中考英语语法知识总结全文档格式.docx

1、I have read this article in some magazine.Please correct the mistakes, if any.4） some和数词连用表示“大约”，any可与比较级连用表示程度。There are some 3,000 students in this school.Do you feel any better today?2. each和every:each强调个别，代表的数可以是两个或两个以上，而every强调整体，所指的数必须是三个或三个以上。Each student has a pocket dictionary. / Each （of u

2、s） has a dictionary. / We each have a dictionary.Every student has strong and weak points. / Every one of us has strong and weak points.3. none和no：no等于not any，作定语。none作主语或宾语，代替不可数名词，谓语用单数，代替可数名词，谓语单复数皆可以。There is no water in the bottle.How much water is there in the bottle? None.None of the students

3、 are （is） afraid of difficulties.4. other和another:1） other泛指“另外的，别的”常与其他词连用，如：the other day, every other week, some other reason, no other way, the other特指两者中的另外一个，复数为the others。如：He held a book in one hand and his notes in the other.Two students in our class failed, but all the others passed the ex

4、am.2） another指“又一个，另一个”无所指，复数形式是others，泛指“别的人或事”如：I dont like this shirt, please show me another （one）.The trousers are too long, please give me another pair / some others.Some like football, while others like basketball.5. all和both, neither和eitherall表示不可数名词时，其谓语动词用单数。both和all加否定词表示部分否定，全部否定用neither

5、和none.All of the books are not written in English. / Not all of the books are written in English.Both of us are not teachers. / Not both of us are teachers. / Either of us is a teacher.四形容词和副词形容词：1. 形容词的位置：1） 形容词作定语通常前置，但在下列情况后置：修饰some, any, every, no和body, thing, one等构成的复合不定代词时nobody absent, everyt

6、hing possible以-able, -ible结尾的形容词可置于有最高级或only修饰的名词之后the best book available, the only solution possiblealive, alike, awake, aware, asleep等可以后置the only person awake和空间、时间、单位连用时a bridge 50 meters long成对的形容词可以后置a huge room simple and beautiful形容词短语一般后置a man difficult to get on with2） 多个形容词修饰同一个名词的顺序：代词数

7、词性状形容词冠词前的形容词冠词代词所有格序数词基数词性质状态大小长短形状新旧温度颜色国籍产地材料质地名词allbothsuchtheathisanotheryoursecondnextonefourbeautifulgoodpoorlargeshortsquarenewcoolblackyellowChineseLondonsilkstone3） 复合形容词的构成：形容词+名词+edkind-hearted名词+形容词world-famous形容词+形容词dark-blue名词+现在分词peace-loving形容词+现在分词ordinary-looking8名词+过去分词snow-cover

8、ed副词+现在分词hard-working9数词+名词+edthree-egged副词+过去分词newly-built10数词+名词twenty-yearII. 副词副词的分类：时间副词soon, now, early, finally, once, recently频度副词always, often, frequently, seldom, never地点副词here, nearby, outside, upwards, above疑问副词how, where, when, why方式副词hard, well, fast, slowly, excitedly, really连接副词how,

9、when, where, why, whether, however, meanwhile程度副词almost, nearly, very, fairly, quite, rather关系副词when, where, whyIII. 形容词和副词比较等级：形容词和副词的比较等级分为原级，比较级和最高级。比较级和最高级的构成一般是在形容词和副词后加-er和-est，多音节和一些双音节词前加more 和most。1. 同级比较时常常用 asas以及not so（as）as如：I am not so good a player as you are.2. 可以修饰比较级的词有：much, many,

10、 a lot, even, far, a bit, a little, still, yet, by far, any, a great deal。3. 表示一方随另一方变化时用“the morethe more”句型。The harder you work, the more progress you will make.4. 用比较级来表达最高级的意思。I have never spent a more worrying day.5. 表示倍数的比较级有如下几种句型：Our school is three times larger than yours./Our school is fou

11、r times as large as yours./Our school is four times the size of yours. 6. 表示“最高程度“的形容词没有最高级和比较级。favourite, excellent, extreme, perfect。五介词介词分类：简单介词about, across, after, against, among, around, at, below, beyond, during, in, on合成介词inside, into, onto, out of, outside, throughout, upon, within, without

12、短语介词according to, because of, instead of, up to, due to, owing to, thanks to双重介词from among, from behind, from under, till after, in between 分词转化成的介词considering（就而论）, including形容词转化成的介词like, unlike, near, next, oppositeII. 常用介词区别：表示时间的in, on, atat表示片刻的时间，in表示一段的时间，on总是与日子有关表示时间的since, fromsince 指从过去到

13、现在的一段时间，和完成时连用，from指从时间的某一点开始表示时间的in, afterin指在一段时间之后，after表示某一具体时间点之后或用在过去时的一段时间中表示地理位置的in, on, toin表示在某范围内，on指与什么毗邻，to指在某环境范围之外表示“在上”的on, inon只表示在某物的表面上，in表示占去某物一部分表示“穿过”的through, acrossthrough表示从内部通过，与in有关，across表示在表面上通过，与on有关表示“关于”的about, onabout指涉及到，on指专门论述between与among的区别between表示在两者之间，among用于

14、三者或三者以上的中间besides与except的区别besides指“除了还有再加上”，except指“除了，减去什么”，不放在句首表示“用”的in, withwith表示具体的工具，in表示材料，方式，方法，度量，单位，语言，声音11as与like的区别as意为“作为，以地位或身份”，like为“象一样”，指情形相似12in与into区别in通常表示位置（静态），into表示动向，不表示目的地或位置六动词动词的时态：1. 动词的时态一共有16种，以ask为例，将其各种时态的构成形式列表如下：现在时过去时将来时过去将来时一般ask / asksaskedshall/will askshoul

15、d/would ask进行am/is/are askingwas/were askingshall/will be askingshould/would be asking完成have/has askedhad askedshall/will have askedshould/would have asked完成进行have/has been askinghad been askingshall/will have been askingshould/would have been asking2. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：1） 现在完成时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状况，但和现在有联系，

16、强调的是对现在造成的影响或结果，它不能同表示过去的时间状语连用，汉译英时可加“已经”等词。简言之，利用过去，说明现在。I have already read the novel written by the world-famous writer. （已经看过，且了解这本书的内容）2） 一般过去时只表示过去发生的动作或状态，和现在无关，它可和表示过去的时间状语连用，汉译英时可加“过”，“了”等词。简言之，仅谈过去，不关现在。I read the novel last month. （只说明上个月看了，不涉及现在是否记住）I lived in Beijing for ten years.（只说明

17、在北京住过十年，与现在无关）3. 现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别：两者都可以表示“从过去开始一直持续到现在”，在含义上如着重表示动作的结果时，多用现在完成时，如着重表示动作一直在进行，即动作的延续性时，则多用现在完成进行时。一般不能用于进行时的动词也不能用于现在完成进行时。I have read that book.我读过那本书了。I have been reading that book all the morning. 我早上一直在读那本书。4. 一般将来时的表达方式：用法例句will/shall+动词原形表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态My sister will be ten next

18、 year.be going to+动词原形含有“打算，计划，即将”做某事，或表示很有可能要发生某事Its going to clear up.Were going to have a party tonight.be + doing 进行时表示将来go, come, start, move, leave, arrive等词可用进行时表示按计划即将发生的动作He is moving to the south.Are they leaving for Europe? be about to + 动词原形表示安排或计划中的马上就要发生的动作，后面一般不跟时间状语I was about to lea

19、ve when the bell rang.The meeting is about to close.be to + 动词原形表示按计划进行或征求对方意见Were to meet at the school gate at noon.一般现在时表示将来时刻表上或日程安排上早就定好的事情，可用一般现在时表示将来The meeting starts at five oclock.The plane leaves at ten this evening.II. 动词的被动语态：常用被动语态构成一般现在时am/is/are asked过去进行时was/were being asked一般过去时was

20、/were asked现在完成时have/has been asked一般将来时shall/will be asked过去完成时had been askedshould/would be asked将来完成时will/would have been asked现在进行时am/is/are being asked含有情态动词的can/must/may be asked注意事项被动语态的否定式是在第一个助动词或情态动词后加not，短语动词的被动态不可漏掉其中介副词。固定结构begoing to, used to, have to, had better变为被动态时，只需将其后的动词变为被动态。 如

21、：Trees should not be planted in summer. / The boy was made fun of by his classmates.Newspapers used to be sent here by the little girl.汉语有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构表示。It is believed thatIt is generally considered thatIt is said thatIt is well known thatIt must be pointed out thatIt is supposed thatIt is

22、 reported thatIt must be admitted thatIt is hoped that下面主动形式常表示被动意义：The window wants/needs/requires repairing.The book is worth reading twice.The door wont shut. / The play wont act.The clothes washes well. / The book sells well.The dish tastes delicious. / Water feels very cold.下面词或短语没有被动态：leave, e

23、nter, reach, become, benefit, cost, equal, contain, last, lack, fit, fail, have, appear, happen, occur, belong to, take place, break out, come about, agree with, keep up with, consist of, have on, lose heart等等七情态动词情态动词基本用法：情态动词否定式疑问式与简答can能力（体力，智力，技能）允许或许可（口语中常用）可能性（表猜测，用于否定句或疑问句中）can not / cannot /

24、cant doCando?Yes,can.No,cant.couldcouldnt domay可以（问句中表示请求）可能，或许（表推测）祝愿（用于倒装句中）may not do Maydo? Yes,may.No,mustnt/cant.mightmight not doMightdo? Yes,mightNo,might not.must必须，应该（表主观要求）肯定，想必（肯定句中表推测）must not/mustnt doMustdo? Yes,must.No,neednt/dont have to.have to只好，不得不（客观的必须，有时态人称变化）dont have to doDo

25、have to do?Yes,do.No,dont.ought to应当（表示义务责任，口语中多用shouldought not to/oughtnt to doOughtto do?Yes,ought. No,oughtnt.shall将要，会用于一三人称征求对方意见用于二三人称表示许诺、命令、警告、威胁等shall not/shant doShalldo?Yes,shall.No,shant.should应当，应该（表义务责任）本该（含有责备意味）should not/shouldnt doShoulddo?will意愿，决心请求，建议，用在问句中would比较委婉will not/won

26、t doWilldo?Yes,will.No,wont.wouldwould not/wouldnt dodare敢（常用于否定句和疑问句中）dare not/darent doDaredo?Yes,dare. No,darent.need需要必须（常用于否定句和疑问句中）need not/neednt doNeeddo?Yes,must. No,neednt.used to过去常常（现在已不再）used not/usednt/usent to dodidnt use to doUsedto do?Yes,used.No,use（d）nt.Diduse to do?Yes,did.No,didnt.