英语句子结构讲解Word格式.docx

1、does not matter.7. Theytalked for half an hour.8. The penwrites smoothly基本句型 二此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意*思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类：be, look, keep, seem等属一类，表示情况；get, grow, become, turn等属另一类，表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。（是系动词）1. Thisis an English-Chin

2、ese dictionary.2. The dinnersmellsgood.3. He fellin love.4. Everythinglooks different.5. He is growingtall and strong.6. The troubleisthat they are short of money.7. Our wellhas gonedry. 8. His face turnedred.基本句型 三此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。（及物动词）

3、1. Whoknowsthe answer?2. Shesmiled her thanks.3. Hehas refusedto help them4. Heenjoysreading.5. Theyate what was left over. 6. He said Good morning.7. Iwantto have a cup of tea.8. Headmits that he was mistaken.基本句型 四 此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接

4、，当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时，这一介词往往被省略。（及物）（多指人）（多指物）1. Sheorderedherselfa new dress.cookedher husbanda delicious meal.broughtyoua dictionary.denieshernothing.5. I showedhimmy pictures.6. Igavemy cara washtoldthat the bus was latemehow to run the machine.基本句型 五此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加

5、上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。（宾语）（宾补）1. Theyappointedmanager.2. Theypaintedthe doorgreen.3. Thisset themthinking.4. Theyfoundthe housedeserted5. Whatmakesthink so?6. Wesawout.7. Heaskedto come back soon. 8. I saw getting on the bus. 但常用的英语句子并不都象基本句型这样简短，这些句子除了基本句型的成分不变外，通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语（modifier）而加以扩大。

6、这些修饰语可以是单词（主要是形容词、副词和数词），也可以是各种类型的短语（主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语）。下面以基本句型五为例： We found the hall full. We found the great hall full of students and teachers. We found the great hall full of students and teachers listen- ing to an important report We found the great hall full of students and teachers listen-in

7、g to an important report made by a comrade from the Peoples Daily on current affairs in East Europe. 不同的动词使用的句型也不尽一样，因此在学习动词时，应掌握动词的类型。以 get 为例： Hes getting angry. He got through the window. Youll get a surprise. He got his shoes and socks wet. He got himself into trouble. He got her a splendid pres

8、ent. 在句子中词类和词的位置也影响句子的句型和意思: I found the book easily. I found the book easy. I have to do something I have something to do. Time flies. Birds sing beautifully. He went on holiday. We stopped to have a rest. Ill go swimming.We like English. I like music. I like her. I want to help him. I dont know wh

9、at to do. I enjoy living here. t think （that） he is right. We are Chinese. He is a boy. This is mine. She is beautiful. Class is over. He is in good health. He is excited. The film is interesting.I give you help. I sent him a book. I bought May a book. He sent a book to me. He bought a coat for me.

10、I make you clear. We named our baby Tom. He painted the wall white. She always keeps everything in good order. I wish you to stay. I made him work I heard my name called. I feel something moving. 英语句子（按结构分）英语句子可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。简单句：指只含有一个主谓结构的句子。简单句中有五种常见的基本结构，而且在实际运用的过程中，我们可以给句子的动词加上副词修饰，给名词加上形容词、介词短语

11、修饰，给句子加上状语进行修饰等，以使整个句子的意思变得更加的丰富和充实。但不管如何变，都只有一个主谓结构。如（划线部分都是句子的附加成份）：He worked hard all his life. （划线部分在句中作状语，修饰动词worked）He is a school student in No. 1 Middle School. （划线部分在句中作定语，修饰名词student）Having finished his homework, the boy went on to help his mother. （划线部分在句中作状语，修饰整个句子） 并列句：由并列连词所连接起来的两个简单句。

12、常用的并列连词有：and, or, but, so, while, when等。and用作并列连词，连接两个并列句时，可表示并列关系、递进关系、因果关系。or可以表示并列关系，也可表示因果关系，but表示转折关系，so可表示因果关系。while可表示比较或对比，when 则表示时间，相当于and at that time（就在那时）。如：Work hard, and you will succeed. （and表示因果关系）Hurry up, or you will be late for the film. （or表示因果关系）He is old, but he still works as

13、 hard as young people. （but表示转折关系）Mr. Li is generous and outgoing, so we all gets on well with him. （so表示因果关系）I earn only 50 dollars a week, while she earns 80 dollars. 我一个星期只赚50美元，而她却赚80美元。（while表示比较、对比） （from ）I was going to leave home when the telephone rang. （when表示时间，相当于and at that time）复合句：含有两

14、个或两个以上主谓结构的句子。这种结构中，必定有一个主谓结构是句子的主句部分，而另一个主谓结构则是句子的次要部分，即从句部分。常见的从句有：定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句等。从句部分一般都有引导词引导这个从句。As is known to all, China is getting more and more powerful. （As 引导一个定语从句）What he says doesnt suit what he does. （本句包含两个名词性从句：What he says 是一个主语从句；what he does 是一个宾语从句）Where there is a will, there

15、 is a way. （Where引导一个表地点的状语从句）英语句子（按使用目的分）He likes swimming.He doesnt want to go out.Are you a student?Do you speak Japanese?Where do you live?Why are you here?Are you a teacher or a doctor?Do you want to stay at home or go out?John is very tall, isnt he?They didnt go , did they?Sit down, please.Don

16、tt make any noise.What fine weather it is!How beautiful the city is!经典句摘要：1. Typical of the grassland dwellers of the continent is the American antelope, or pronghorn. 美洲羚羊,或称叉角羚,是该大陆典型的草原动物.2. Of the millions who saw Haleys comet in 1986, how many people will live long enough to see it return in th

17、e twenty-first century.1986年看见哈雷慧星的千百万人当中,有多少人能够长寿到足以目睹它在二十一世纪的回归呢？3. Anthropologists have discovered that fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise are universally reflected in facial expressions.人类学家们已经发现,恐惧,快乐,悲伤和惊奇都会行之于色,这在全人类是共通的.4. Because of its irritating effect on humans, the use of phenol as

18、a general antiseptic has been largely discontinued.由于苯酚对人体带有刺激性作用,它基本上已不再被当作常用的防腐剂了.5. Insgroupsto remain in existence, a profit-making organization must, in the long run, produce something consumers consider useful or desirable.任何盈利组织若要生存,最终都必须生产出消费者可用或需要的产品.6. The greater the population there is i

19、n a locality, the greater the need there is for water, transportation, and disposal of refuse.一个地方的人口越多,其对水,交通和垃圾处理的需求就会越大.7. It is more difficult to write simply, directly, and effectively than to employ flowery but vague expressions that only obscure ones meaning.简明,直接,有力的写作难于花哨,含混而意义模糊的表达.8. With

20、 modern offices becoming more mechanized, designers are attempting to personalize them with warmer, less severe interiors.随着现代办公室的日益自动化,设计师们正试图利用较为温暖而不太严肃的内部装饰来使其具有亲切感.9. The difference between libel and slander is that libel is printed while slander is spoken.诽谤和流言的区别在于前者是书面的,而后者是口头的.10. The knee i

21、s the joints where the high bone meets the large bone of the lower leg.膝盖是大腿骨和小腿胫的连接处.11. Acids are chemical compounds that, in water solution, have a sharp taste, a corrosive action on metals, and the ability to turn certain blue vegetable dyes red.酸是一种化合物,它在溶于水时具有强烈的气味和对金属的腐蚀性,并且能够使某些蓝色植物染料变红.12.

22、Billie Holidays reputation as a great jazz-blues singer rests on her ability to give emotional depth to her songs.Billie Holidays作为一个爵士布鲁斯乐杰出歌手的名声建立在能够赋予歌曲感情深度的能力.13. Essentially, a theory is an abstract, symbolic representation of what is conceived to be reality.理论在本质上是对认识了的现实的一种抽象和符号化的表达.14. Long

23、before children are able to speak or understand a language, they communicate through facial expressions and by making noises.儿童在能说或能听懂语言之前,很久就会通过面部表情和靠发出噪声来与人交流了.15. Thanks to modern irrigation, crops now grow abundantly in areas where once nothing but cacti and sagebrush could live.受当代灌溉（技术设施）之赐,农作

24、物在原来只有仙人掌和荞属科植物才能生存的地方旺盛的生长.16. The development of mechanical timepieces spurred the search for more accurate sundials with which to regulate them.机械计时器的发展促使人们寻求更精确的日晷,以便校准机械计时器.17. Anthropology is a science in that anthropologists use a rigorous set of methods and techniques to document observation

25、s that can be checked by others.人类学是一门科学,因为人类学家采用一整套强有力的方法和技术来记录观测结果,而这样记录下来的观测结果是供他人核查的.18. Fungi are important in the process of decay, which returns ingredients to the soil, enhances soil fertility, and decomposes animal debris.真菌在腐化过程中十分重要,而腐化过程将化学物质回馈于土壤,提高其肥力,并分解动物粪便.19. When it is struck, a t

26、uning fork produces an almost pure tone, retaining its pitch over a long period of time.音叉被敲击时,产生几乎纯质的音调,其音量经久不衰.20. Although pecans are most plentiful in the southeastern part of the United States, they are found as far north as Ohio and Illinois.虽然美洲山河桃树最集中于美国的东南部但是在北至俄亥俄州及伊利诺州也能看见它们.21. Eliminati

27、ng problems by transferring the blame to others is often called scapegoating.用怪罪别人的办法来解决问题通常被称为寻找替罪羊.22. The chief foods eaten in any country depend largely on what grows best in its climate and soil.一个国家的主要食物是什么,大体取决于什么作物在其天气和土壤条件下生长得最好.23. Over a very large number of trials, the probability of an

28、events occurring is equal to the probability that it will not occur.在大量的实验中,某一事件发生的几率等于它不发生的几率.24. Most substance contract when they freeze so that the density of a substances solid is higher than the density of its liquid.大多数物质遇冷收缩,所以他们的密度在固态时高于液态.25. The mechanism by which brain cells store memori

29、es is not clearly understood.大脑细胞储存记忆的机理并不为人明白.26. By the middle of the twentieth century, painters and sculptors in the United States had begun to exert a great worldwide influence over art.到了二十一世纪中叶,美国画家和雕塑家开始在世界范围内对艺术产生重大影响.27. In the eastern part of New Jersey lies the city of Elizabeth, a major shipping and manufacturing center.伊丽莎白市,一个重要的航运和制造业中心,坐落于新泽西州的东部.28. Elizabeth Blackwe