新王牌小班辅导教学设计教案 高一英语A3 名词性从句Word文档格式.docx

1、 名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。一、引导名词性从句的连接词引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连词：that（无任何词意）whether,if（均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性）as if ,as though（均表示“好像”，“似乎”）以上在从句中均不充当任何成分连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom,whose, whichever,whomever连接副词：when, where, how,

2、why,how many,how much,how often不可省略的连词：1. 介词后的连词2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。That she was chosen made us very happy.We heard the news that our team had won.比较：whether与if 均为是否的意思。 但在下列情况下，只可用whether：1. whether引导主语从句并在句首2. 引导表语从句 3. whether从句作介词宾语4. 从句后有or not Whether he will come is not clear.大部分连接词引导的主语从句

3、都可以置于句末，用 it充当形式主语。It is not important who will go.It is still unknown which team will win the match.二. 主语从句作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether，if和连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。例如：What he wants to tell us

4、 is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。Who will win the match is still unknown. 谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。It is known to us how he became a writer. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：用

5、it 作形式主语的结构 （1） It is 名词从句 It is a fact that 事实是 It is an honor that 非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that 是常识 （2） it is 形容词从句 It is natural that 很自然 It is strange that 奇怪的是 （3） it 不及物动词从句 It seems that 似乎 It happened that 碰巧 （4） it is过去分词从句 It is reported that 据报道 It has been proved that 已证实另注意在主语从句中用来表

6、示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“（should） +do”，常用的句型有：It is necessary （important, natural, strange, etc.） that It is suggested （requested, proposed, desired, etc.） that（1）It is certain that he will win the match.（2）It is true that he has made a very important discovery in chemistry.（3）It is strange th

7、at he should do that.（4）It is important that we all should attend the meeting.（5）It is suggested that the work should be done with great care.（6）It happened that the two cheats were there. （=The two cheats happened to be there）小结:（1）以that 引出的主语从句,常以形式主语it引导. It is +形容词/名词/某些动词ed + that 从句.（2） 在有些tha

8、t从句中要用虚拟语气 （should+do/should+have done）例句3,4,5.主语从句的时态：不受主句的时态影响和限制。（1）That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all.（2）Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown.（3）Who will be our monitor hasnt been decided yet.（4） Whom we must study for is a questio

9、n of great importance.（5）What caused the accident remains unknown.（6）Whatever you did is right.（8）What we need is time.（9）What we need are good doctors.（1）引导主语从句连词有that,whether,who,what,whatever等（2）连词位于句首不能省略（3）主语从句大多数情况下视为三单,但也有例外,如例9主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况 （1） if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。 （2） It is said , （report

10、ed） 结构中的主语从句不可提前。It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week. （3） It happens, It occurs 结构中的主语从句不可提前。It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. （4）含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。Is it likely that it will rain in the evening?What 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 What 引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语宾语表

11、语，而that 则不然。 What you said yesterday is right. 三、宾语从句名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。1.宾语从句的连接词从属连词：连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that,if,whether.that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句,而if和whether引导表示“是否”的宾语从句.He told me that he would go to the college the next year他告诉我他明年上大学.I dont know if there wil

12、l be a bus any more.我不知道是否还会有公交车.Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.没人知道他是否会通过考试.连接代词主要有who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever等.连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述.Do you know who has won Red Alert game?你知道是谁赢得了红色警报的游戏？The book will show you what the best

13、 CEOs should know.这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解些什么.Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone?你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的电话了吗?连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等.He didnt tell me when we should meet again.他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面.Could you please tell me how you use the new panel?

14、 你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗?None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到.2. 由连接词that引导的宾语从句由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。We must never think （that） we are good in everything

15、but that others are good in nothing. 我们决不能认为自己什么都好，别人什么都不好。注意：在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, request, command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+ 动词原形”。I insist that she （should） do her work alone. 我坚持要她自己工作。The commander ordered that troops （should） set off at once. 司令员命令部队马上出发。3. 用

16、who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告诉了你什么。She always thinks of how she can work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。4. 用whethe

17、r或if引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒，仍保持陈述句语序。此外，whether与if 在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用if：a. 引导主语从句并在句首时；b. 引导表语从句时；c . 引导从句作介词宾语时；d. 从句后有“or not”时；e. 后接动词不定式时。Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. 月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。The question is whether she should have a low opinion of the test?现

18、在的问题是她是否应该有一个低意见的测试？Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。I wonder whether he will come or not. 我想知道他来还是不来。Can you tell me whether to go or to stay? 你能否告诉我是去还是留？5. 注意宾语从句中的时态呼应，当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同时态。I knowhe studies English every day. （从句用一般现在时）I know he studied E

19、nglish last term. （从句用一般过去时）I know （that） he will study English next year. （从句用一般将来时）I know he has studied English since 1998. （从句用现在完成时）当主句为过去时从句用一般过去时或过去进行时表示与主句谓语动词动作同时发生I only knew he was studying in a western country,but I didnt know what country he was in.我只知道他当时在西方的一个国家读书,可不知道是哪个国家.He asked m

20、e if I was reading the story The Old Man and the Sea when he was in.他问我他进来的时候我是否正在读.从句过去完成时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之前He told me that he had told Mary about the meeting already.他告诉我他已经把有关会议的事情告诉的了Mary.从句谓语用过去将来时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之后The reporter asked if the government would take necessary measures to put down the t

21、o-do.记者问政府是否会采取必要的措施镇压骚乱.如果从句是一个客观真理,那么从句的时态不根据主句的时态而变化The teacher said that the moon goes around the earth yesterday.老师昨天说月亮绕着地球转.当宾语从句的引导词是who,which,what,when,where,how,why等表疑问时,不能按正常语序安排,经常将这类引导词置于句首Who do you think the public might choose as their favorite singer this year?你认为今年公众会选谁为他们最喜欢的歌手.6.

22、 think, believe, imagine, suppose等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。We dont think you are here. 我们认为你不在这。I dont believe he will do so. 我相信他不会这样做。7.时态：1.主句用一般现在时，从句可用任意时态。2.主句用过去时，从句用过去某个时态。3.主句用过去时，从句是客观真理时，只用一般现在时。8.动词的宾语从句大多数动词都可以带宾语从句We all expect that they will win , for members of

23、their team are stronger.我们都预料他们会赢,因为他们的队员更强壮.He told us that they would help us through the whole work.他告诉我们在整个工作中,他都会帮忙的. 部分“动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out.我发现这场音乐会的所有票都卖光了.Can you work out how much we will spend during the trip?你能计算出这次旅行我们将

24、花费多少钱吗?动词短语也可以带宾语从句常见的这些词有:make sure确保 make up ones mind下决心 keep in mind牢记Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.在上交试卷前确保没有任何错误.可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot w

25、ater every day .我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的.I feel it a pity that I havent been to the get-together.我没去聚会,感觉非常遗憾.I have made it a rule that I keep diaries. 我每天写日记成了习惯.We all find it important that we （should） make a quick decision about this mater. 我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要. 有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加it这类动词主要有:hate, take , o

26、we, have, see to.I hate it when they with their mouths full of food.我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话.He will have it that our plan is really practical.他会认为我们的计划确实可行.We take it that you will agree with us.我们认为你会同意我们的.When you start the engine, you must see to it that car is in neutral.开启发动机时, 一定要使汽车的离合器处于空挡位置.若宾语从句是wh-类

27、,则不可用it代替We all consider what you said to be unbelievable.我们都认为你所说的是不可信的.We discovered what we had learned to be valuable.我们发现我们所学到的东西都是有用的.9.介词的宾语从句用wh-类的介词宾语从句We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部.The new book is about how Shenzhou 6 manned spaceship was

28、sent up into space.这本新书是关于神州6号载人航天飞船是如何升入太空的.用that,if引导的介词宾语从句有时候except,but,besides三个介词后可见到that引导的宾语从句I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company.对于我的新邻居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班,其他一无所知.10.形容词的宾语从句常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有: sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised

29、I am sure I will pass the exam.我确信我会通过考试.I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.很抱歉我这么长时间在打扰你.He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill.他很高兴在他生病的时候李明能去看望他.11.哪些宾语从句不可以省略引导词that一、在英式英语中动词add, agree, announce, argue, assume, complain, decide, hold, indicate, insist, intend, learn, p

30、romise, point out, remark, suggest, state等之后的宾语从句的引导词that需保留。I complained that I had been unfairly treated.二、及物动词后跟有两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，最后一个从句的that不可省略。I realize that Im in charge and that everybody accepts my leadership.三、当动词后跟有复合宾语结构时，it作形式宾语，that从句作真正宾语，引导词that不可省略。We consider it an honor that we can have the pleasure of serving you.四、当动词和that从句之间有插入语或者主句的状语时，that不可省略。The secretary said, pleasantly and sternly, that our thinking was too slow to suit the needs of modern society.We learned at school that everything we see and touch is matter.五、当that从句的状语紧跟在