考研真题附新版答题卡Word格式.docx

1、 6 , instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the 7 . Studies dating back to the 1930s indicate that laughter 8 muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down. Such bodily reaction might conceivably help 9 the effe

2、cts of psychological stress. Anyway, the act of laughing probably does produce other types of 10 feedback, that improve an individuals emotional state. 11 one classical theory of emotion, our feelings are partially rooted 12 physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that human

3、s do not cry 13 they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow. Although sadness also 14 tears, evidence suggests that emotions can flow 15 muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988, social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of Wrzburg in Germany asked volunteers

4、 to 16 a pen either with their teeth thereby creating an artificial smile or with their lips, which would produce a（n） 17 expression. Those forced to exercise their smiling muscles 18 more enthusiastically to funny cartoons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown, 19 that expressions

5、may influence emotions rather than just the other way around. 20 , the physical act of laughter could improve mood. 1. A. among B. except C. despite D. like 2. A. reflect B. demand C. indicate D. produce 3. A. stabilizing B. boosting C. impairing D. determining 4. A. transmit B. sustain C. evaluate

6、D. observe 5. A. measurable B. manageable C. affordable D. renewable 6. A. In turn B. In fact C. In addition D. In brief 7. A. opposite B. impossible C. average D. expected 8. A. hardens B. weakens C. tightens D. relaxes 9. A. aggravate B. generate C. moderate D. enhance 10. A. physical B. mental C.

7、 subconscious D. internal 11. A. Except for B. According to C. Due to D. As for 12. A. with B. on C. in D. at 13. A. unless B. until C. if D. because 14. A. exhausts B. follows C. precedes D. suppresses 15. A. into B. from C. towards D. beyond 16. A. fetch B. bite C. pick D. hold 17. A. disappointed

8、 B. excited C. joyful D. indifferent 18. A. adapted B. catered C. turned D. reacted 19. A. suggesting B. requiring C. mentioning D. supposing 20. A. Eventually B. Consequently C. Similarly D. Conversely Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ARead the following four texts. Answer the questions below e

9、ach text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. （40 points）Text 1The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the mos

10、t part, the response has been favorable, to say the least. “Hooray! At last!” wrote Anthony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-music critic. One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilbe

11、rts appointment in the Times, calls him “an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.” As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least s

12、ome Times readers as faint praise. For my part, I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one. To be sure, he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions, but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall, or anywhere else, to hear interesting orchestr

13、al music. All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf, or boot up my computer and download still more recorded music from iTunes. Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point. For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, cla

14、ssical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses, dance troupes, theater companies, and museums, but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century. There recordings are cheap, available everywhere, and very often much higher in artistic quali

15、ty than todays live performances; moreover, they can be “consumed” at a time and place of the listeners choosing. The widespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert. One possible response is for classical performers

16、to program attractive new music that is not yet available on record. Gilberts own interest in new music has been widely noted: Alex Ross, a classical-music critic, has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into “a markedly different, more vibrant organization.” But what w

17、ill be the nature of that difference? Merely expanding the orchestras repertoire will not be enough. If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed, they must first change the relationship between Americas oldest orchestra and the new audience it hopes to attract. 21. We learn from Para.1 that Gilbe

18、rts appointment has . A. incurred criticism B. raised suspicion C. received acclaim D. aroused curiosity22. Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who is . A. influential B. modest C. respectable D. talented23. The author believes that the devoted concertgoers . A. ignore the expenses of live perfor

19、mances B. reject most kinds of recorded performances C. exaggerate the variety of live performances D. overestimate the value of live performances24. According to the text, which of the following is true of recordings? A. They are often inferior to live concerts in quality. B. They are easily access

20、ible to the general public. C. They help improve the quality of music. D. They have only covered masterpieces. 25. Regarding Gilberts role in revitalizing the Philharmonic, the author feels . A. doubtful B. enthusiastic C. confident D. puzzledText 2When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of Am

21、erica in August, his explanation was surprisingly straight up. Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses, he came right out and said he was leaving “to pursue my goal of running a company.” Broadcasting his ambition was “very much my decision,” McGee says. Within two weeks, he was tal

22、king for the first time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group, which named him CEO and chairman on September 29. McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of company he wanted to run. It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his

23、 aspirations. And McGee isnt alone. In recent weeks the No.2 executives at Avon and American Express quit with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post. As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder pressure， executives who dont get the nod also may wish to move on. A

24、 turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations. As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold, deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a net. In the third quarter, CEO turnover was down 23% from a year

25、ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had, according to Liberum Research. As the economy picks up, opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders. The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional. For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the r

26、ule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached. Says Korn/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey: “I cant think of a single search Ive done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first.” Those who jumped without a job havent always landed in top position

27、s quickly. Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropicana a decade ago, saying she wanted to be a CEO. It was a year before she became head of a tiny Internet-based commodities exchange. Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in 2005 with ambitions to be a CEO. He finally took that post at a major financial inst

28、itution three years later. Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers. The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one. “The traditional rule was its safer to stay where you are, but thats been fundamentally inverted,” says one headhun

29、ter. “The people whove been hurt the worst are those whove stayed too long.” 26. When McGee announced his departure, his manner can best be described as being . A. arrogant B. frank C. self-centered D. impulsive27. According to Paragraph 2, senior executives quitting may be spurred by . A. their expectation of better financial status B. their need to reflect on their private life C. their strained relations with the boards D. their pursuit of new c