1、HSK 一级语法点一、 疑问代词“什么”。The Interrogative Pronoun “什么”。 疑问代词“什么”表示疑问,用在疑问句中可直接做宾语,或者与后者名词性成分一起做宾语。 The interrogative pronoun “什么”is used in interrogative sentence,serving as the object by itself or together with a nominal element following it.For example(1)你叫什么名字。(2)这(zh,this)是什么?(3)这(zh,this)是什么(sh ,b
2、ook)?二、 “是”字句。The“是”Sentence。“是”字句是由“是”构成的判断句,由于表达人或事物等于什么或者属于什么,其否定形式是在“是”前加上否定副词“不”。例如:A “是”sentence is a determinative sentence with is “是”,indicating what somebody or something equals or belong to。The negative sentence is formed by adding the negative adverb “不”before “是”。For example SubjectPred
3、icate(不)是Noun/Noun Phrase李月是老师我是美国人我不是老师三、 用“吗”疑问句。Interrogative Sentence with“吗”疑问助词“吗”,表示疑问语气,用在陈述句句尾构成疑问句。例如:The particle “吗”indicate an interrogative mood。When “吗”is added at the end of a declarative sentence,the declarative sentence turn into a question。For example:SubjectPredicateVerbNoun/Noun
4、 Phrase吗?你是中国人吗?你是美国人吗?你是老师吗?四、 疑问代词“谁”、“哪”The Interrogative Pronouns “谁”and“哪” (一)、 疑问代词“谁”在疑问句中用来询问人。例如: The interrogative pronoun “谁” is used to ask about the name or identity of a person。For example:SubjectVerbObject谁是李月?他是谁?她是谁?(二) 、疑问代词“哪”用在疑问句中的结构形式为:哪+量词/名词+名词。例如 When the interrogative prono
5、un “哪” is used in a question ,the structure is “哪 +measure word /noun+noun ”For example :(1) 哪本(bn,a measure word for books)书(sh,book)?(2) 哪个(g,a general measure word )人?(3) 你是哪国人?五、 结构助词“的” The structural particle“的” 名词/代词+的+名词表达一种所属关系。当“的”后的名词是亲属称谓或者指人的名词时,“的”可以省略。例如: The structure “noun/pronoun+的
6、+noun”indicate possession.When the noun following “的” is a tern of kinship or indicate a person ,“的” can be omitted .For example : (1)李月是我的汉语老师。 (2)这(zh,this)是我的书(sh,book)。 (3)她不是我同学,她是我朋友。六、 疑问助词“呢”(1)The Interrogative Particle“呢”(1) 疑问助词“呢”用在名词后或代词后构成疑问句,用于询问上文提到的情况。常用的句式是:A.。B 呢?例如:The Interrogat
7、ive particle “呢”is used after a noun or pronoun,forming a question about the situation mentioned previously .The commonly used sentence pattern is “A.。B呢?”(A.。What about B).For example:(1) 我不是老师,我是学生。你呢?(2) 她叫李月,他呢?(3) 我是美国人。你呢?七、 疑问代词“几” The Interrogative Pronoun “几”疑问代词“几”是用来询问数量的多少,一般用于询问10以下的数字。
8、例如:The interrogative pronoun“几”is used to ask about a number ,usually less than 10.For example (1) 你有几个汉语老师?(2) 李老师家有几口人?(3) 你女儿几岁了?八、百以内的数字Number below 1001 y2 r3 sn4 s5 w6 li7 q8 b9 ji10 sh20 r sh23r sh sn30 sn sh40 s sh50 w sh56W li60 li sh70 q sh80 b sh88bshb90 ji sh99jishji九、 “了”表变化 “了”Indicati
9、ng a Change“了:用于句末,表示变化或新情况的出现。例如:“了”is used at the end of a sentence to indicate a change or the occurrence of a new situation .For example :(1) 李老师今年50 岁了。(2) 我朋友的女儿今年四岁了。(3) 你女儿几岁了?十、 “多+大”表示疑问 The Interrogative Phrase“多+大” “多+大”在句子中表示疑问,用于询问年龄。例如: “多+大”is used to ask about ones age.For example :
10、(1) 你多大了?(2) 你女儿今年多大了?(3) 李老师多大了?十一、 能愿动词“会”(1)The Modal Verb“会”(1) 能愿动词“会”用在动词前表示通过学习而获得某种能力,它的否定形式是“不会”。例如: The modal verb “会”is used before a verb,indicating acquiring ability through learning。Its negative form is“不会”。For example: Subject(不)会Verb我会写汉字我不会做中国菜你妈妈会说汉语吗?十二、 形容词谓语句 Sentence with an Ad
11、jectival Predicate 形容词可以用在 主语+程度副词+形容词 这个结构中,描述人或者事物的性质或者状态,程度副词经常用“很”。否定形式为 主语+不+形容词。例如:Used in the structure ”subject+adverb of degree +adjective”,the adjective describes the nature or state of somebody or something,usually following the adverb of degree “很”。The negative form is“subject +不 +adject
12、ive”。For example:SubjectAdverb of Degree/不Adjective我很好我妈妈的汉语不好中国菜很好吃十三、 疑问代词“怎么”(1) The Interrogative Pronoun “怎么”(1) 疑问代词“怎么”用在动词前,询问动作的方式。例如 The Interrogative pronoun“怎么”is used before a verb to ask about the manner of an action。For example:(1) 这个汉字怎么读?(2) 你的汉语名字怎么写?(3) 这个字怎么写?十四、 日期的表达(1):月、日(r,d
13、ate)/号、星期 Express of a Date(1):month,date,day of the week汉语的日期表达方式遵循由大小的原则,先说“月”,然后说“日/号”,最后说“星期”。口语一般常用“号”。例如:The way to say a date in Chinese observed the principle of “the bigger unit coming before the smaller one “,The month is said first ,then the date and finally the day of the week.In spoken
14、Chinese ,“号”is often used instead of“日”to express the date .For example :(1)9月1号,星期三。(2)9月2号,星期四。(3)8月31号,星期二。十五、 名词谓语句 是Sentence with a Nominal Predicate 名词谓语句是谓语部分由名词性成分充当的句子,一般用于表达年龄、时间、日期等。例如:A sentence with a nominal Predicate is a sentence whose Predicate is a nominal element。It is usually used to indicate age,time,date and so on。For exampleSubjectPredicate我的汉语老师33岁明天星期二今天9月1号 十六、连动句(1):去+地方+做什么Sentence with a Serial Verb Construct
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