.分析_n.分析19. _ vt. 污染；弄脏_ n. 污染10.announce;announcement1 11.instruct

5、；instructive；instructioninstructor12. contribute；contribution 13. creative；creation14. enthusiastic；enthusiasm 15. cautious；caution 16. reject17. construct; construction 18. analyse; analysis 19. pollute; pollution1. put _ 提出2. _ a conclusion 得出结论3. in _ 另外 4. _ to an end结束5. _ .to .将和连接起来 6. _ from

6、 除之外7. be _ with 对严格的 8. lead _导致；通向 9. make _ 有道理；有意义；讲得通 10. _ of view 态度；观点11. be _ to 暴露于12. be _ in 全神贯注于13. _ into 调查14. be _ /_ 支持/反对forward 2. draw 3. addition 4. come 5. link 6. apart 7.strict 8. to 9. sense 10. point 11. exposed 12. absorbed 13. look 14. for/against重点短语梳理 1. _ its cause _

7、its cure was understood.人们不但不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。2. So many thousands of terrified people died _ _ there was an outbreak.每次暴发（霍乱）时，都有大批惊恐的老百姓死去。3. John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies _ _.约翰斯诺建议所有的水源都要经过检测。4. _ _ you put the sun there _ the movements of the other planets in th

8、e sky make sense.只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。1. Neither; nor 2. every time 3. be examined 4. Only if; did重点句型再现1. John Snow defeats “King Cholera”.斯诺战胜“霍乱王”。defeat意为“击败；打败；使（计划，希望）落空”。 defeat, conquer与overcome三个词都含有“战胜”、“击败”的意思。defeat 指“赢得胜利”, 尤其指军事上的胜利, 如defeat the enemy（打败敌人）; conquer指“征服;战胜”,

9、尤其指获得对人、物或感情的控制,如conquer nature（征服自然）；overcome指“战胜；压倒；克服”，尤其指“感情”, 如overcome difficulties （克服困难）。【易混辨析】选词填空（beat/defeat/conquer/win）By not working hard enough you _ your own purpose.Some countries may be _ but can never be _.Who is _ the drum?He _ the first prize in the writing contest.【答案】defeated

10、defeated; conquered beating won defeat, beat与win defeat, beat都表示在战斗或竞赛中“战胜,打败（对手）”,后接竞争对手。如beat the competitor/the country/the team .打败对手/国家/队I can beat/defeat you at swimming.我游泳能胜过你。He was defeated/beaten at chess.他下象棋输了。win也表示“战胜,赢得”,但它的宾语通常是比赛、战争、奖品或表尊重、崇拜之类意义的词。如win a race/a battle/a war/a scho

11、larship/a prize/a medal/success/friendship/reward .赢得赛跑/战役/战争/奖学金/奖品/奖章/成功/友谊/奖赏高手过招2. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.但当他一想到要帮助（那些）受到霍乱威胁的普通百姓，他就感到很振奋。exposed to cholera在句中是过去分词短语作后置定语，表示被动，修饰people，相当于定语从句which were exposed to cholera 意为“患霍乱的

12、”。expose意为“暴露；使曝光”，常与介词to连用，表示“使暴露于（日光、风雨等）；受到风险；使面临”。常见结构：expose sth./sb./oneself （to .） 显露或暴露be exposed to暴露于用expose的适当形式填空In summer, _ the sun can be very harmful to your skin.The soil was washed away by the flood, _ bare rock. 【答案】being exposed to exposing3. Neither its cause nor its cure was un

13、derstood.cure vt.&n. 治愈，治疗法；常用于cure sb. of .结构中。 cure, treat, heal与recovercure意为“治疗；治愈”，多用于指药物治疗并治愈某种疾病或改正不良习气。treat为日常用语，意为“治疗；医治”，指治疗病人的全过程或活动。heal意为“治愈（伤口）； 医治”，指治好外伤或烧伤后的部位，使伤口愈合，不用于指治疗感冒等疾病。recover意为“痊愈,复原”，主要是指从病中痊愈了，常与from连用。That will cure him of his bad habits. 那将改正他的坏习惯。There are only two d

14、octors to treat more than 50 patients.只有两名医生来治疗50多个病人。The wound on my arm has healed. 我胳膊上的伤已痊愈了。Hes now fully recovered from his bad cold. 他现在已完全从重感冒中康复了。完成句子Penicillin _ _ _ his pneumonia. 盘尼西林治好了他的肺炎。After the accident, the lorry driver _ _ for cuts and bruises.事故后卡车司机的擦伤得到了治疗。The cut on his fing

15、er _ quickly.他手指上的伤口很快愈合了。【答案】cured him ofwas treatedhealed4. The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals. 第二种看法是人们是在吃饭时把这种病毒引入体内的。suggest vt. 暗示；表明（陈述语气）；建议（suggest doing; suggest that clause）His attitude suggested that he was not interested in it at al

16、l.他的态度表明他对此一点也不感兴趣。I suggested that he （should） adapt himself to his new conditions. 我建议他应该适应新的情况。absorb意为“吸收；使专心；合并；吞并”，常见结构：absorb ones attention 吸引某人的注意力be absorbed in sth. 专心于某事be absorbed by/into 被吞并；为所吸收 Clever children absorb knowledge easily. 聪明的孩子掌握知识很容易。Aspirin is quickly absorbed by/into

17、the body. 阿司匹林很快被身体吸收了。He is absorbed in his business. 他专心致志地处理事务。Most little shops have been absorbed into big businesses.大多数小商店已被并入大公司。 _ _ _ _ _ _, the man walked into a wall. 那个人看报纸太入神撞到了墙上。They were _ _ _ _ _ the show on television that they found it hard to pull away.他们聚精会神地看着电视里的表演，舍不得离开。【答案】

18、Deeply absorbed in the newspaper so deeply absorbed in watching 6. From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died. 病从胃里发作而迅速殃及全身，患者很快就会死去。ffect vt.意为“影响；作用于”，经常表示某种变化，对象是人时，可指思想或感情上的变化。 affect, effect 与influenceaffect 与 effect 均可表示“影响”，其区别是：前者是动词（及物），主要指一时的影

19、响，着重指影响的动作，可指一般意义的影响（不分好坏），也可指不良影响；后者是名词（可数或不可数），两者的关系大致为：affecthave an effect on。注意：effect 有时虽用作及物动词，但不表示“影响”，而表示“实现”或“产生”等。influence 表示“影响”，主要指对行为、性格、观点等产生间接的或潜移默化的影响。可用作及物动词或名词（通常不可数，但有时可与不定冠词连用）。We are interested in the weather because it _ _ _ /_ _ _ _ _ （对我们有直接影响）what we wear, what we do, and

20、even how we feel. 【答案】affects us directly/has direct effects on us6. It seemed that the water was to blame.看来水是罪魁祸首。blame v. 责备，谴责；把归咎于blame sb. for sth./doing sth. 为某事责备某人He blamed you for the neglect of duty.他责备你玩忽职守。blame sth. on sb. 把某事归咎于某人The police blamed the traffic accident on Jack s carele

21、ss driving.警察把那起交通事故归咎于杰克的粗心驾驶。be to blame （for） 应（为）承担责任；该（为）受责备。此处不能用被动语态。blame n. 埋怨，责备；责任take the blame for sth. 对某事负责任lay/put the blame on sb. 把某事归咎于某人 单项填空We all feel it is Jack as well as his wife _that for their sons bad performance at school.A. are to blame B. is to the blamed C. are to be

22、blamed D. is to blame【解析】选D。句意为：我们觉得对于孩子在学校的不好表现，除了杰克的妻子外，杰克也有责任。be to blame是习惯表达方式，要用主动形式表示被动含义。.单词拼写 1. This new e_ for the car works well.2. She has a strong c_.3. The farmers in this area had a good harvest last year thanks to the s_ farming.4. The doctor had my eyes e_ for weakening.5. He b_ me

23、 for my negligence（疏忽大意）.6. He finished his work in a _ （积极的） way.7. We must try to _ （分析）the causes of the strike.8. He became _ （狂热的） about classical music.9. He has _ （完成）the whole job already.10. Be _（谨慎） when you cross the street.【答案】1. engine 2. character 3. scientific 4. examined 5. blamed6.p

24、ositive 7. analyse 8. enthusiastic 9. completed 10. cautiousII. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空1. John Snow told the story about the_ （astonish） people in Broad Street.2. Dont drink _ （pollute） water, because it carries the disease.3. Some of the people _ （invite） to the party couldnt come.4. There is a car _ （park

25、） outside the house.5. We were _ （inspire） by the _ （inspire） news.6. Why are you looking so _ （disappoint）?7. Thousands of _ （terrify） people died.【答案】1. astonished 2. polluted 3. invited 4. parked5. inspired；inspiring 6. disappointed 7. terrified III. 翻译句子1. 不要在太阳下晒得太久，你会被晒伤的。（sunburn）2. 有组织的旅行就是由某人或某机构组织的旅行。3. 到了那时他才意识到造成的损失有多大。4. 每当他遇到困难，他就会想起他的妈妈。（every time）5. 正在建造的那幢摩天大楼比去年建的那幢还要高。【答案】1. Dont expose yourself to the sun for too long. You will get sunburned.2. An organized trip is one organized by someone or some organization.3. Only then did he realize how much damage ha