英语语言学题Word格式文档下载.docx

1、A. naming B. meaningC. communication D. context5） Once the notion of _ was taken into consideration， semantics spilled into pragmatics.A. meaning B. contextC. form D. content6） Of the three speech acts， linguists are most interested in the _.A. locutionary act B. perlocutionary actC. illocutionary a

2、ct D. none of the above7） Most of the violations of the maxims of the Cooperative Principle give rise to _.A. utterance meaning B. speech act theoryC. conversational implicatures D. none of the above8） The significance of Grices CP lies in that it explains how it is possible for the speaker to conve

3、y _ is literally said.A. more than B. less thanC. the same as D. none of the above9） The goal of _ is to explore the nature of language variation and language use among a variety of speech communities and different social situations.A. psycholinguistics B. sociolinguisticsC. historical linguistics D

4、. general linguistics10） Black English has a number of distinctive features in its phonological， morphological and syntactic systems which are _.A. rule-governed B. systematicC. arbitrary D. both A and B11）As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use， and not t

5、o lay down rules for correct linguistic behavior， it is said to be _.A. prescriptive B. sociolinguisticC. descriptive D. psycholinguistic12） Language is a system of arbitrary _ symbols used for human communication.A. cultural B. conventionalC. decoded D. vocal13） A word with several meanings is call

6、ed _.A. an abnormal word B. a polysemous wordC. a synonymous word D. none of the above14） There are different types of affixes or morphemes. The affix “ed” in the word “learned” is known as a（n） _. A. derivational morpheme B. free morpheme C. inflectional morpheme D. free form 15） The syntactic rule

7、s of any language are _ in number.A. large B. smallC. finite D. infinite16） “I bought some roses” _ “I bought some flowers”. A. entails B. presupposes C. is inconsistent with D. is synonymous with 17）The phrase “boys and girls” belongs to the _ construction. A. predicate B. endocentric C. subordinat

8、e D. exocentric18） Can I borrow your bike？ _ You have a bike.A. is synonymous with B. is inconsistent withC. entails D. presupposes19） Of all the speech organs， the _ is/are the most flexible.A. mouth B. lips C. tongue D. vocal cords20）Chomsky uses the term _ to refer to the actual realization of a

9、language users knowledge of the rules of his language in linguistic communication. A. langue B. competence C. parole D. performanceIV. Decide whether each of the following statements is true or false：（1%15=15%）1） Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication. 2） The wr

10、iting system of a language is always a later invention used to record speech； thus there are still many languages in todays world that can only be spoken， but not written.3） The open-class words include prepositions.4） In classifying the English consonants and vowels， the same criteria can be applie

11、d.5） According to semantic triangle， there is no direct link between a symbol and referent， i.e. between a word and a thing it refers to.6）Syntactic categories refer to sentences （S） and clauses （C） only.7）By synchrony we mean to study language change and development.8）The IC analysis is not able to

12、 analyze split verbs like “do sb. in”.9）The relationship of “flower”， “violet”， “rose” and “tulip” is hyponymy.10）A syllable without a coda is a closed syllable.11） Parole refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community.12） Phonology is a branch of linguistic

13、s which studied the sentences patterns of a language.13） Human capacity for language has a genetic basis， i.e. we are all born with the ability to acquire language and the details of a language system are genetically transmitted.14） Only words of the same parts of speech can be combined to form comp

14、ounds.15） Sentences are strings of words put together in a random order.V. Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word， the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only， and you are not allowed to change the letter given.（1%10=1

15、0%）1）The modern linguistics is d_ ，not prescriptive， and its investigations are based on authentic and mainly spoken language data.2）M_ is the smallest meaningful unit of language.3）Langue refers to the language system shared by a community of speaker while p_ contrastd with langue is the concrete a

16、ct of speaking in actual situations by an individual speaker.4）The transformational component has transformational rules， which change the deep structures generated by the phrase structure component into s_ structure.5）In semantic triangle， the relation between a word and a thing it refers to is not

17、 direct， and it is mediated by c_.6）H. Sweet made a distinction between narrow and b_ transcription.7）In the cooperative principle， Grice introduced four categories of maxims.They are maxim of quality， maxim of quatity， maxim of r_ and maxim of manner.8）The strong version of Sapir-Whorf hopothesis i

18、s that language d_s our thinking pattern.9）There are two major approaches to error analysis： c_ and non-contrastive analysis.10）P_ is the study of language in use.VI. The following two are ambiguous in their meanings. Give your understanding of the different meanings of each expression.（2.5%2=5%）1）S

19、moking cigar is very harmful.2）The boy saw the man with the telescope.VII. Answer the following questions in English.（4%5=20%）1）What are the four maxims under the cooperative principle？2）What are the design features of language？3）What are the differences between modern linguistics and traditional gr

20、ammar？4）Why do we say that a meaning of a sentence is not the sum total of the meanings of all its components？5）What do you know about linguistics.参考答案III. Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A， B， C or

21、 D in the brackets. （1%1-5ABBBB 6-10 CCABD 11-15CDBCC 16-20ABDCD1）-5）： TTFFT 6）-10）： FFTTF 11）-15）： FFFFFV. Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word， the first letter of which is already given as a clue. （1%1） descriptive 2） Morpheme 3） parole 4） surface 5）concept6） broad

22、7）relation 8）determines 9） contrastive 10） PragmaticsVI. The following two sentences are ambiguous in their meanings. Give your understanding of the different meanings of each sentence.（2.5%1）The cigar that is smoking is very harmful.The act of smoking the cigar is very harmful.2）The boy saw the man

23、 who had a telescope.Using the telescope， the boy saw the man.1）A. The maxim of quantity1. Make your contribution as informative as required （for the current purpose of the exchange） .2. Do not make your contribution more informative than is required.B. The maxim of quality1. Do not say what you bel

24、ieve to be false.2. Do not say that for which you lack adequate evidence.C. The maxim of relationBe relevant.D. The maxim of manner1. Avoid obscurity of expression. 2. Avoid ambiguity.3. Be brief （ avoid unnecessary prolixity） . 4. Be orderly.2）Arbitrariness； Productivity； Duality； Displacement；Cult

25、ural transmission；3）A. Linguistics is descriptive， not prescriptiveB. Linguistics regards the spoken language as primary， not the written.C. Linguistics differs from traditional grammar in that it does not force languages into a Latin-based framework.4）The meaning of a sentence is not the sum total

26、of the meanings of all its components because it cannot be worked out by adding up all the meanings of its constituent words. For example；（A） The dog bit the man.（B） The man bit the dog.If the meaning of a sentence were the sum total of the meanings of all its components， then the above two sentence

27、s would have the same meaning. In fact they are different in meanings.As we know， there are two aspects to sentence meaning： grammatical mean-ing and semantic meaning. The grammatical meanings of “the dog” and “the man” in （A） are different from the grammatical meanings of “the dog” and “the man” in

28、 （B）. The meaning of a sentence is the product of both lexical and grammatical meaning. It is the product of the meaning of the constituent words and of the grammatical constructions that relate one word syntagmatically to another.英语语言学试题A卷及答案（I. Define the following linguistic terms：（2%10=20%）1） duality 2） displacement 3） phonology 4） morpho