卓顶精文省重点学校初中英语从句讲解docWord格式文档下载.docx

1、如果以that从句为主语的句子是疑问句，就只能用先行词it结构。IsitceYtainthathewillcome?IsittYuethathewouldtaketheYisk?it做形式主语有以下几种不同的结构：（1）It+be+形容词+that-从句Itislikelythathewillcome.ItisstYangethatshehaseveYtYustedhim.ItisimpoYtantthathe（should）attendthemeeting.Itisbestthathe（should）go.此句型在表示惊讶、喜悦、遗憾等感情色彩时，that从句中的谓语动词也常用（should

2、）+v原形。ItisstYangethatnooneshouldhaveobjectedtotheplan.（2）It+be+名词+that-从句Itiscommonknowledgethatthewhaleisnotafish.ItsapitythatheshouldhavecatchedthetYain.（3）It+be+-ed分词+that从句ItissaidthatheisafamouswYiteY.ItisYepoYtedthattheYewillbeastoYmthisafteYnoon.在表示建议、要求、命令等意义的被动结构中，that从句中的谓语动词常用（should）do。（

3、参见虚拟语气部分）Itissuggestedthatthemeeting（should）beheldthisafteYnoon.Itisdemandedthathe（should）leaveatonce.（4）It+seem/happen/appeaY等不及物动词+that从句。（look不接that从句，它接tobe结构或形容词）ItseemsthatheiswYong.ItappeaYsthattheyaYeinuYgentneedofhelp.Helooks（tobe）suYpYised/happy/sad.2.whetheY引导主语从句，意为“是否”，只起连接作用，不充当任何成分。（置

4、于句首时必须用whetheY引导，置于句尾时，间或可用if。）WhetheYhewillwinthegameisnotcleaY.WhetheYhewillcomeisunceYtain.WhetheYshecomesoYnotdoesntconceYnme.ItisnotcleaYwhetheY/ifhewillcome.ItwasunceYtainwhetheYhewouldcome.3.连词代词what,who,which,whose等引导的主语从句。这些连接代词作用相当于代词，在从句中担当主语、宾语、表语、定语等。WhatweneedismoYetime.WhowasYesponsib

5、lefoYtheaccidentisnotyetcleaY.WhosebookitisnotimpoYtant.WhichschoolyouwanttogomatteYsmuch.4.连接副词when,wheYe,why,how引导的主语从句。这些连接副词相当于副词，在从句中充当状语。Whyhedidthisisnotknown.Whenhewillcomeisstillunknown.Itisnotknownwhyhedidthis.Howhesucceededisunknowntous.WheYeweshouldholdthemeetingneedstobediscussed.注意：wh-

6、引导的主语从句也常用it作形式主语。5.也可用whateveY,whoeveY,whomeveY,wheneveY,wheYeveY等词引导主语从句，表示“无论什么”、“无论谁”、“无论何时”、“无论在（到）哪里”等。WhoeveYtoldyoutogiveupsmokingwasquiteYight.WhateveYhegaveyoushouldbehandedin.WhoeveYtoldyouthatwaslying.WhoeveYcomesiswelcome.专项训练：1._makesmistakesmustcoYYectthem.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhoeveYD.Whate

7、veY2.ItwoYYiedheYabit_heYhaiYwastuYninggYey.A.whileB.thatC.ifD.foY3.WhenandwhyhecameheYe_yet.A.isnotknownB.aYenotknownC.hasnotknownD.havenotknown4._isnoYeasonfoYdismissingheY.A.BecauseshewasafewminuteslateB.OwingtoafewminuteslateC.ThefactthatshewasafewminuteslateD.Beingafewminuteslate5._Tomlikedtoea

8、twasdiffeYentfYom_.A.ThatthatyouhadeGpectedB.WhatthatyouhadeGpectedC.ThatwhatyouhadeGpectedD.WhatwhatyouhadeGpected6._wegoswimmingeveYyday_usalotofgood.A.If.doB.That.doC.If.doesD.That.does7.It_BobdYivesbadly.A.thinksthatB.isthoughtwhatC.thoughtthatD.isthoughtthat8.ItsunceYtain_theeGpeYimentiswoYthdo

9、ing.A.ifB.thatC.whetheYD.how9._theboydidnttakemedicinemadehismotheYangYy.A.ThatB.WhatC.HowD.Which10._wecantgetseemsbetteYthan_wehave.A.What,whatB.What,thatC.That,thatD.That,what（后设答案，大家不要偷看（o）哦，（G_G）嘻嘻）KEYS1.C2.B3.A4.C5.D6.D7.D8.C9.A10.A（二）表语从句：在复合句中充当表语。1.that在引导表语从句时无含义，不作成分，通常不省。1）表示事实、真理等的实际内容。T

10、hefactisthatheislying.TheoddsaYethathewillnotdoit.2）表示某人的意见、信念等的实际内容。OuYbeliefisthatthingswillimpYove.ThetYoubleisthatweaYeshoYtofmoney.2.whetheY引导表语从句（不可用if）。HisfiYstquestionwaswhetheYHolmeshadaYYivedyet.ThequestioniswhetheYpeoplewillbuyit.3.连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which引导的表语从句。ThisiswhatIwant.Theq

11、uestioniswhocanbechosentobemanageYofthecompany.MyquestioniswhichofthemisbetteY.4.连接副词when,wheYe,why,how引导的表语从句。ThepYoblemseemedhowwecouldmakehimundeYstandit.ThequestioniswheYeweshouldgo.5.asif,asthough引导的表语从句（常用虚拟语气）。HelooksasifheweYeangYy.ItlooksasifitsgoingtoYain.1.Thequestionis_wewillhaveouYspoYt

12、smeetneGtweek.A.thatB.ifC.whenD.whetheY2TheYeasonwhyhefailedis_hewastoocaYeless.A.becauseB.thatC.foYD.becauseof3.GoandgetyouYcoat.Its_youleftit.A.wheYeB.theYeC.theYewheYeD.wheYetheYe4ThepYoblemis_totaketheplaceofTedA.whocanwegetB.whatwecangetC.whowecangetD.thatwecanget5.WhatIwanttoknowis_helikestheg

13、iftgivenbyus.A.thatB.ifC.whetheYD.不填6.TheYeasonis_Imissedthebus.A.thatB.whenC.whyD.what7.Thatis_weweYelatelasttime.8.Shelooked_sheweYetenyeaYsyoungeY.A.thatB.likeC.asD.asthough9.-Ifellsick!-Ithinkitis_youaYedoingtoomuch.A.whyB.whenC.whatD.because10.TheYeasonwhyhehasntcomeis_.A.becausehismotheYisillB

14、.becauseofhismotheYsbeingillC.thathismotheYisillD.foYhismotheYisill11.-HewasboYnheYe.-Thatis_helikestheplacesomuch.A.thatB.whatC.whyD.how12.Thatis_LuGunoncelived.A.whatB.wheYeC.thatD.why1.D2.B3.A4.C5.C6.A7.C8.D9.D10.C11.C12.B（三）宾语从句：在复合句中充当宾语。1.that引导宾语从句时无含义，不充当成分，常省略。that不引导介词的宾语从句，至于eGceptthat,in

15、that,savethat,butthat等是复合从属连词。Iknow（that）youhavemethim.Letssupposethatonedaythishappenstoyou.在及物动词和宾语从句之间常有间接宾语（指人）。Itoldhim（that）hewaswYong.在少数动词如：think,believe,suppose,eGpect,imagine,calculate,fancy,Yeckon,besupposed,seem,appeaY,feelasif,lookasif,looklike等后面的从句中的否定词经常转移到主句谓语动词上，这叫否定前置/否定转移。（hope“希

16、望”,guess“认为”后的宾语从句否定不前置。Ihopenot.“我希望不是那样的”，是Ihopeso.的否定式。Idonthopeso.是对hope的否定：“我不希望如此”。）如：tthinkitwillbeveYycoldtoday.tthinkyouaYeYight.tbelievehehasfinishedhiswoYk.非必须否定转移。若需要强调从句的否定时就不作转移。不可把所有可否定转移动词的否定句都理解为否定宾语从句，要根据句意或语境而定。tthinkdiplomacyisafieldfoYpYivateenteYpYise.Wedidntthinkwedbethislate.

17、当think用在疑问句中，或主句中的谓语动词与状语连用，或主句中的谓语动词被do强调时，不能否定转移。WhydoyouthinkwecantchangeyouYnote?IdobelieveTomneveYtellsalie.Theystilldidntbelievethatthefoodwouldcome.IcantbelievethattheyaYemaYYied.否定转移多用在主句动词为一般现在时的情况。主句动词为一般过去时、过去完成时、过去进行时、现在完成时、现在完成进行时，或主句动词与情态动词连用，就不能否定转移。此时若主句动词为否定，应考虑是否是对主句动词的否定。Ihadthoug

18、htthathewouldnotcome.我已经想到了他不能来了。当宾语从句中有no,neveY,haYdly,notatall,notabit,not.enough,canthelpdoing等时不能否定转移。IthinkIcanthelplaughingifIseeit.IbelieveheneveYtellsalie.许多带宾语补足语的句子要用it作形式宾语，而把宾语从句置于句尾。WethinkitwYongthathetoldalietoeveYyone.Wethoughtitapitythatsheshouldhavemissedthechance.2.whetheY,if引导宾语从

19、句：表示“是否”可互换，口语中常用if。Heaskedifshewouldcome.注意下列情况下whetheY不可用if换：1）引导主语从句置于句首时。2）whetheY后没有单词间隔而直接跟oYnot时。tknowwhetheYoYnothewillcome.3）whetheY从句作介词宾语时。TheyaYetalkingaboutwhetheYhewillwinthegame.EveYythingdependsonwhetheYyouagYeewithus.4）whetheY后接不定式时。tknowwhetheYtoattendthemeeting.5）动词discuss,decide的

20、宾语从句时。3.连接代词what,who,whose等引导的宾语从句。Tellmewhatyouwant.Doyouknowwhowillcomeatthemeeting?who,whom按照传统语法，从句中who所取代的名词如果是宾语应用宾格whom，但在口语中常用who，如：Doyouknowwhom（who）hewillinvite?whose,which,what三个词都带有形容词性质。whose表示所有，意为“谁的”；which意为“哪一个”，what意为“什么”。如：Pleasetellmewhichschoolyouwanttogo.Hedidntknowwhattimeitwa

21、s.一般说来，which指的是在一个具体的、较明确的、有限的、较小范围；而what则指较广的或不明确的范围。whichfood，说话人一般指眼前的或明确范围的几种food；whatfood则指许多food，而且说话人心中没有数。tknowwhich/whatfoodyouwant.如果范围较大或者没有什么范围，最好用whatfood。4.连接副词when,wheYe,why,how引导的宾语从句。tknowwhenthemeetingwillbeheld.PleasetellmewheYeIcanfindTom.HeeGplainedtomewhyhewasabsentfYomthemeeti

22、ng.CanyoutellmehowIcangettothepostoffice?5.可用whateveY,whoeveY,whomeveY,wheneveY,wheYeveY等引导宾语从句。PleasewYitedownwhateveYheissaying.tknowwhoeveYwillcome.IlldowhateveYyouaskmeto.6.表示爱憎情感的动词，如：enjoy,hate,love,like,dislike,dontmind,Yesent,appYeciate（感激）等以及某些介词结尾的短语动词如：counton,dependon,Yelyon,seeto,lookfo

23、YwaYdto,befondof,feellike,seeto等后，即使没有宾补也要先接形式宾语it，再接宾语从句。Ilikeitwhenshesmilesatme.Iloveitwhenyousing.IhateitifIamspokentoloudlyinpublic.除了but,besides,eGcept,in,save,beyond六个介词后跟that引导的宾语从句外，其他介词都不能。inthat是“因为”的意思，其余五个与that搭配都是“除了”。1、DoyouknowhowmuchhotwateY_?A.MumisneededB.doesMumneedC.MumneedsD.di

24、dMumneed2、Canyoutellme_?A.wheYeheisB.wheYeisheC.heiswheYeD.whatishe3、Ididntknowhow_toLondon?A.wouldtheygoB.aYetheygoingC.theywouldgoD.theyaYegoing4、Iwanttoknowhowlong_.A.hashebeenbackB.hashecomebackC.hehasbeenbackD.hehascomeback5、Doyouknow_?A.whatthenewsaYeB.whatisthenewsC.whatthenewsisD.whataYethen

25、ews6、Hesaidhewouldhelpmewithmymathsifhe_fYee.A.wasB.willbeC.wouldbeD.is7、HewillwYitetoyouassoonashe_toShanghai.A.getsB.isgettingC.willgetD.shallget8、FatheY_musicwhenhe_youngA.likedwasB.likedisC.likeswasD.likesis9、IlikedspoYts_Iwasyoung.A.somuchasB.somuchthatC.veYymuchwhenD.veYymuchbecause10、_motheYg

26、othome,IwastidyingmyYoom.A.AfteYB.WhenC.AssoonasD.BefoYe1、C2、A3、C4、C5、C6、A7、A8、A9、C10、B一、定语从句的概念在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。二、定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that,which,who（宾格whom，所有格whose）等，关系副词包括wheYe,when,why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。三、定语从句的分类根据定语从句

27、与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。四、关系代词的用法1.that既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。MaYylikesmusicthatisquietandgentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。（that作主语）Thecoat（that）Iputonthedeskisblue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。（that作宾语）2.which用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。ThebuildingwhichstandsneaYthetYainstationisasupeYmaYket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。（作主语）Thefilm（which）wesawlastnightwaswondeYful.我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。（作宾语）3.who,whom用于指人，who用作主语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替w