牛津英语译林版毕业班中考英语复习资料Word文档下载推荐.docx

1、英语助动词有shall, will, should, would, be, have, do等。The students are playing football now. （构成现在进行时） He does not like playing football. （构成否定句） Do you like playing football? （构成一般疑问句） Do come here tomorrow! （构成强调句 ）典型错句解析1. You must look after yourself and keep health.解析 healthhealthy. keep作系动词用时，后接形容词。

2、2. He will become a pianist.解析will becomebecame become作系动词用时，一般不用于“将来成为”的意思。此句又可改为 He has become a pianist.3. You will twenty-five years old next month.解析 willwill be。助动词will本身没有词义，可用在各种人称的将来时态中。 Will在将来时态中后接动词原形。 will + be才能构成完整的谓语。4.He works even harder than you work.解析 workdo。助动词do代替主要动词，以避免重复。二代

3、词 代词是用来代替名词或名词词组的词，因此代词在句子中的功能和名词一样，可作主语、宾语和表语，有些代词还可修饰名词。 英语代词可分为人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、疑问代词、关系代词、连接代词、不定代词、相互代词等九种。现把学过的六种代词介绍如下：代 词单 数复 数第一人称第二人称第三人称人称代词主格Iyouhe, she, itwethey宾格mehim, her, itusthem物主代词形容词性myyourhis, her, itsourtheir名词性mineyourshis, hers, itsourstheirs反 身 代 词myselfyourselfhimself, h

4、erself, itselfourselvesyourselves themselves指 示 代 词this, thatthese, those不定代词可数 each, one, many, （a）few, both, another, either, neither不可数 much, （a） little可数、不可数 all, some, none, such, any, other复合不定代词 anybody（one, thing）, somebody（one, thing）, nobody（thing）, everybody（one, thing）疑 问 代 词 who, whom,

5、whose, which, what 1人称代词 表示“我”、“你”、“他”、“她”“它”“我们”、“你们”、“他们”等的词，叫做人称代词。人称代词的排列有以下几种； 我、你、他 第二人称第三人称第一人称 即：you，he and I 她和老师 名词人称代词 即：the teacher and she 我、他和一些别的人 人称代词其他代词 即： he，I and some others 第三人称两性（性别）并用时，如：他和她；即：he and she 人称代词的主格作主语，宾格作及物动词宾语或介词宾语。作表语时，书面语用主格，口语中则用宾格。You must speak English as

6、often as possible He told me the bad news He didnt listen to me Whos going to go? （以上代词在句中分别作什么成份？）2物主代词 物主代词表示所有关系，分为形容词性和名词性两种，形容词性物主代词作定语，名词性物主代词作主语、宾语和表语。形容词性物主代词后要跟名词。名词性物主代词可以单独使用，其作用相当于一个形容词加上一个名词。物主代词有人称和数的区别。例：This is my dictionaryYours （=Your dictionary）is on the desk 一Is this your classro

7、om? NoIts theirs（=their classroom）3反身代词 表示动词所表达的动作反回到施动者本身，一般是由第一、二人称的形容词性物主代词或第三人称代词的宾格加上self （复数selves） 构成，起强调作用，反身代词可作动词宾语、介词宾语、同位语等。Please help yourself to some fish（作动词宾语） He thinks more of himself than“others（作介词宾语） I myself did it（作同位语） I spoke to the manager himself（作同位语）注：反身代词常接在动词enjoy, hu

8、rt, help等词后。4指示代词 指示代词是将所指事物与同类中的其他事物区分开来的一种代词。表示：“这个”、“那个”、“这些”、“那些”等指示概念。指示代词在句中相当于名词、形容词的作用，可作主语、宾语、定语、表语等。This（That） is what I want to say（作主语） We should always keep this（these） in mind（作宾语） For these（those） reasons，I was late（作定语） The reason is this（作表语）5不定代词 不定代词用来代替或修饰任何不定数量和不定范围的人和事物。不定代词可代替

9、名词或形容词，在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语。下面举例说明： some和any some（一些）、any（一些、任何）修饰可数名词和不可数名词。some用在肯定句中，any多用于疑问句和否定句中。There are some books in the desk There are not any books in the desk Have you any money?注意：some可用于表示邀请、请求的疑问句或用于说话者希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中，any有时也用于肯定句，表示“任何的”“任何一个”“任何一些”等。Would you like some tea? （希望对方肯定回答） Yes,

10、 thank you. Could I ask you some questions? Of course, you can. You can ask me any questions.（任何问题） little、a little、few、a few little、a little修饰不可数名词，few、a few修旆可数名词；a little、a few表示肯定的概念，即：尽管少但“有”；few、little表示否定的概念，表示“没有”。There is a little water in the river. You can walk across it. There is little

11、water in the river. You have to swim across it. He has few friends, so he often feels lonely. I have a few friends in AmericaI often write to them. each、every、everybody、everyone、everything。 each相当于名词和形容词，用作定语或单独使用作主语、宾语、定语、同位语等。every不可单独使用，它必须放在名词等前，只能作定语。each与every的区别： 1）each侧重于单个，every侧重于全体 、整体。 2

12、）each用于二者或二者以上，every用于三者或三者以上。everybody与everyone相同，意思是“每人、人人”。everything意思是“一切”“每件事”。Two boys came into the classroomEach wore a red coat. Every student has a new book Everybody knows this thing（dont they? Everything goes well（doesnt it? （把上面两个句子改为反意疑问句，注意用什么代词代替everybody, everything） both、either、ne

13、ither both、either、neither都与“两个”有关。 both “（两者）都-”全”，指两个人或事物，可作主语、宾语、定语。 例如：Both books are good There are a lot of trees on both sides of the road. either （两个中间的）任何一个，这个或那个”，可作主、宾、定语。There are two books. You may take either of them Would you like a cup of tea or coffee? Either is OK. neither “（两者之间） 一

14、个也不-”，neither是either的否定形式，可作主语、宾语、定语。 例如：Neither of them knows Japanese Either Li or Wang knows English none、no、nobody、no one、nothing none、no、nobody、no one、nothing都与“无”有关。 none用于指人或物，可与of短语连用，用作单数或复数，而且常用于习语中。 nothing“没有东西；没有什么 （=not anything）”，若作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。Is there nothing in the box? No. Its emp

15、ty 一How many elephants did you see there? None What did you see in the zoo yesterday? Nothing.以上两句中的答句None, Nothing不可相互替代。 no表示“没有（任何的）-”，等于not any- 或 not a（an）-。 He has no money（= He has not any money.） We have no lessons on Sundays. （= We have not any lessons on Sundays.） She has no brother. （= Sh

16、e has not a brother.） nobody或no one后不可接of短语来表示“某些人当中”；a11 a11作形容词且与名词连用时，名词前需加the或ones，即：all the（ones） + 名词。I will teach English all my life All the people are here 当all代替可数名词作句子主语时，谓语动词用复数；当all代替不可数名词作句子主语时，谓语动词用单数。All are hereLets begin our meeting. （all代替所有参加会议的人） All is well that ends well.（all代

17、替所有事情） other、the other、others 、the others、another the other指两者中的另外一个。 例：He has two pens，one is blue，the other is yellow other + 复数名词 = others相同，泛指其他的人或物。Some students are carrying water，others（other students） are watering the trees the other + 复数名词 = the others ，特指一定范围内的其他人或物。There are fifty student

18、s in Miss Gaos class, twenty students are boys, the others are girls the other + 数词，指剩余的数目。He bought three pencils，one is for me，the other two are for him another + 单数名词或another + 数词+复数名词。表示在原来基础上再来一个或一些。I dont like the color of this bag. May I have a look at another one May I have another three boo

19、ks?6疑问代词 疑问代词有who，whom，whose，which，what等。who和what who问姓名，what问职业。Who is he? He is Smith Whats your father? He is a workerwhat和which which表示在一定数目（或范围）之内的选择，某某范围内的“哪一个”“哪一些”；what则没有这种限制。What do you usually have for lunch? 你通常午餐吃什么？ Which do you prefer，apple or pear? 苹果和梨，你喜欢哪一个？ Which of you comes fro

20、m Beijing? 你们当中哪一个来自北京？whom和whose whom作宾语，whose作定语。With whom is she talking now? Whose book is on the desk?典型错句分析1. Is there any one in the classroom? None.解析 None No one 。none是对 all, 即三个以上的否暄，后面常接带 of的短语。而 no one代表单数名词，意为“没有一个人”，不能与 of连用。2. The bird builds its nest in the tree.解析its its。 its是 it is

21、或 it has的省略形式，而its则是物主代词“它的”，意义不同，不能混淆。3. I like none of the two novels.none neither。对两者both否定应为neither。4. Do you think the TV sets made in Shanghai are better than ones made in Beijing are?解析ones those 。one, ones和 that, those 皆可代替前面的名词，避免重复但one, ones要求有代词或形容词之类的前置定语；that , those则要求有介词短语、分词短语或从句一类的后

22、置定语。What kind of ice-cream would you like? A big pink one. The days in summer are longer than those in winter.1. Is there any one in the classroom? None.解析None No one。None是对all，即三个以上的否定，后面通常接带of的短语。而no one代表单数名词，意为“没有一个人”，不能与of连用。解析 its its是it is或it has的省略形式，而its则是物主代词“它的”，意义不同，不能混淆。解析 none neither.

23、对两者both否定应为neither。三名词 名词是表示人、事物、地点的名称的词或抽象概念的名称的词。名词分类见下表： 个体名词 可数 集体名词 普通名词 物质名词 名词 不可数 抽象名词专有名词1专有名词的用法。1） 表示一个人、物或地点的专有名词，须以大写字母开头。Ann，Lucy，Lily，Tom，Mike，John Beijng，Shanghai，Nanjing，Washington DC Christmas，New Years Day，May Day March，April，June，July，October2） 专有名词前不加冠词，也无复数。English spoken in En

24、gland John lives on Lincoln Street Tuesday comes after Monday3） 海洋、河流、山脉、岛屿等专有名词前要加the。the Pacific（Ocean），the Yellow River，the Tienshan Mountains等。4） the + 姓 + s 表示：某某一家人或某某夫妇二人。The Zhangs are having supper at home now The Browns are going to England next month2普通名词的用法。1）普通名词有单、复数变化。单数名词前加a，an，the等冠

25、词，复数名词加s或es，而变化过的复数名词前不加冠词。This is the book you lent me yesterday Books are our friends2）普通名词前如有this，that, every，whose，which，Johns等修饰，它们的作用已与冠词修饰名词的作用相同，名词前则不能再加冠词。What does this word mean，Dad? This is my capWhere is yours?3）复数普通名词用many，a lot of等修饰。There are too many people in that roomThere is no r

26、oom to stand in now. There are a lot of eggs in the basketWould you like some of them?3集体名词的用法。 1）常用的集体名词有：family，population, people, class, police等。 2）强调指整个集体，则视为单数，谓语动词用单数形式。如果该名词强调组成集体的各个分子, 则视为复数。His family is going to move into a new house His family are good at swimming Class 5 is a good class. Class 5 all like playing basketball. 3）police只用复数名词。The police are looking for that lost girl these days4不可数名词 不可数名词主要以下同类：表示物质类和抽象类。1）表示物质类的名词 食品：food，fish，rice，coffee，wine 材料：wood，stone，brick，iron，steel 气（液）体：air，gas，oil，rain，snow 物质名词是不可数名词，无复数形式，前面不可加冠词aan，the修饰，但前可用much，little，some，