高考英语二轮复习学案非谓语动词的用法讲解 练习版 37页 高考Word格式.docx

1、2. I saw him go out. 被动（not） to be done发生在谓语动作/状态之后或同时发生的被动动作The teacher wanted the materials to be typed soon.进行式（not） to be doing与谓语动作/状态同时发生的动作He happened to be working when the boss came in.完成式（not） to have done发生在谓语动作/状态之前的主动动作1. I happened to have come across your brother. 2. We planned to hav

2、e met each other at ten. （not） to have been done发生在谓语动作/状态之前的被动动作1. Im glad to have been invited to visit your factory. 2. He expects to have been told the truth yesterday.完成进行式（not） to have been doing在谓语动作/状态之前一直在进行着的动作It is a great pleasure to have been working with you.（二）动名词（not）doing与谓语动作/状态同时发

3、生的主动动作或无明显的时间性（可表经常）1. Mike is fond of playing football. 2. Would you mind my opening the window？（not） being done与谓语动作/状态同时发生的被动动作或无明显的时间性（可表经常）1. He told his past without being asked2. Being scolded isnt a good thing.（not） having doneThey were praised for having finished the work ahead of time.（not

4、） having been doneI remembered having been taken to Beijing three times.（三）分词 现 在 分 词与谓语动作/状态同时发生的主动动作Singing a song, he was watching TV.与谓语动作/状态同时发生的被动动作Being punished, he is crying.Having finished the course，we had an exam.Having been warned several times，they became more careful in doing the job.

5、过去分词（not）done1. 可以只表一个被动的动作；2. 可以只表一个完成的动作（即发生在谓语动作/状态之前的动作）；3. 可以同时既表被动又表完成的动作（即发生在谓语动作/状态之前的动作）；1. Seen from the hill，the town looks nice.（只表被动） 2. The fallen leaves are yellow.（只表完成）3. The returned books looks new.（既表被动又表完成）二、三大非谓语动词各自所充当的句子成分 非谓语动词具有各自不同的词类特征，因此充当的句子成分也各不相同。不定式具有名词、动词、形容词和副词的特性，

6、在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语；动名词具有名词和动词的特性，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语和定语；分词具有动词、形容词和副词的特性，在句中可以作表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。（见下面的图表）。不定式：主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾补动名词：主语、宾语、表语、定语分 词： 表语、定语、状语、宾补 附：三大非谓语动词的区别一览表非谓语动词种类特征形式所作成分结构否定不定式vnadjadv6种主宾表定状补复合结构for/of sb. to donot to do动名词-4种-ns/ones doingnot doing现在分词独立主格结构n/pron doing1种n/pron

7、 donenot done注意：当由现在分词和过去分词变化而来的形容词与定冠词连用表示一类人或事物时，可以作主语或宾语。the dying，the wounded等。三、不同的非谓语动词作同一句子成分时的区别 （一）、作主语（不定式和动名词作主语的区别）：1. 所表动作的具体含义不同：不定式作主语多表示具体的、一次性的动作；动名词作主语多表示经常性的、习惯性的动作。To swim today is a good idea Eating too much is bad for your health. 2. it作形式主语的情况不同：不定式作主语时，常可以用it作形式主语，而将真正的不定式主语后

8、置。但动名词作后置主语的情况比较少见，一般限于名词fun，good，luck，joy，use，pleasure或形容词foolish，wonderful，good，nice，interesting，useless，worth等作表语时，才用it作形式主语，将真正的动名词主语后置。In a shop，it is important to please customers. It is no use telling him the truth. 常用动名词作主语的句型有：a waste of time（浪费） no good/use（没有用处）It is/was + useless/sensele

9、ss （没有用处） doing. hardly any good/use（几乎没用） worthwhile（有价值、值得） no（无法） no sense in（没道理）There is/was + no point/possibility in（没意义） doing. no good/use in（没用处） nothing worse than（没有比更糟糕的）There is no need for sb to do sth.3. 主谓一致不同：一般情况下，不定式和动名词作主语，谓语动词一般用单数形式。To see is to believe. Laying eggs is her ful

10、l-time job. Planting flowers needs constant watering.但and连接的多个动名词作主语，谓语动词大多用复数（如果前后动名词的语义一致，谓语一般用单数）。Lying and stealing are immoral. 说谎与盗窃是不道德的。 Weeping and wailing does nothing towards solving the problem.哭泣无济于解决问题。（weeping与wailing均表示“哭”）4. 注意主语和表语的一致性：当主语为不定式时，表语也用不定式；当主语为动名词时，表语也用动名词。Seeing is be

11、lieving. To see is to believe.动名词短语作主语与现在分词作定语修饰主语时的区别：动名词短语作主语时，动名词用来说明被修饰词的性质、特征和用途，与被修饰词之间无逻辑关系；而现在分词修饰主语时，现在分词和被修饰词（即主语）之间有逻辑上的主谓关系。现在分词修饰主语时，谓语动词的数应与分词后面的名词保持一致。The swimming pool is very large. Visiting foreigners were being given the glad hand. 来访的外国人都受到热烈的欢迎。（visiting为现在分词作定语）（二）、作宾语（不定式和动名词作

12、宾语的区别）： 不定式作宾语通常表示具体的、一次性的动作；动名词作宾语通常表示经常性的、习惯性的动作。 Tom likes playing football, but he likes to play basketball today.1. 作动词宾语的情况不同：（1）有些动词后面只能接不定式作宾语。注意下面的口诀：决心学会想希望 decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish设法拒绝愿假装 manage, refuse, care, pretend主动答应选计划 offer, promise, choose, plan同意请求帮一帮 agree

13、, ask/beg, help等待发生付得起 wait, happen, afford失败威胁记心上 fail, threaten I plan to go to Shanghai next week. He decided to help me.（2）有些动词后面只能接动名词作宾语。避免错过 （少） 延期 avoid, miss, delay / postpone 建议完成 （多） 练习 suggest / advise, finish, practise喜欢想象禁不住 enjoy/appreciate, imagine, resist/cant help承认否定 （与） 嫉妒 admit,

14、 deny, envy逃脱冒险 （莫） 原谅 escape / envy, risk, pardon / excuse保持忍受 （不） 介意 keep / keep on, stand, mind Would you mind given me a cup of tea？ He missed catching the early bus. I have finished reading the book. Will you admit having broken the window？ She suggested having lunch at the new restaurant. 有些动词

15、短语后面也只能接动名词作宾语：lead to, get down to, look forward to, pay attention to, stick to，be addicted to, adjust/adapt to, devote to，object to，get to/be used to（习惯于），preferto, cant stand（忍不住），give up，insist on，keep（on），put off，be worth，be/keep busy，have difficulty/trouble/problem（in），feel/look/seem like，set

16、about，depend on，prevent sb. from，succeed in, thank you for, apologize for等。I feel like drinking a glass of milk.（3）有些动词后面既可以接不定式作宾语，又可以接动名词作宾语，如：continue，begin，start，prefer，like，love，hate，fear，dread（害怕），propose（打算），cant bear，endure（忍耐），omit（忽略），neglect（忽视），disdain（轻视），scorn（蔑视），protect（保护），forget，go

17、 on，mean，regret，remember，stop，try，be used to，cant help。具体分为下面几种情况： 、continue，begin，start等后面接不定式与接动名词作宾语，意义上没有多大区别。The teacher said，“You begin writing now，”and the children began to write. 注意begin和start本身为进行式时；或其前面的主语是物而不是人时；或其后面的非谓语动词表示心理状态或精神活动时；begin和start后面要接不定式作宾语（不接不定式）。She is beginning to cook

18、 supper. It began to rain. I began to understand my past mistakes.、prefer，like，love，hate等后面接不定式与接动名词作宾语，意义上没有多大区别，但接不定式表示具体的、一次性的动作；接动名词则表示经常性的、习惯性的动作。He likes swimming，but he doesnt like to swim today，because it is too cold.、forget，go on，mean，regret，remember，stop，try，be used to，cant help等动词或短语后接动名词

19、与接不定式意义上差别很大。区别如下：a、remember/forget/regret to do sth记起/忘记/遗憾要去做某事 remember/forget/regret doing sth记起/忘记/遗憾曾经做过某事 I have forgotten to bring my umbrella. I shall never forget hearing her singing that song.b、go on to do sth表示“（做完一件事之后）接着做（另一件事）”；go on doing sth表示“继续作某事（原事）”。You ought not to go on livin

20、g this way. Then he went on to show us how to use it.c、mean to do sth表示“打算做某事”；mean doing sth表示“意味着某种情况”。What do you mean to do with it？ Missing the train means waiting for an hour.d、stop to do sth表示“停下做某事”（指停下来做另一件事）；stop doing sth表示“停止做某事”（指停止做原事）。They asked him to stop talking，but he still went o

21、n. He stopped to shake hands with us.e、try to do sth表示“试图做某事”（to do sth.往往表示某种目的）；try doing sth表示“试着做某事”（doing sth往往表示某种方法或方式）。He has been trying to get you on the phone.他一直在设法打电话找你。 Lets try knocking at the back door.咱们敲敲后边的门试试。f、be used to do sth表示“被用来做某事”；be used to doing sth表示“习惯于做某事”。Wood is us

22、ed to make paper. He is used to getting up early.g、cant help to do sth表示“不能帮助做某事；cant help doing sth表示“忍不住做某事”。We cant help to answer this question. We cant help laughing.（4）allow，advise，forbid，permit等动词的后面可以接动名词作宾语，但有名词或代词作宾语补足语时，则接不定式作宾语补足语。故这类动词用于被动结构时，应接不定式作主语补足语。即注意下面三种结构：advise/allow/permit/fo

23、rbid doing sth, advise/allow/permit/forbid sb to sth-sb be advised/allowed/permitted/forbidden to do sth. The doctor advise （us） not smoking. The doctor advised us to take a weeks rest. We were advised to take a weeks rest.（5）need，require，want表示主语“需要（被作某种处置）”，后接动名词的主动式或不定式的被动式作宾语均可（表示被动含义），注意句式的互换。T

24、he TV set needs mending again.=The TV set needs to be mended again.（6）be worth doing.结构表示被动含义，相当于be worthy to be done和be worthy of being done结构。This book is worth reading.=This book is worthy of being read.=This book is worthy to be read.2. 作介词宾语的情况不同：不定式一般不作介词的宾语（但but/other than，except，besides除外）；动

25、名词则常常作介词的宾语。I have no choice but to accept the fact. What do you like to do besides swim？ She went out of the room without saying anything. Mary is good at dancing.3. it作形式宾语的情况不同：有少数动词，如find，think，consider，make，feel等接不定式作宾语且其后面有宾语补足语时，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的不定式宾语后置。动名词作宾语带有宾语补足语时，也要用it作形式宾语，而将真正的动名词宾语后置，此种

26、情况比较少见。I think it better to start off right now. We found it no use doing like that. 在动词hope, want, plan, expect, intend, mean, promise, wish的过去式之后用不定式的完成式作宾语，表示本来希望或打算做而未做的事，常可以与had + 这些动词ed + to do结构互换。I hoped to have met you at the airport, but I was too busy. = I had hoped to meet you at the air

27、port, but I was too busy. （三）、作表语（不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别）：1. 作表语时各自所表示动作的具体含义不同：不定式作表语表示具体的、一次性的动作；动名词作表语相当于名词，说明主语的性质和具体内容，表示经常性、习惯性的动作或抽象性的概念，主语表语常常可以互换；分词作表语相当于形容词，说明主语的性质、特征或状态，其逻辑主语是句子的主语（一般情况下，当主语是人时，用过去分词作表语；当主语是物时，用现在分词作表语）。My job today is to water all the flowers in the garden. My job is teaching English. = Teaching English is my job. Chinese is interesting，so Lucy is interested in Chinese 当人作主语时，常用过去分词作主语，但也可以用现在分词作表语，此时他们的意义有所不同。He is frightened.（他感到害怕。） He is frightening.（他让人/令人感到害怕。）2. 注意主语和表语的一致性：当主语为动名词时，表语也用动名词；当主语为不定式时，表语也用不定式。1. 如果主语部分的谓语动词或非谓语动词中含有do，那么