名词性从句十大考点及热点问题整理Word文件下载.docx

1、通常，引导主语从句、表语从句和引导同位语从句时，要用连词whether，不用if；习惯上也只能说whether or not，而不说if or not。例如（MET92）：_ the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet.A. Whenever B. If C. Whether D. That试题中的从句位于句首，不难知道这是一个主语从句，所以答案是C。但是当宾语或主语从句为否定句时，只能用if引导，不能用whether引导。例如（上海高考题92）：_ you dont like him is none of m

2、y business.A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether答案是C，that不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。由于该主语从句是否定句，所以不能用whether引导。三、名词性从句的语序。与别的从句一样，名词性从句必须用自然语序，即使在疑问句中，从句也不倒装（而在主句上倒装）。例如（MET91）: No one can be sure _ in a million years.A. what man will look like B. what will man look like C. man will look like what D. what look will

3、 man like由于从句不能倒装，所以答案只能是A。又如（上海高考题94）：You cant imagine _ when they received these nice Christmas presents.A. how they were excited B. how excited they wereC. how excited were they D. they were how excited 答案是B。同时还须注意，从句的引导词必须始终置于句首，而且how和被修饰的词excited不能分裂开。四、形式主、宾语。当主语从句较长，而谓语较短时，常常将从句后置，而用it作为形式主语，

4、置于句首。形式宾语也只能用it。例如（MET95）:_ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It所需词至于句首，同时后面有that-从句（逻辑主语），可见这里应该用形式主语it,所以答案是D。think, find, consider, believe, feel等动词后常可以带it作形式宾语。例如：Many people think it possible that a trade war between EU and the St

5、ates will happen.五、Who / whoever, what / whatever等的用法区别。一般说来，what/who等含特指意义，而whatever/whoever等含泛指意义，意为“无论什么/无论谁”。例如（NMET97）：It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants.A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever答案是B，whatever引导一个宾语从句，并且作wants的宾语。这里的whatever不能改成what，因为题意想表达

6、的显然是“无论孩子要什么就给他/她什么事不明智的”，具有泛指的概念。同时要注意，这里whatever也不能改用no matter what，因为后者只能引导状语从句。又如（上海高考题99）：_ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.A. Who B. The one C. Anyone D. Whoever答案是D，whoever意为“无论谁”，表泛指。比较下例：I cant remember at the moment who has said the words. （这里的who表特定的某人）六、Where, when

7、, why等连接副词引导的名词性从句。Where, when, why等连接副词也可以引导名词性从句，使用的关键是：这个词必须符合句子的逻辑要求。例如（NMET99）：I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. Is that _ you had a few days off?A. why B. when C. that D. where 答案是A，why引导的从句作表语，同时why在从句中作原因状语。这里之所以选why，而不是when或 where等，唯一的依据便是句子的逻辑含义，及语境。又如（MET94）；Do you remember _

8、he came? Yes, I do, he came by car.A. How B. when C. that D. if答案是A，从答语 “he came by car”可知这里问的是“he”来的方式，所以用how引导。七“介词+who（m）引导的宾语从句”与“介词+ whom”引导的定语从句的区别。介词后面的引导词用主格还是宾格，决定于它在宾语从句中作主语还是宾语。例如（上海高考题98）：It was a matter of _ would take the position.A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever答案是A。这是一个含宾语从句的复合句

9、，作介词of宾语的，是后面的整个句子，而不是宾语从句的引导词，由于这里引导词在从句中作主语，所以要用主格who（作宾语时自然要用whom）。Our country has thousands of excellent scientists, most of whom have received higher education at home.这是一个“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句；引导定语从句的是“most of+关系代词”而不只是这个关系代词，同时这个引导词又作介词of的宾语，所以要用宾格whom。（注意与介词后面的宾语从句的引导词的用法进行比较和区别。）八、名词性从句中有插入成分时。此

10、时应注意两点：一是从句仍然不倒装，而在插入成分上倒装；二是要注意主语的主格和宾格的选择。例如（上海高考题95）：_ you have seen both fighters, _ will win?A. Since; do you think who B. As; who you thinkC. When; whoever D. Since; who do you think根据上面的讲解，不难知道答案是D。其中do you think是插入成分，其余部分是宾语从句，作think的宾语；由于引导词在从句中作主语，所以要用主格who（不用whom）。九、引导词that的省略。引导宾语从句时，tha

11、t通常可以省略，但引导主语、表语和同位语从句时，that不能省。Chinas success in manned-spacecraft travel shows _ our country has become one of the greatest powers in space research. A. what B. which C. 不填 D. it that该句中的从句作shows的宾语，是宾语从句，又因为从句中不缺主、宾语，所以只能用that引导；又因引导宾语从句时that可以省略，所以答案是C。十、同位语从句引导词where, when的用法特点。说明先行词内容的同位语从句的引导

12、词where, when与被说明的名词在概念上不一致。但引导定语从句的引导词却必须保持一致。是比较：Then arose the question _ we were to get so much money.This the house _ the great man Mao Zedong was born 110 years ago.A. where B. that C. about which D. in which答案分别是（1） A （2） A/D。先行词与where, when概念一致时，是定语从句，（2）中的house与where同表地点，且这个关系副词where或when可以用

13、“介词+which”的形式代替，所以答案A 和D都可以引导。（1）题中的question与where不表同一概念，可见是同位语从句，所以where不能改用“介词+which”的形式。with用法小结 英语学习者在学习过程中，常会遇到with这个介词，而这个词在不同的语言环境中，其含义不近相同，经常让你无从下手，这里对with用法做一小结，以供参考。一、with表拥有某物Mary married a man with a lot of money .马莉嫁给了一个有着很多钱的男人。I often dream of a big house with a nice garden.我经常梦想有一个带花

14、园的大房子。The old man lived with a little dog on the lonely island.这个老人和一条小狗住在荒岛上。 二、with表用某种工具或手段I cut the apple with a sharp knife. 我用一把锋利的刀削平果。Tom drew the picture with a pencil. 汤母用铅笔画画。三、with表人与人之间的协同关系make friends with sb talk with sb quarrel with sb struggle with sbfight with sb play with sb work

15、 with sb cooperate with sbI have been friends with Tom for ten years since we worked with each other, and I have never quarreled with him.自从我们一起工作以来，我和汤母已经是十年的朋友了，但我们从没有吵过架。四、with 表原因或理由John was in bed with high fever. 约翰因发烧卧床。He jumped up with joy. 他因高兴跳起来。Father is often excited with wine. 父亲常因白酒变

16、的兴奋。五、with 表“带来”，或“带有,具有”，在身上，在身边之意The girl with golden hair looks beautiful. 那个金头发的女孩看起来漂亮。The famous director will come to the meeting with the leading actor and actress . 那个有名的导演将带着男女主角来到会场。A storm with a hurricane has come onto its way. 带有飓风的风暴要来了。Do you have money with you. 身上带着钱吗？Take the umbr

17、ella with you in case it rains. 随身带伞，以防下雨。六、with表想法，信念，态度与一致I agree with you on how to deal with it. 关于此事如何处理，我同意你的看法。I believe with the headmaster that a good teacher should not only teach a student what to learn but also how to learn it.我相信校长所说，一个好老师不但教学生学什么，而且应教学生怎么去学。七、with表示让步,“虽有,尽管”With all h

18、is money and fame, he is not happy. 拥有钱和名誉，他还是不快乐。With good teachers and warmhearted classmates, the new comer feels lonely.虽有着好老师和热心的同学，这个新来的还是感觉孤独。八、with表同时，或同一方向，“随着”The temperature of cold-blooded animals change with the temperature of the surroundings. 冷血动物的体温随着周围的环境的改变而变化。The big ship is saili

19、ng with the wind. 这个大船正随风向航行。And with the last words, she turned away. 随着最后一句话说完，他转身离开了。九、with的复合结构表行为方式或伴随情况1、 with + n/pron + adj.He left the room with the door open. 门开着，他就离开了屋子。Dont talk with your mouse full. 嘴里满是东西，不要说话。2、with + n/pron + adv.With the radio on,grandma slept deeply in the chair .

20、收音机开者，奶奶在椅子里沉沉的睡着。With Tom away, I always feel lonely. 汤母不在，我一直感觉孤独。3、with + n/pron + doneThe fellow stood there with his hands crossed .这个家伙两手交叉，站在那里。The peasants have a good harvest with all the crops got in.庄稼都收割了，农民们有了一个好收成。4、with + n/pron + to doWith this book to help you, you can finish your w

21、ork as soon as possible.有这本书来帮忙，你能尽快完成工作。With so many problems to settle, the new manager was too worried to eat anything.有着太多问题去处理，新经理担忧的吃不下任何东西。5、with + n/pron + nThe old man looks down upon everyone ,with his son chairman of the 伴company .因为他儿子是公司的主席，这个老头瞧不起任何人。He was taken to hospital with his l

22、egs a mass of bleeding flesh.他被抬到医院，他的腿血肉模糊。6、with + n/pron + 介词短语The man left the meeting with a book in his hand.这个男人手里拿着书离开了会议。The woman with a diamond necklace around the neck must be wealthy.那个脖子上带项链的女人一定很有钱。十、with其他用法主要出现在一些常用词和习语中，记住其特定含义即可。It is a long time not to get in touch with Tom. 很长时间

23、没有和汤母取得联系了。Down with imperialism. 打倒帝国主义。1._two exams to worry about,I have to work really hard this weekend. A. With B. Besides C. As for D. Because of 答案点拨：A。此题考查with的复合结构问题。选项A 。中的with在此句中相当于having。介词加上复合宾语，可做原因状语、伴随状语等等。2But not all body language means the same thing in different countries 但是，并非

24、所有的身势语在不同的国家里都有相同的意思。 问：老师说该句是部分否定。那么什么情况下构成部分否定？部分否定与完全否定如何区分？ 答：老师说得对。英语中，否定词not与all，both，every，each，always，often 连用，不管其位置如何，都构成部分否定，常译为“并非所有的都”，“并非每一个都”。如： All is not gold that glittersNot all is gold that glitters 发光的未必都是金子。 Both of them are not usefulNot both of them are useful并非这两样东西都有用。 We ca

25、n see that friction is not always an evil我们可以看到摩擦并非总是坏事。Such a thing is not found everywhere 这样的东西不是在每个地方都能找到的。英语中表示完全否定时，常借助于no，none，nobody，nothing，neither，never，nowhere 等否定词。如Neither of them could work out the math problem 他们俩谁也算不出来这道数学题。 When I came to the office, there was no one there 我来到办公室时，那

26、里没人4In parts of Asia you must not sit with your feet pointing at another person 在亚洲的某些地方，你不可以坐着把脚跷起对着别人。with your feet pointing at another person是“with名词代词宾语补足语”结构，其中宾语补足语都有哪些情况？使用该结构时应注意些什么？“with名词代词宾语补足语” 是with的复合结构，在句中可以充当定语或状语。具体来说有以下六种情况： 1） with名词代词形容词 It is not good manners to speak with your

27、 mouth full 满嘴食物去说话是不礼貌的。 2） with名词代词副词 The city looks more beautiful with all the lights on所有的灯亮起来，这座城市看起来更漂亮了。 3） with名词代词介词短语 The woman with a baby on her back lives downstairs这个背着婴儿的妇女住在楼下。4） with名词代词不定式，不定式表示主动、将来的动作。 With you to help us, we are sure to finish the work on time有你来帮忙，我们会按时完成任务的。

28、With so much work to do, we cant kill any time by playing cards 有这么多工作要做，我们没有时间打扑克。5）with名词代词-ing形式，-ing形式表示主动或动作正在进行。With a boy leading the way, they started towards the village 由一个男孩带路，他们朝那个村子走去。 6） with名词代词过去分词，过去分词表示被动或动作已经完成。 With the problems settled we all felt very happy问题解决了，我们都感到很高兴。主语补足语1.英语不及物动词的后面，有时可跟主语补足语，用来说明主语在动作开始时动作过程中或动作结束时主语所的特征属性，状况等。这些词的作用接近表语，从这个意义上说这个句子包含了一个复合谓语也叫双重谓语。The sun rose red in the east.红红的太阳从东方升起。（在意义上相当于The sun rose and it was red. The sun was red when it rose.）The snow was falling thick. 雪下的很厚。He left a small boy and retu