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本文(版高考英语大一轮复习语法专题讲析专题七 非谓语动词Word下载.docx)为本站会员(b****6)主动上传,冰豆网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对上载内容本身不做任何修改或编辑。 若此文所含内容侵犯了您的版权或隐私,请立即通知冰豆网(发送邮件至service@bdocx.com或直接QQ联系客服),我们立即给予删除!

版高考英语大一轮复习语法专题讲析专题七 非谓语动词Word下载.docx

1、航海的乐趣与我现在和学生一起上课的乐趣一样多。2016北京Ordered over a week ago,the books are expected to arrive any time now.这些书是一个星期以前订购的,现在随时都可能到货。1作状语的分词要求其逻辑主语与句子的主语保持一致。2如句子的主语是分词动作的发出者,就用现在分词形式(doing)。3若现在分词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前,则用现在分词的完成形式(having done)。 4若与句中主语为逻辑上的动宾关系,且先于谓语动词动作发生,用现在分词完成式的被动形式(having been done)。5如句子的主语

2、是分词动作的承受者,则要用过去分词(done)。3独立成分作状语The idea “happiness”,to be sure,will not sit still for easy definition.幸福的概念,可以肯定地说,并非一成不变,因此很难定义。Generally speaking,the family,not the school,plays the primary role in educating children for life.一般来讲,在孩子的终生教育中起着主要作用的是家庭而不是学校。Considering your health,youd better have

3、a rest.考虑到你的健康,你最好休息一下。有些分词或不定式短语作状语,其形式的选择不受上下文的影响,称作独立成分。常见的有:generally speaking 一般来说frankly speaking 坦白地说judging from/by 根据来判断considering./taking.into consideration考虑到to tell you the truth 说实话seeing 鉴于/由于supposing 假设,如果assuming 假使given 考虑到,鉴于provided(that.)如果考点二非谓语动词作宾语She pretended not to see me

4、 when I passed by.当我经过时,她假装没看见我。全国My ambassadorial duties will include introducing British visitors to the 120plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.我作为大使的任务包括向来自英国的游客介绍成都的120只大熊猫还有其他来自碧峰研究中心的大熊猫。2017湖北合肥一模What a poor memory!I forgot borrowing mone

5、y from him yesterday.But today I forgot to return the money to him.多么差的记忆力!昨天我忘了向他借过钱,但今天我又忘了把钱还给他。1下列动词只能用不定式作宾语,请牢记下面的口诀:决心学会想希望,拒绝设法愿假装。主动答应选计划,同意请求帮一帮。decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wish; refuse,manage,care,pretend; offer,promise,choose,plan;agree,ask/beg,help。此外,afford,strive,happen,wa

6、it,threaten等也要用不定式作宾语。2下列动词或词组只能用动名词作宾语,请牢记下面的口诀:考虑建议盼原谅,承认推迟没得想。避免错过继续练,否认完成就欣赏。禁止想象才冒险,不禁介意准逃亡。consider,suggest/advise,look forward to,excuse/pardon; admit,delay/put off,fancy(想象,设想);avoid,miss,keep/keep on,practice; deny,finish,enjoy/appreciate; forbid,imagine,risk; cant help(禁不住),mind,allow/perm

7、it,escape。3be used/accustomed to,lead to,devote to,go back to,stick to,object to,get down to,pay attention to,cant stand(无法忍受),give up,feel like,insist on,thank.for,apologize for,be busy (in),have difficulty/trouble (in),have a good/wonderful/hard time (in),spend time (in)等短语和动词词组后也要用动名词作宾语。4下列动词或词组

8、既可以跟动名词作宾语,也可以跟不定式作宾语,但意义上有区别,要特别注意:forgetregrettrygo onremembermean考点三非谓语动词作宾补全国One more look and he noticed flames shooting out from under the disabled vehicle.又看了一眼,他发现报废汽车下面有火喷出。2015陕西Back from his twoyear medical service in Africa,Dr Lee was very happy to see his mother taken good care of at ho

9、me.在非洲提供了两年的医疗服务,李医生回来后十分高兴地看到家里的母亲得到了很好的照顾。He had the light burning all night,which made his parents very angry.他让灯着了一整晚,这使他父母很生气。2017重庆万州诊断Alexander tried to get his work recognized in the medical circles.亚历山大试图使他的工作在医学界被认可。1感官动词(词组)see,watch,observe,look at,notice,hear,listen to,feel的宾语补足语有四种形式,以

10、see为例:see宾语)2使役动词make,let,have,get后加复合宾语的情况:(1)make宾语 (2)let宾语 (3)have宾语 (4)get宾语名师点津have还可用于have sth.to do/to be done结构,该结构中have作“有”讲,不定式作定语。I have a lot of readings to complete before the end of this term.这个学期结束前,我有很多阅读要完成。考点四非谓语动词作定语浙江To return to the problem of water pollution,Id like you to loo

11、k at a study conducted in Australia in 2012.为了再讨论一下水污染的问题,我想让大家看一项2012年在澳大利亚进行的研究。北京The park was full of people,enjoying themselves in the sunshine.公园里人山人海,人们在阳光下玩得很快乐。His first book to be published next month is based on a true story.他下月将要出版的第一本书是以一个真实的故事为依据写的。考点总结 1现在分词(短语)作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主动关系,

12、表示该动作的主动和进行。2过去分词(短语)作定语与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有被动关系,表示该动作的被动和完成。3不定式作定语表示未做的事情。 名师点津表示心理状态的动词ing形式,意为“令人的”;动词ed形式,意为“(人)感到的”,也可修饰体现内心感受的look,expression,tears,smile,voice等名词。考点五非谓语动词作主语和表语安徽Ignoring the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.忽视那两个调查结果的不同将会是你犯的最严

13、重的错误之一。It is no use crying over spilt milk.覆水难收。(动名词短语作主语,it作形式主语)To complete the 30storied building in one year was quite a difficult task.要在一年内完成30层楼的工作是一项很难的任务。The queens work is laying eggs.蚁后的工作就是产卵。His ambition is to go to Harvard University.他的梦想就是上哈佛大学。1不定式、动名词都可作主语,但动名词作主语多指抽象的、概念性的动作,可以是多次的

14、、经常的行为;不定式多表示具体的动作,尤其是某一次的动作。2下列句型中常用动名词作主语:It is/wasdoing sth.3动名词作表语时,说明主语的性质或特征;不定式作表语时,说明主语尚未发生的动作,或表示将来的动作。考点六with复合结构With so many people looking at him,he felt very nervous.那么多人看着他,他感到很紧张。With the problem solved,the quality has been improved.问题解决了,质量也提高了。With so much work to do,I cant go swimm

15、ing with you.有那么多工作要做,我不能和你一起去游泳。with复合结构常用形式with考点七独立主格结构So many children to support,they both have to work full time.有这么多孩子要养,他们俩不得不全日工作。The guide leading the way,we had no trouble getting out of the forest.向导领着路,我们毫不费劲地走出了森林。Jim was listening attentively to the lecture,all his attention fixed upo

16、n it.吉姆专心致志地听着讲座,所有注意力都集中在上面了。He came out of the library,a large book under his arm.他夹着一大本书,走出了图书馆。独立主格结构的构成形式名词或代词 名师点津独立主格结构从语法上来讲不是句子,在句中通常作状语。具有以下特点:(1)独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,不指同一个人或同一事物;(2)独立主格结构一般置于句首,有时也置于句中或句末。非谓语动词与语法填空非谓语动词是历年高考语法填空的必考点。如果句中已有谓语动词,并确定所给动词要填写为非谓语动词,就要考虑是v.ing形式、过去分词形式还是动词不定式。典

17、题试做1用所给动词的正确形式填空12016全国.a TV show in the mid1980s,when I was the first Western TV reporter _(permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.22016全国My ambassadorial duties will include _(introduce) British visitors to the 120plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a

18、 research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.32016全国If you find something you love doing outside of the office,youll be less likely _ (bring) your work home.42016全国Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal _ (create) special designs.52016全国People probably cooked their food in

19、large pots,_ (use) twigs (树枝) to remove it.62016四川For 25 days,she never left her baby,not even to find something _ (eat)!72016浙江Are you sure youre ready for the test?No problem.Im well_(prepare) for it.82016浙江A sudden stop can be a very _(frighten) experience,especially if you are travelling at high

20、 speed.答案:1.permitted2.introducing3.to bring4to create5.using6.to eat7.prepared8.frightening应对策略11首先分析句子结构,若句子中已有谓语动词且不是并列谓语时,需考虑非谓语动词。然后分析非谓语动词在句中作何成分,再根据各非谓语动词特点确定填哪种形式。对于不定式的考查,需注意不定式的时态和语态,熟记常考跟不定式作宾语的动词以及一些常考句式。2现在分词作状语,表示自然而然的结果或伴随,且与句子主语构成逻辑上的主动关系;现在分词作定语表示动作的主动进行行为或正在进行中;动名词作主语表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性动

21、作;此外,应熟记能用动名词作宾语的动词或动词短语。3过去分词可作状语、定语或补语,表示被动与完成;若作表语常考的为形容词性化的过去分词;过去分词不可作主语或宾语。4其次,还可以从分析句子成分角度,确定所填非谓语动词的形式:(1)作主语,v.ing形式与不定式一般可以互换,意义无多大区别;但在疑问句和句型“There is no主语”中,主语需用动名词而不用不定式。(2)作目的状语或在形容词后作状语,一般用不定式。(3)作伴随状语,通常用分词:与逻辑主语是主动关系,用现在分词;与逻辑主语是被动关系,用过去分词。(4)作宾语,通常用动名词或不定式,介词后面要用动名词。(5)作定语:不定式表将来;现

22、在分词表进行;过去分词表被动与完成。(6)作宾语补足语:不定式表动作全过程;现在分词表主动或进行;过去分词表被动或完成。(7)独立主格和with复合结构的非谓语动词要考虑与复合宾语的逻辑关系。非谓语动词与短文改错高考短文改错中,句中出现多个谓语动词且无连词的错误;非谓语动词形式错误,如本该用不定式或动名词却用了原形;在介词或某些动词后本应接动名词的却用了原形,本该用现在分词的却用了过去分词等。另外,不定式符号to的多用或少用也常考。典题试做2单句改错(每小题1处错误)全国We can choose between staying at home and take a trip._22015全国

23、I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes._32015全国After looks at the toy for some time,he turned around and found that his parents were missing._42015浙江I enjoyed sit close to the windows and looking at the view._52015浙江The position of the classroom with its view made me felt like I was

24、 dreaming._62015陕西My favorite picture at the party is of my coach and me enjoy the biscuits with happy laughter!_1.taketaking2.wearwearing3.lookslooking4.sitsitting5.feltfeel6.enjoyenjoying应对策略2句中已有谓语动词,若再出现动词,又没有并列连词,注意考虑非谓语动词的形式,根据其在句中成分以及逻辑关系,来判断其形式是否正确。做短文改错时,需注意以下几个方面:1作主语或宾语不能用动词原形,通常改为v.ing形式

25、或不定式。因在短文改错中,只能改一个词,如果主语是原形,就只能改为v.ing形式了。2熟记其后只能接v.ing或只能接to do作宾语的动词。3介词后要用动词的v.ing形式。注意区分to是介词还是不定式符号。4一些固定短语或句式中的非谓语动词形式。5根据非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系来确定用v.ing形式还是用v.ed形式。6别混淆谓语动词与非谓语动词。书面表达中非谓语动词易错点聚焦1缺少非谓语动词的主动与被动意识(误)We thought it wrong for her to_punish.(正)We thought it wrong for her to_be_punished.(误)T

26、he man lay on his back,with his whole body burying in the sand.(正)The man lay on his back,with his whole body buried in the sand.2缺少搭配意识(误)Would you please stop to_watch TV? You have watched it for too long.(正)Would you please stop watching TV?You have watched it for too long.(误)Your suit needs to_i

27、ron.(正)Your suit needs ironing.(正)Your suit needs to_be_ironed.3缺少前后主语一致意识(误)Before_handing in your test paper,it is necessary to go over the whole paper.(正)Before_handing in your test paper,you should go over the whole paper.(正)Before_you_hand in your test paper,you should go over the whole paper.4缺少结构意识(误)Time permits,Ill talk for anoth

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