英语定语及定语从句Word文件下载.docx

1、He laughs best who laughs last.谁笑到最后，谁笑得最好。（2）一个短语Many lifes problems which were solved by asking family members，friends or colleagues are beyond the capability of the extended family to resolve.许多以前可以通过询问家庭成员、朋友或者同事就能解决的生活问题，是现在的大家庭无力解决的。（3）一个分句The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had

2、some connection with the process of thought，which took root in Europe long before people have realized how diverse languages could be.希腊人认为，语言结构和思维过程之间存在着某种联系。这一观点是在人们尚未认识到语言的千差万别以前就早已在欧洲扎下了根。（4）一个完整的句子I found an old man lying on the ground and I took him to hospital in a taxi immediately，which was

3、why I was late that morning.我发现一个老人躺在马路上，我乘出租车立即把他送到了医院，这就是那天上午我迟到的原因。3关系词引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词包括关系代词和关系副词。关系词有三大作用：代指先行词，引导定语从句，在从句中作句子成分。4分类（1）限制性定语从句它是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句与主句的关系十分密切，书写时不可用逗号分开。如果关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语，关系代词通常可以省略。Do you know the girl who just came in?你认识那个刚刚进来的女孩吗？The time

4、 when I first met Mr.White was a very difficult period of my life.我第一次遇见怀特先生的时候是一个我一生中非常困难的时期。（2）非限制性定语从句它只是对先行词作附加补充说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚完整。这种从句与主句的关系不是很密切，书写时往往用逗号分开。非限制性定语从句一般不用that引导。The old woman，who lives on her own, has a cat for company.这个老妇人一个人住，养了一只猫陪伴她。He whispered to me the news，which was re

5、ally amazing.他低声告诉我这个消息，它真令人惊叹。二、正确使用关系词1关系代词关系代词先行词句法功能who人主语、宾语（限制性定语从句中可省略）、表语whom宾语（限制性定语从句中可省略）whose （of whom/of which）人或物定语that主语、宾语（限制性定语从句中可省略）which物as主语、宾语Those who are interested in the film can contact me.对该电影感兴趣的可与我联系。My daughter，whose job requires her to do a lot of travelling，is always

6、 away from home.我的女儿总不在家，她的工作需要经常出差。名师指津 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。Tom is one of the engineers who are sent abroad.汤姆是被派往国外的工程师之一。Tom is the only one of the engineers who has come up with the solution.汤姆就是唯一提出解决方案的那位工程师。2两组关系词的区别（1）4种只用that而不用which的情况：先行词是不定代词或者先行词被不定代词所修饰时，关系代词通常只用that。Do

7、 you have anything that you want to say for yourself?你有什么要为自己说的吗？先行词被序数词、形容词最高级， the only，the very，the last等修饰时，关系代词通常只用that，不用which。This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen.这是我见过的最激动人心的足球比赛之一。This is the only thing that we can do now.这是我们现在唯一能做的事情。先行词既有人又有物时，关系代词只用that，

8、不用which。The scientist and his achievements that you told me about are admired by us all.我们所有人都钦佩你告诉我的那位科学家和他所取得的成就。当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词也作表语时。Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.上海不再是过去的那座城市了。（2）which与as引导非限制性定语从句的3点区别位置上只能放在先行词的后面位置灵活，可位于句首、句中，也可置于句末搭配上无动词的限制谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词，如see，hear，

9、know，expect，remember等意思上意为“这一点”表示“正如，正像的那样”She married again，which was unexpected.她再婚了，这是始料未及的。She married again，as we expected.正如我们预料的那样，她再婚了。名师指津 as引导限制性定语从句常用于下列句式：such名词as（像一样的，像之类的）；such（pron.）as（像一样的，像之类的）；the same名词as（和同样的）。We have found such materials as are used in their factory.我们已经找到了像他们工

10、厂里用的那种材料。I have the same book as he has.我和他有同样的书。3关系副词关系副词when时间时间状语where地点地点状语why原因原因状语（只引导限制性定语从句）I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.我还记得第一次来北京的那一天。The Voice of China has set up a big stage for young people with a talent for music，where some have stood out among them.中国好声音为有音乐天赋

11、的年轻人建立了一个大舞台，在这个舞台上一些人从中脱颖而出。The reason why he failed in the exam was that he didnt study hard.他考试失败的原因是他学习不努力。名师指津 当先行词为表示抽象地点的名词situation，case，stage，point等，且关系词在定语从句中作状语时，用关系副词where引导定语从句。如果关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时则用关系代词which/that。They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.他们已

12、经到了必须分手的地步。4“介词关系词”引导的定语从句构成用法指津名词（代词）介词关系代词主语可转化为“whose名词”结构数词（形容词最高级）of关系代词数词还可以用some，many，most，each等不定代词替换介词（短语）关系代词状语关系代词只能用which或whom且不能省略，但可与关系副词互换介词关系代词名词关系代词常用which 和whose介词关系副词有时为了表达清楚，还可以在关系副词where/when前加介词from或toRecently，I bought an ancient vase，the price of which was very reasonable.最近，我

13、买了一个古董花瓶，它的价格很合理。He has ten cousins，the youngest of whom is very clever.他有十个表兄弟，最小的那个很聪明。The poor man has no house in which he can live.那个穷人没房子住。Lily might possibly come，in which case Ill ask her.莉莉可能会来，要是那样的话我就去问她。There is a big window in my room，from where I can see the railway station.我的房间有一个大窗户，

14、透过它我可以看到火车站。“缺什么，补什么”，准确选用关系词1如果先行词指人，定语从句中缺少主语，限制性定语从句中用who/that；非限制性定语从句用who。2如果先行词指人，定语从句中缺少宾语，限制性定语从句中用who/that/whom；非限制性定语从句用whom。3如果先行词指物，定语从句中缺少主语或宾语，限制性定语从句中用which/that；非限制性定语从句用which。4如果先行词指时间或地点，定语从句中缺少时间状语或地点状语，定语从句中用when/where; 如果从句中缺少的是主语或宾语，则用that/which。5不论先行词指人还是物，只要关系词在定语从句中作定语就用whos

15、e。6如果先行词指人，“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句中的关系词用whom，如果先行词指物，“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句中的关系词用which。.单句语法填空1Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 _ showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.（2018全国卷）答案that/which根据句子结构可知，此处

16、是定语从句的关系代词，在定语从句中作主语，其先行词是study，故填that/which。2Many westerners _ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.（2018浙江高考）答案who/that先行词指人，故用who/that 引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语。3But Sarah，_has taken part in shows along with top models，wants to prove that

17、 she has brains as well as beauty.（2017全国卷）答案who分析句子结构可知，此处应是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是Sarah，故用关系代词who。4Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got swept into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden，_ it remained until the carrots leafy top accidentally sprouted （生长） through it.Fo

18、r Pahlsson，its return was a wonder.（2017答案where根据句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为“the garden”，在从句中作地点状语，故要用关系副词where引导。5But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid1980s，_ I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvat

19、ion in the wild.（2016答案when先行词是表示时间的“the mid1980s”，且从句中缺少时间状语，故填关系副词when。6Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius，_lived from roughly 551 to 479 BC.，influenced the development of chopsticks.（2016答案who分析句子结构可知，此句是非限制性定语从句，先行词指人，且空格处在从句中作主语，故填who。.单句改错1They also had a small pond whi

20、ch they raised fish.（2018答案which前加in或whichwhere根据句子结构可知，they raised fish是定语从句，其先行词是pond，在定语从句中应该作介词in的宾语，或者用关系副词where作状语。2In their spare time，they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden，that is on the rooftop of their house.（2017全国卷）答案thatwhichwhich可以引导非限制性定语从句，that不可以。3Around me in t

21、he picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments.（2017答案theythat/which分析句子结构可知，things作其后定语从句的先行词，并在从句中作主语，故关系代词为that或which。4The dishes what I cooked were Moms favorite.（2016四川高考）答案whatthat/which或去掉what分析句子结构可知，dishes后跟的是定语从句，what不能引导定语

22、从句，应用that/which引导。引导词在定语从句中作cooked的宾语，可以省略，因此也可以把what去掉。1In the following years，there were fewer dropouts and more college graduates in my village，which I am proud of even today.（2019衡水模拟）2Being in a big，busy building in a country where I could not speak the language made me nervous，but as I found m

23、y way，I gained confidence.（2019六盘山模拟）3The report has also drawn criticism，with some scientists arguing that the data on which it is based is not wide and representative enough to generate a single number for the decline of wildlife worldwide.（2019重庆模拟）4After some time，when both of you have renewed y

24、our confidence in each other，go back to the time when you nearly fell apart.（2019邢台模拟）5Badaling is the most famous of the five sections which/that lie near Beijing and can be accessed easily.（2019淄博模拟）6Beijing Opera has a history of 200 years，whose origin can be seen as old local operas，especially A

25、nhui Opera.（2019天一大联考）7The teen，who is black and only speaks some basic Chinese，has been praised by teachers since he picked up the music as a kindergartener.（2019菏泽模拟）8In addition，due to peoples awful impression of the smoking people，the habit will limit our social network，which will finally lead t

26、o loneliness.（2019衡阳模拟）9As is widely accepted，in the Middle East Arabs greet each other by touching noses，but this is not a polite way of greeting in other cultures.（2019常德模拟）10The products，several of which have been recently introduced，seem to be well accepted.（2019武汉模拟）1I wanted to swim in the riv

27、er，which some women villagers were washing clothes.（2019石家庄模拟）whichwhere2Then Mr.Green read some views of the play，that said it was a terrible one.（2019邢台模拟）thatwhich3I kept running until I got to a bookstore which I could wait until the rain stopped and at the same time I could read my favorite boo

28、ks.（2019巴彦淖尔模拟）whichwhere或which前加in4First，Id like to express our sincere thanks to all the teachers and host families which have given us a lot of help both in life and in study.（2019成都模拟）whichthat/who5Mistakes are the best teachers which guide us through difficulties. （20196Firstly，list all the tasks which must be done and decide which one requires immediate attention.（2019沈阳模拟）第一个whichthat7On the other hand，I can see the singers stories，who are so inspiring.（2019宜昌模拟）whowhich8Its a really beautiful school in our city，that many flower