研究生英语阅读教程基础级第二版110课文及课后习题答案翻译Word格式文档下载.docx

1、在其中一部分岛上还有相当多的人使用在英语到来之前就已存在的语言。然而，英语在日常生活中无处不在。所有的人或几乎所有的人都懂英语。英语对现存的凯尔特语爱尔兰语、苏格兰盖尔语及威尔士语的威胁是如此之大，它们的未来岌岌可危。2.He also associated such policies with a prejudice which he calls linguisticism（a condition parallel to racism and sexism）.As Phillipson sees it,leading institutions and individuals within t

2、he predominantly white English-speaking world,have（by design or default）encouraged or at least toleratedand certainly have not opposedthe hegemonic spread of English,a spread which began some three centuries ago as economic and colonial expansion.同时，他认为这些政策和他称之为语言歧视（和种族歧视、性别歧视的情况类似）的偏见密切相关。在菲利普森看来，在

3、以白人英语为主导的世界，最重要的机构和个人（有意或无意地）鼓励或者至少是容忍了（肯定没有反对）英语霸权主义式的传播。这种传播始于三个世纪之前的经济及殖民扩张。3.By and large,we now view them as more or less benign,and often talk with admiration and appreciation about the cultures associated with them and what they have given to the world.And it is fairly safe to do this,because

4、 none of them now poses much of a threat.总的来说，我们现在或多或少地把这些语言看作有利的语言。在谈到与之相关的文化及其为世界所做的贡献时，我们常怀有崇敬与赞赏，而且这样做也没有太大的风险，因为这些语言现在已不会构成什么威胁。4.Yet many people see English as a blessing.Let me leave aside here the obvious advantages possessed by any world language,such as a large communicative network,a stro

5、ng literary and media complex,and a powerful cultural and educational apparatus.然而，许多人把英语看成是一件幸事。在此，我暂且不谈任何世界语言所具有的明显优势，例如广泛的通信网，强大的文化传媒体系，及强有力的文化教育机构。5.English-speaking South Africans of British descent were not particularly strong in opposing the apartheid regime,and the black opposition,whose mem

6、bers had many languages,was at first weak and disorganized.讲英语的南非英国后裔并不强烈反对种族隔离政权，而黑人反对力量，其成员讲多种语言，在初期软弱无力且缺乏组织。6.Such symbolism suggests that the users of the worlds lingua franca should seek to benefit as fully as possible from the blessing and as far as possible avoid invoking the curse.这一象征表明这种世

7、界通用语的使用者应充分发掘这一幸事为我们带来的好处,同时尽能避免招来灾难。VOCABULARY ITEMS 1.sizable:adj.fairly large 相当大的 2.virtually:adv.almost but not quite;nearly几乎，差不多;virture 3.constitute:v.to amount to;equal 形成，等同于 4.aggrandis（z）ment:n.increase in power or importance 扩张，增加,expansion 5.predominantly:adv.mostly or mainly卓越地，支配地，主要

8、地 president,dominate（v）6.default:n.failure to do sth.疏忽,default value.7.hegemonic:adj.of the predominant influence of one nation over others 霸权的 8.benign:adj.tending to exert a beneficial influence;favorable 有利的 9.dispassionately:adv.calmly;reasonably平心静气地，不带偏见地 10.verdict:n.decision or opinion give

9、n after testing or examining判断，裁决,verify 11.straightforward:adj.plain;clear 明确的，清清楚楚的,12.aboriginal:adj.of races of people belonging to a region from the earliest times 土著的,a man of humble origin 13.adversely:adv.unfavorably不利地 14.indigenous:adj.native;originating in an area 本土的，土生土长 15.endanger:v.t

10、o cause to be in a dangerous situation 危害 endangered:adj.in danger of being damaged or destroyed 濒于灭绝的 16.apparatus:n.structure or method of operation 组织，机构 17.descent:n.hereditary derivation 血统，遗传,ascenddescend（v）18.apartheid:adj.racial separateness 种族隔离 19.regime:n.system of government or rule 政权

11、20.vernacular:commonly spoken by the members of a country or region 本国语的，方言的 21.invoke:v.to make a particular idea,image,or feeling appear in peoples minds 引起,造成;22.point up to:emphasize强调,stress;point out 23.take in:to include 包括 24.for good or（for）ill:whether the effect of a situation is good or h

12、armful 无论好坏 25.by and large:on the whole,generally总的来说，大体上;（be）at large.26.die out:to become extinct 死光，绝种 27.lay（put）sth at the door of.:to blame（sb.or sth.）for sth 归咎于 28.leave aside:put aside,to make no discussion of a subject 不谈论，把话题搁置一边,put away 29.crystal clear:absolutely clear 非常清楚的，显而易见的,obvious,apparent Lesson 2 II.Vocabulary Choose the best word from the four choices given to complete each of the following sentences.1.It was a（n）_ task,Sybille recalled,because it was really the first big party Laura had given in her life.A.ridiculous B.rigorous C.accountable D.Mammo