高一时间状语从句与原因状语从句外研Word格式.docx

1、主现从不现；主过从四过；主将从现。when, while和as的区别when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。并且when有时表示“就在那时”。When she came in, I stopped eating.她进来时，我停止吃饭。（瞬时动词）When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.当我住在农村时，我常常为他担水。（延续性的动词）We were about to leave when he came in.我们就要离开，就在那时他进来了。While引导的从句的谓语动作必须

2、是延续性的，并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生（或者相对应）。并且while有时还可以表示对比。While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. （was reading是延续性的动词，was reading和was watching同时发生） 。I like playing football while you like playing basketball.我喜欢踢足球，而你喜欢打篮球。（对比）As表示“一边一边”，as引导的动作是延续性的动作，一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生；as也可以强调“一先一后。We always s

3、ing as we walk.我们总是边走边唱。（as表示“一边一边”）As we were going out, it began to snow.当我们出门时，开始下雪了。（as强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生，而不强调开始下雪的特定时间）2.由before和after引导的时间状语从句。注意before引导的从句不再用否定式的谓语，并且当before引导的从句位于主句之后，有时译成“就，才”。还要注意主句和从句之间的时间关系。当主句用将来时，从句总是用现在时；如果before引导的主句谓语用的是过去完成时，则从句动词多用一般过去时，这样以便体现动作发生的先后。After表示主句动作发生在从

4、句动作之后。主句和 从句的动作的时间关系正好与before引导的从句相反。It will be four days before they come back. 他们要过四天才能回来。Einstein almost knocked me down before he saw me.爱因斯坦几乎把我撞倒才看到我。My father had left for Canada just before the letter arrived.我父亲恰好在信到之前去加拿大了。They had not been married four months before they were divorced. 他们

5、结婚还不到四个月就离婚了。After you think it over, please let me know what you decide.你仔细考虑过以后，告诉我你是怎样决定的。After we had finished the work, we went home.完成工作之后，我们回家了。（从句用过去完成时，主句用一般过去时）3.由till或until引导的时间状语从句。till和until一般情况下两者可以互换，但是在强调句型中多用until。并且要注意的是：如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时，必须用否定形式；如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时，用肯定或否定形式都可以，但表达的意思

6、不同。till不可以用在句首，而until可以放在句首。I didnt go to bed until（till）my father came back.直到我父亲回来我才上床睡觉。It was not until the meeting was over that he began to teach me English.直到散会之后他才开始教我英语。I worked until he came back.我工作到他回来为止。I didnt work until he came back.他回来我这才开始工作。Please wait until I arrived.在我到达之前请等我。4.由

7、since引导的时间状语从句。 since引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。一般情况下，从句谓语动词用一般过去时，而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时。但在It is +时间+since从句的句型中，主句多用一般过去式。I have been in Beijing since you left. 自从你离开以来，我一直在北京了。Where have you been since I last saw you? 自上次我和你见面以后，你到哪里去了？It is four years since my sister lived in Beijing. 我妹妹不在北京住有四年了。It

8、is five months since our boss was in Beijing.我们老板离开北京有五个月了。5.由as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the instant, the minute, 等引导的时间状语从句。这些连词都表示“一就”。I will go there directly I have finished my breakfast. 吃完早饭，我立即到那里去。The moment I heard the news, I hastened to the spot.我一听到消息，马上赶到了

9、出事地点。As soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you up. 我一到加拿大，就给你来电话。注意：hardly（scarcely, rarely）when / before, no soonerthan相当于as soon as之意。主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。当hardly, scarcely, rarely和no sooner位于句首时，主句应用倒装语序。He had no sooner arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey. 他刚到家，就被邀请开始另一旅程。No

10、 sooner had the sun shown itself above the horizon than he got out of bed to commence work.太阳刚从地平线上升起，他就起床劳动去了。Hardly had I sat down when he stepped in.我刚坐下，他就进来了。He had hardly fallen asleep when he felt a soft touch on his shoulder.这个阿拉伯人刚要入睡就感到肩膀上被轻轻一触。6.由by the time引导的时间状语从句。注意时态的变化：在一般情况下，如果从句的谓

11、语动词用一般过去时，主句的谓语动词用过去完成时；如果从句的谓语动词用一般现在时，主句的谓语动词用将来完成时。By the time you came back, I had finished this book.到你回来时，我已经写完这本书了。By the time you come here tomorrow, I will have finished this work. 你明天来这儿的时候，我将已经完成此工作了。7.由each time, every time和whenever引导的时间状语从句。Each time he came to Harbin, he would call on

12、me. 他每次来哈尔滨，总是来看我。Whenever that man says “To tell the truth”, I suspect that hes about to tell a lie.每当那个人说“说实在话”的时候，我猜想他就要说谎了。You grow younger every time I see you. 每次遇到你，见你更年轻了。8.由as long as和so long as引导的时间状语从句。这两个连词表示“只要”。You can go where you like as long as you get back before dark. 你可以随意到哪里去，只要

13、在天黑以前回来就行。I will fight against these conditions as long as there is a breath in my body! 只要我一息尚存，我就要反对这种境况。这是一般现在，一般过去，现在进行，过去进行，现在完成，过去完成，现在完成进行，一般将来，过去将来时的时间状语:1.Often,usually-动词原型do, does, am, is, are2.yesterday, last Sunday, in the past-动词过去式did, was, were3.now-be + doing4.while,at that time,-wa

14、s doing, were doing5.since从句,for 2 days,-have done, have been+过去的某个时间点-had done, had been7.与现在完成相似-have been+持续动词ing形式8.一切表示将来的时间状语，in+一段时间-将来要发生的一般性动作,will, shall+原型9.与一般将来时相似-would+原型时间状语一般现在时 every, sometimes, at , on Sunday,一般过去时yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982, just now

15、一般将来时 next, tomorrow, in+时间,现在完成时 for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always, recently过去完成时before, by, until, when, after, once, as soon as过去进行时 this morning, the whole morning, all day, yesterday, from nine to ten last evening when, while将来进行时 soon, tom

16、orrow, this evening, on Sunday, by this time, tomorrow, in two days, tomorrow evening从属连词引导时间状语从句的普通类从属连词有when（当时），while（在期间），as（当，一边一边），before（在之前），after（在之后），since（从以来），till/until（直到），whenever（无论何时），as soon as（一就）等。如：When I went into the classroom, he was reading. 当我走进教室时，他正在看书。He read a newspaper

17、 as he went along.他边走边看报纸。We must strike while the iron is hot. 我们必须趁热打铁。I will tell you after they leave. 等他们走后我再告诉你。I told him to come back whenever he wants to. 我告诉他什么时候想回来就回来。I waited till/until she was back. 我一直等到她回来。Once time is gone, you will never get it back. 时间一旦失去就再也得不到了注意：在时间状语从句中，不能用一般将

18、来时、过去将来时态或将来完成时，而要用相应的一般现在时态、一般过去时或现在完成时来代替。Ill telephone you as soon as I get there. 我一到达那里就打电话给你。She said she would phone me as soon as she got there. 她说她一到达那里就给我电话。Dont get off the bus until it has stopped. 等车停稳后才下车。原因状语从句一、引导原因状语从句的从属连词主要的有because, as, since, for，seeing （that）, now （that）, consi

19、dering （that），in that等：The woolly shrank because it was washed badly. 毛衣因洗得方法不好而缩水。I cant get to sleep because of the noise outside. 由于外面声音嘈杂我睡不着。Since As weve no money, we cant buy it. 由于我们没钱，我们无法购买它。Seeing that its raining, wed better stay indoors. 既然外边在下雨，我们最好待在室内。Now that you are here, youd bett

20、er stay. 你既然来了，最好还是留下吧（既来之，则安之）。【注】除以上提到的大家比较熟悉的引导原因状语从句的从属连词外，when有时也可引导原因状语从句（when表示“既然”）I wont tell you when you wont listen. 既然你不想听，我就不告诉你了。二、关于notbecause结构该结构中的否定词有时否定主句，有时否定从句，一般要根据句子的意思作出正确或合乎逻辑的理解。若not否定主句，最好在because之前用逗号，否则会引起歧义，如下句在没有特定上下文时就有两种解释：I didnt go because I was afraid. 我没有去是因为怕。/

21、 我不是因为怕才去。不过若because之前有just修饰，一般认为not 是否定从句的：You shouldnt get angry just because some people speak ill of you. 你不要因为有人说你坏话而生气。三、because习惯上不与so连用汉语习惯上说“因为所以”，但英语习惯上却不能将 so与because 连用：因为下雨，所以我们呆在家里。正：Because it was raining, we stayed at home. / It was raining, so we stayed at home.误：Because it was rai

22、ning, so we stayed at home.四、because 从句与 because of短语的转换Because引导的原因状语从句有时可与because of 短语转换，because of后加的原因可以为好或坏He cant come because he is ill. / He cant come because of his illness. 他因病不能来。I said nothing about it because his wife was there. / I said nothing about it because of his wifes being ther

23、e. 因为他妻子在那儿，我对此事只字未提。比较：because, since, as和for1） because语势最强，表示不知道的原因用because，即说话人认为听话人不知道。因此because从句是全句最重要的部分，通常被放置于主语之后。 当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用as或 since。t go, because I was afraid.Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.2）for虽然表示不知道的原因，但因语气比because弱得多，是可说可不说的话，只能位于主语之后，这时，for是并

24、列连词，如果不是因果关系，而是对前面主语内容加以解释或推断时，只能用for。He is absent today, because / for he is ill.He must be ill, for he is absent today.用法：原因状语从句表原因， 以下逐一介绍中考、高考中常见的原因状语从句的引导词：1. because引导的原因状语从句一般放于主句之后， because表示直接原因， 语气最强， 最适合回答 why引导的疑问句。I do it because I like it. 我做这件事是因为我喜欢。 “not . because”结构中的not否定的是because

25、引导的整个从句， 例如：The country is not strong because it is large. 国强不在大。2. since引导的原因状语从句一般放于主句之前表示已知的、 显然的理由（通常被翻译成“既然”）， 较为正式， 语气比because弱。Since you are free today, you had better help me with my mathematics. 既然今天你休息， 你最好帮我补习数学。 seeing （that）, now （that）, considering （that）, in that这几个词汇与since引导的原因状语从句意思

26、相近， 都表示“既然”。 Seeing （that） he refused to help us, theres no reason that we should now help him. 他既然曾经拒绝帮助我们，我们现在没有理由要来帮助他。/ Now （that） you are grown up, you should not rely on your parents. 既然你长大了，就不应该依靠你的父母了。/ Considering （that） everybody is here, lets begin our discussion. 既然大家都到了， 我们就开始讨论吧。/ In t

27、hat he is ill, he feels unable to do it. 因为有病，他觉得做不了那件事。3. as 引导原因状语从句时表示附带说明的“双方已知的原因”， 语气比since弱， 较为正式， 位置较为灵活（常放于主句之前）。 As it is raining, youd better take a taxi. 既然在下雨， 你最好乘出租汽车。/ As you are tired, you had better rest. 既然累了， 你最好休息一下。/ I went to bed early, as I was exhausted. 我睡得早， 因为我筋疲力尽了。4. fo

28、r引导的是并列句表示原因但并不说明主句行为发生的直接原因， 只提供一些辅助性的补充说明， for引导的并列句只能放于主句之后并且必须用逗号将其与主句隔开。He could not have seen me, for I was not there. 他不可能见过我， 因为我不在那里。二、典型例题一、基础听力Words1.Listen and fill in the blanks with the words that you hear.（1） I am _ down my thoughts about it.（2） Everyone knows that the sun _ in the east.（3） That old man has fallen down and _ himself.（4） I have had t