物流师二级英文翻译122文档格式.docx

1、其中一个每年只购买一次，他的购买数量非常大，而且他的付款也很准时。与此相反，另一家公司希望减少他的总量，因此希望通过与你购买产品时能够频繁的但是数量少、价格低品质却要较高。最后，你会发现你需要花费很多的努力和投资在他的需求上面。Essay 2 What is logistics 物流是什么？Nowadays, logistics is a favored topic and is widely considered to be an important element for a port citys economic development and business prospects. 现

2、如今，物流是一个热门话题，同时也作为港口城市今后经济和商业发展重要因素被广泛关注 But in reality, what is the logistics? How does it operate?但是在事实上，物流到底是什么？它又是如何运作的呢？In simple word, logistics is how to manage a flow of goods from suppliers to customers in an efficient manner. There are three key aspects to the concepts:如果归结为一句话的话，物流就是将货物流如

3、何有效地从供应方流向客户方。这里面有3个主要的概念 1、Flow of goods Goods can be considered as valuable objects, such as commodity and materials that are exchangeable and purchasable through commercial transaction and processes. Flow can be determined as method in which goods are transported or exchanged between locations, i

4、ntermediaries and merchandisers. Method of transportation includes truck, railway, water, aircraft and pipeline. 1.货物流通 货物可以被看成是有价值的物体，比如日用品和原料通过商业的交易场所和程序可以进行交换和买卖。流通可以被定义为货物在位置、中间商以及商人之间运输和交换的方式。运输的方式包括卡车、铁路、水路、航空以及管道 2、Direction of the flow of goods In the open market place, buyers and sellers re

5、present two polar of a commercial transaction. Buyers are customers; sellers are suppliers. When a transaction is agreed upon （sometimes payment is completed, other times the payment is arranged to be completed at a later stage）, suppliers have the responsibility to arrange for the goods to be trans

6、ported to the customers. 2.货物流通的方向 在开放市场环境下，买方与卖方代表商业交易的两面。买方表示客户，卖方代表供应方。当一个交易成立后（有时货款已经结清，有时货款在后续阶段结清），供应方有责任安排将货物运送到客户手中。3、Efficient management of the flow process The transportation of goods should bear low cost and ensure safety and punctuality. It should not waste customers capital, energy and

7、 time. Currently, the flow of goods is generally controlled by both hardware and software. By hardware we mean logistics facilities and equipment, such as ports, warehouse and transportation vehicles. By software, we mean information system, information standardization and data sharing. 3.有效的流通管理程序

8、货物的运输应该遵循低成本、确保安全以及准时的原则。不应改浪费客户的资产、精力和时间。现在普遍认为，货物的流通一般通过硬件和软件手段进行控制。硬件方面是指物流设备和设施，例如港口、仓库以及运输车辆。软件方面是指信息系统、信息标准化以及数据共享。Essay 3 The differences between traditional and modern logistics 传统物流与现代物流的区别 What are the main differences between traditional and modern logistics?在传统物流与现代物流之间存在什么样的区别？Before 19

9、70,”logistics” as a business concept did not exist. Simple transportation and storage represented the flow of goods, like shipping raw materials in and out of factory. Freight companies and warehouse were independent business unites. 1970年以前，物流尚未作为商业概念存在。只是简单地通过货物的运输和仓储的方式被表现出来，比如原材料在工厂里进出。货运公司和仓库作为

10、商业的独立单位。From 1973, there were great changes emerging in the goods transportation process. 自1973年以来，运输流程出现了很大的改变。Firstly, transportation by means of containerization had become prevalent in sea transportation. The reason was that loading and unloading goods stored in a container highly convenient. Be

11、fore using containers, a 10,000-ton ship could be fill in 48 hours. After containerization was adopted, a 35,000-ton containers ship can be loaded in eight hours. Furthermore, containerization integrates all process, such as packaging, loading and unloading, transporting between locations, storage a

12、nd distribution. Therefore, it is a revolution in the transportation history and commercial activities. 首先，货柜运输在航海运输中变成通行的方式。其中的原因是由于其装卸非常方便。在使用货柜之前，装满10-000吨位的船需要花费48小时。在使用货柜后一个35000吨位的货轮只要8个小时就可以装满。此外，货柜运输充斥着整个流程，例如包装、装卸、运输、存储和配送。因此，它可以算作是运输历史和商业活动中的一场革命。Secondly, information technology is another

13、 great contributor great in the development of logistics. When the information system was introduced in logistics, we find is used friendly and convenient to operate, share and update, which is highly cost effective and time efficient. 其次，信息技术是另一个为物流发展做出巨大贡献的因素。当信息技术被介绍到物流，我们不难发现在操作、数据共享和升级方面无论是成本还是

14、时间上效率都得到了提高。In summary， containerization and information technology distinguishes modern logistics from the cumbersome and fragmented transportation process of goods in the past. 概括地讲，货柜技术和信息技术使得现代物流摆脱了以往繁琐的不连贯的运输程序。Essay 4 International trade and logistics 国际贸易与物流 Now, lets discuss the relation bet

15、ween the international trade and logistics. As you know, trading involves the following steps:现在，我们开始讨论国际贸易与物流之间的关系。众所周知，贸易包括3部分：1、Negotiating for a transaction In this stage, buyers and sellers will negotiate the prices of the goods, payment method and mean to transfer the goods before finally sign

16、 the contract. 1.交易谈判 在这个阶段，买方和卖方会就货物的价格、付款方式和运输在合同签订前作最后的商榷。2、Payment Generally speaking, buyers cannot pay sellers directly. The buyer usually asks bank to write a letter of credit （L/C） to the seller. L/C is a promise of payment from the buyers bank to the sellers bank and it is under conditional

17、 article that are agreed upon by both parties. 2.付款 一般来讲，买方不直接付款给卖方。买方通常通过银行开出信用证（L/C）给卖方。L/C是买方银行向卖方银行提供一种付款保证，它是基于买卖双方同意的付款条款。3、Transportation After receiving qualified L/C, the seller starts to deliver the goods transportation process, which is the core part of logistics. During the logistics pro

18、cess, goods are moved from one country to another by rail, truck, ship, and air. Though FOB and CIF, cost of transportation will be fixed between the two parties. Under FOB, transaction price does not include insurance and freight. Under CIF, cost of goods, insurance and freight are all included. 3.

19、运输 收到有效的L/C后，卖方进入货物运输流程，它是物流核心部分。在这个流程中，货物通过铁路、卡车、货轮以及航空的方式从一个国家被运往另一个国家。运输中的费用通过FOB和CIF方式得到确定。在FOB条件下，交易费用不包括保险费和货物运费。在CIF条件下，货物的成本包括保险费和运费。4、Customs clearance and inspection In the final process, logistics include two major steps. First of , seller will arrange for the goods to be cleared through

20、customs and secondly, arrange necessary documents associated with international customs clearing to be examined. 4.清关 最后一个环节包括两个重要步骤。一个是卖方要安排货物通过海关报关，另一个是安排相关文件给国际海关清关时的审查。Essay 5 Supply Chain Management 供应链管理 Supply Chain is a management tools based on the following concept:供应链是基于一下概念的管理工具：1、A prod

21、ucts can be value-added by a number of different stages of production （ “supply chain”） and through the production cycle, all the suppliers are inter-linked. 1.一个产品通过数个不同的生产工序增加了价值（供应链），通过生产环节，所有供应方都被含盖在这个链上。2、At an individual lever , each suppliers has its own suppliers （services, material and etc.

22、） and customers. 2.单独来看，没有供应方都有自己的供应者（服务、材料等）和客户。3、The relationship between the two suppliers should be cooperative. Otherwise, long-term business cooperation will not exist. In other words, “they are on the same boat” 3.两个供应者之间应该是合作和关系，否则，长期合作关系将不存在。换句话说，“大家是在一条船上的。” 4、All parties in the same suppl

23、y chain should be benefited through the provision of services at a certain breakdown ratio. If the upper stream suppliers earn all profits, other suppliers will certainly make a loss. Therefore, all suppliers in the same supply chain should be managed by some pre-determined and specific rules, which

24、 constitute Supply Chain Management （SCM）, SCM has the following characteristics:SCM is one-way process，not cycle system. SCM links all the members ， including different services and material suppliers and end customers , with standardized procedures through a common shared information system such a

25、s the Internet. SCM will ensure to maximize profits for the over a supply chain. SCM can be used in large company, or a city economy. General Electronics and Singapore are good examples in applying SCM. 4.由于供应服务某些比例的下降使得在同一供应链上的每个部分都获得了利益。如果处于上游的供应方获得了全部的利益，其他供应方必然就降低收益。所以，在同一供应链上的所有供应商都会被一些新的特定的规则所

26、管理着，这些规则就是供应链管理。供应链管理（SCM）具备以下特征：SCM是一个流程而非一个循环系统；SCM贯穿了所有的成员，包括各个服务商、材料供应商以及最终客户，标准的程序搭建出一个类似与互联网式的公共信息系统；SCM最大限度地保证了整个供应链获得的收益。SCM可以被用在大型企业或者是一个城市经济。GE公司和新加坡则是使用了SCM最好的例子。Essay 6 Packaging 包装 Packaging is usually the end of a production cycle and the start of a logistics process. But in most cases

27、, it is more important to the logistics process as transfer of any goods requires transportation storage in which goods need to be packaged into standard and easy-to handle forms. Otherwise, the logistics process will be troublesome, unsecured and slow. 包装通常是生产环节的最后一个同时是物流流程的开始。但是在很多情况下，包装为了今后物流流程中更便捷的运输和更好的储存已经变得越来越重要。否则，物流流程将会有很多的麻烦、不确定以及速度慢。Basically, packaging can breakdown into two major categories. Firstly, industry packaging is to ensure safety transfer goo