第七节 虚拟语气docWord下载.docx

1、主语+would （或 should, could, might） +完成式表示对过去没有发生过的情况的假设:If he had studied harder, he would have passed the English test.If she had come earlier yesterday, she would have seen her son.大部分学生对上述一般虚拟条件句型比较熟悉，而本单元强调的是下述难点，学生应仔细理解，认真记住每一项的一两个例句。If he were to （should） be elected next year, he would have to

2、show that he is loyal to the people of his country. If they did not leave at once, they wouldnt be able to catch the train.If the policeman had arrived earlier, he would have seen the accident.二、含蓄条件句 有时，假设的情况不是用条件句来表示，而是用without，in the absence of, but for等引导的介词短语或but that，but，or（else），otherwise等并列连

3、词引导的并列句或在上下文或对话的情景中隐含着某种假设的情况。这时，应根据情况判断虚拟语气是现在时、过去时还是将来时, 进而决定采用哪种对应的虚拟语气形式。例如：1.I was in a hurry that day; otherwise I would have stopped to talk to you. （=If I had not been in a hurry that day, I would have .） 2.You could have avoided making such a mistake, but you didnt take her advice. （=If you

4、 had taken her advice, you could have .） 3.Such mistakes could have been avoided. （=If we had been more careful, such mistakes.） 4.It would be wrong not to take this into consideration. （If we did not take this into consideration, it would be wrong.） 5.“I was hoping to ask John to teach me to play t

5、he guitar before he left.” “Im sure hed have been glad to teach you.” （=If he had not left, hed have been glad to.） 6.But for his help/Without him, I should have failed.7.But that we had an accident, we might have come earlier.8.A wiser father would never neglect the education of his children.9.In t

6、he absence of water and air, man could not live long.10.But for his selfless help, we would have been captured alive yesterday. 试做下列选择题 1._ the truth, he wouldnt have lent her any money.A.Jack has known B.Did Jack knewC.Should Jack know D.Had Jack known 2.Given more time and money, he _ it better th

7、an what it is.A.did B.had done C.could have done D.would do 3.This kind of work is hard and dangerous. But_ you would become rich. A.would you succeed B.could you succeedC.might you succeed D.should you succeed4.Any man in his position like thatA. have done B. would have doneC. would be done D. woul

8、d be doing 5.He _ you more help, but he has been so busy.A.can give B.would have given C.could not give D.ought to give 6. I would have gone to the concert last night if I _ to stay at home.A. was not asked B. had not been asked C. should not be asked D. were not asked 正确答案：1. 2. 3. 4. 5.B 6.B 三、错综时

9、间条件句中的虚拟语气在“简要说明”中所讲的一般虚拟条件句，主句和条件状语从句所表示的动作或状态都是发生在同一时间。但有时，条件状语从句和主句所表示的动作或状态发生在不同时间，这时，从句和主句要根据各自所发生的时间选用符合具体时间的虚拟语气形式。1. 条件从句表过去，主句表现在If they had left yesterday, they wouldnt be walking in the rain now.If I had not caught you under the ladder when you fell off it yesterday, you would not be laug

10、hing now.2. 条件从句表过去，主句表将来If we hadnt made adequate preparations, we shouldnt dare to start next week.If I had not visited that country last year, I would not be able to give you a speech about that country tomorrow. 3. 条件从句表将来，主句表过去If I were not to take the examination tomorrow, I would have gone to

11、 the theatre with you last night.Should I not fly the U.S.A. to attend the meeting tomorrow, I would have accompanied my mother to hospital the day before yesterday. 4. 条件从句表将来，主句表现在If we werent to have a meeting this afternoon, I would go to the concert now.Should we not have too much work to do th

12、is afternoon, we would help you with the housework now. 试做下列选择题： If he hadnt gone through good training, he _ the machine now. A. would not have operated B. could operate C. could not operated D. could not operate 2.If the United States had built more homes for poor people in 1955, the housing probl

13、ems now in some parts of this country _ so serious. A.wouldnt be B.will not have been C.wouldnt have been D.would have not been3.If his television set had not been stolen yesterday, he _ it now. A.would watch B.would be watching C.would have watched D.would have been watching 4.They would still be m

14、issing at sea if a passing ship _them. A.did not spot B.was not spotting C.had not spotted D.would not spot （正确答案：1.D 2.A 3.B 4.C） 四、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的应用、动词wish的宾语从句中的虚拟语气 1.用wish 表示现在的祝愿和抱歉或遗憾，宾语从句的谓语 be 用 were （was）, 实义动词用过去式。I wish he were here now. I wish I remembered his name. 2.用 wish 表示对将来事情的愿望，宾语从

15、句的谓语是： would/could/might+动词原形。She wishes she would always remain young. I wish I could help you tomorrow. 3.用wish表示对过去事情的遗憾，宾语从句的谓语用过去完成式（had+过去分词）或could+现在完成式（could+have +过去分词）。I wish I could have gone to the movies with you last night. I wish you had not hurt Jim so much. He is still very depresse

16、d.注：wish后除了可跟上述的宾语从句外，还可跟不定式作宾语，或跟“sb.+不定式/形容词/名词”复合结构，表示一般的希望或祝愿，没有“虚拟”的意思。I wish once again to express our warmest welcome to you. （不定式作宾语） Why dont you wish him to accept the post?（不定式复合结构） I wish you well and happy.（形容词复合结构） They wished him a quick recovery. （双宾语）试做下列选择题:1.I wish I_the book repo

17、rt yesterday. A.had finished to write B.could have finished writing C.could have finished to write D.might finished writing 2.I wish that the weather_not so warm. A.be B.is C.were D.was being 3.Mary wished that she_law instead of history when she was in college. A. studied/could study B.has studied/

18、can have studied C. had studied/could have studied D.studied/can study 4.Kumar can take his car apart and put it back together again. I certainly wish he_me now. A.teaches B.will teach C.has taught D.would teach （上述各题正确的答案是：1.B 2. C 3. C 4. D） 、在表示建议、命令、要求、忠告等动词的后面，其宾语从句的谓语用“should+原形动词”表示虚拟语气。在书面语中

19、，should往往省去。在TOEFL考试中要求不用should。常用的此类动词有：表示“要求”的：ask, desire, request, demand, require, beg表示“提议、劝告、建议”的：move, propose, suggest, recommend, advise, vote表示“决定、命令”的：decide, order 表示“主张”的：maintain, urge 表示“同意、坚持”的：consent, insist 1.We insisted that he （should） be present at the ceremony. 2.The director

20、 recommended that she （should） study more English before going abroad. 试做下列各题：1.Th doctor suggested that he _ there. A.not go B.wont go C.not to go D.no going 2.The director proposed that wages _. A.would be raised B.be raised C.had been raised D.would have been raised3.They firmly ask that medical

21、teams _ to the earthquake-stricken districts right away. A.would be sent B.be sent C. will be sent D.were sent4.It is moved that the experiment _ done as planned. A. were B. would be C. should be D. had been 1.A.2.B 3.B 4.C） demand, desire, requirement, advice, order, decision, recommendation, sugge

22、stion，proposal, request 以及 necessity, preference, plan, motion, idea 等名词，其后的表语从句或同位语从句，也用“should+原形动词”表虚拟语气，现代英语，特别是美国英语，常省去 should 。1.My idea is that we （should） set up a special board to deal with the matter. （在表语从句中）2.Emphasis is laid on the necessity that all the objections be taken into account

23、 before starting a new project.（在同位语从句中） They made it a suggestion that the new parking lot （should） be built near the park.试做下题：1.What do you think of his proposal that the dam _ at the foot of the mountain?A.be built B.build C.is built D.was built 2.The decision was that we _ everything ready.A. h

24、ad got B. should get C.would get D.would have got 3.They put forward the proposal last week that Comrade Wang _ chosen as Chairman of the committee. A.would be B.were C.had been D.should be1. A 2. B 3.D） 、在 “It is （was） +某些形容词（或过去分词）+ that . （主语从句）”结构中，主语从句的谓语也用 “should +原形动词”表虚拟语气。（美国英语中省去 should）。

25、常用的形容词和过去分词有：表“要求”的：required, demanded, requested, desired, desirable 表“建议”的：suggested, recommended, advisable 表“迫切、紧迫、重要”的有：imperative, urgent, necessary, essential, important, vital, of importance 表“适当、较好”的：appropriate, preferable, good, better, best 表“可能”的：probable, possible 表“命令”的：ordered 表“意外”或

26、“判断”的: strange, natural1.It is urgent that the police be notified about those strange phone calls. It was demanded that the matter be referred to a special committee. 试做下列各题 1.It is essential that he _ the dentist at once.A.sees B.see C.will see D.is to see It is required that all members _ present.

27、A.can be B.will be C.be D.would be 3.It is imperative that each of the students _ a pencil ready for the examination. A.will get B.would get C.got D.should get （答案：1. B 2. C 3.D） 五、在as if/as though 引导的状语从句中的应用as if/as though 像if从句一样，也可以引起表示真实的情况，此时用陈述语气。It looks as if it is going to rain. 但也可以引起与事实相

28、反的方式状语从句，用虚拟语气。例如:He acts as if he were drunk. 由as if/as though引起的与事实相反的句子，不论主句的谓语是现在时或过去时，其谓语表示的时间概念和句子结构，都大体与wish后的宾语从句相同。1.Sammy looks as though he never got a square meal, but in fact his parents feed him very well.（用过去式表与现在事实相反） 2.Looking round the town, he felt as though he had been away for ages.（用过去完成式表与过去相反的事实） The old woman held him as if she would never let him go again.（用would+原形动词表将来不大可能发生的事）