高考复习之名词和冠词Word格式文档下载.docx

1、解析 B 根据句意：（人们）常说老师过着简朴的生活。抽象名词life在此处明显被具体化了，因此，第二空与前后构成have a very easy life过着简朴的生活。第一空为名词的复数表示的类指。（3）表示具有某种特性、状态、特点、情感、情绪的人和事等。She is a success in cause but a failure in marriage.她在事业上是个成功者，但在婚姻上却是个失败者。2.抽象名词有前置或后置修饰语时，前面用不定冠词，使之具体化。A happy life, a good education in that university, a wide knowled

2、ge of nature 等。注意：抽象名词表示泛指时一般不与冠词连用。what fun, fine weather, common knowledge, foreign trade。但如受of 短语修饰或在上下文中给予限定特指时，则在名词前加the 经典考题 If you grow up in _large family ,you are more likely to develop_ ability to get on well with_ others.（2005江西卷）A./;an ; the B. a ;the ;/C. the ;the D. a ;the 解析 B 抽象名词abi

3、lity被后置定语to get on well with _others 修饰，故抽象名词ability须具体化表特指即在其前加the 。而下文的others 强调泛指。第一空其实也是泛指“一个大家庭”。（二）冠词有无意义不同有无冠词含义有别，这种现象常常是一些固定搭配，学习时可通过对比记忆。out of question 毫无疑问的/out of the question 不可能的；take place 发生/take the place（of） 代替；two of them 他们中的两个/the two of them 他们两个；by day 在白天/by the day 按天计算；on

4、earth 究竟/on the earth 在地球上等。经典考题When he left_ college, he got a job as _reporter in a newspaper office.（2004天津卷）A .不填；a B.不填； the C. a; the D. the ;解析 A 本题考查定冠词的有无含义不同以及不定冠词的用法区别。第一空有无定冠词含义不同，即leave the school/college离开这所学校/院校；leave school/college 毕业、退学、离校。后一空填不定冠词，表示类别或身份，不是特指。经典考题 This book tells_

5、 life story of John Smith, who left_ school and worked for a newspaper at the age of 16.（2005辽宁卷）A. the ;the B. a ;the C. the ;不填 D. a ;不填解析C 考查定冠词的有无含义不同与特指的用法。第一空为特指，强调John Smith的生活故事。第二空仍考查leave the school与leave school的区别。前者强调离开后可能会再来，后者强调不再回来：与学校说再见。故根据句意leave school符合此题语境。经典考题 Her husband was p

6、ut into_ prison, and she has to go to _prison once a month to visit him.A. a ;the B. the ;the C.不填；不填 D.不填；解析D 此题考查冠词的有无意义不同的词组，即put sb .into prison坐牢，go to the prison去监狱。（三）名词的数和所有格名词的数主要包括名词的可数不敢当可数、可数名词的单复数问题、名词的类指以及名词复数的使用。1.可数名词的单复数（1）可数名词复数形式的基本变化：（2）不可数名词一般没有复数形式，若计量时，通常使用“数词或a/an/many+单位词+of

7、 +不可数名词”。There are two pieces of work for you to do: to buy a bowl of rice and to make three cups of tea.有两项工作给你做：去买一碗米饭，去沏三杯茶。经典考题The head office of the bank is in Beijing, but is has _all over the country.（2005A. companies B. branchesC. organizations D. businesses解析B 本题是一个多点考查题。既考查了名词复数形式的不同变化，又考查

8、了名词的辨析。以辅音字母加Y结尾的名词的复数：变Y为i再加es;以-ch, -sh,-s,-x等结尾的名词的复数：在其后加-es，少数直接加-s。再根据名意可知：这家银行的总部在北京，但它在世界各地都有很多分部。四个名词中branches有“分部、分店、支流”的意思，合句意。经典考题He gained his_ by printing _of famous writers.A. wealth; work B. wealths; worksC. wealths; work D. wealth;解析D 考查名词的单复数。wealth表示财富，是不可数名词；works作工厂、作品讲时，单、复数相同。

9、而work意为“工作”，是不可数名词。经典考题The commander said that two_ would be sent to Iraq front the next day.A. womens doctor B. women doctorsC. womens doctors D. women doctor解析 B man/woman作定语修饰可数名词复数时，将它们变为men/women。2.名词所有格名词所有格通常可分为三种：（1）.-s型所有格，主要用于生物名词，也可用于表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体、机构等无生命名词的所有格，如：todays newspaper;如果已是复数

10、形式结尾的名词，则在其后加“”。（2）.of 短语型所有格，主要用于无生命名词的所属关系，有时表示逻辑上的主谓、动宾、或同位关系。（3）.of短语型与-s型并用的双重所有格，即被修饰的名词前如有一个表示数量的词，如：a ,two, some, any, several, few, no, many, this, that, these, those等（常不能用the ）修饰时，可用“of+所有格（或名词性物主代词）”，如：This is a picture of his grandfather.这是他爷爷的一张照片。只表示他爷爷的一张照片，并非双重所有格而属of短语型所有格。再如：This i

11、s a picture of his grandfathers（pictures）.这是他爷爷照片中的一张。强调他爷爷照片中的其中一张，属双重所有格。经典考题_car broke down on the way home, but luckily they knew how to fix it .A. Toms and Jims B. Toms and JimC. Tom and Jims D. Tom and Jim解析C 考查所有格。由下文的they knew how to fix it 可知：两人都在车上，因此，为他们共有。而Toms and Jims即Toms car and Jims

12、 car则表明两人分别拥有的两辆车。故选Tom and Jins。经典考题 My grandfather used to be a general in the famous army. Look! Here are_.A. some pictures of his B. some pictures of himC. some his pictures D. his some of pictures解析A 考查双重所有格。根据双重所有格“of+所有格（或名词性物主代词）”原则可知此空应该是some pictures of his（pictures）,此句句意为：这是他照片中的一些（照片）。经典

13、考题 The railway station is _from our school.A. two hours drive B. two hours driveC. two hour drive D. two hours drive解析 B 考查复数形式的所有格。复数形式的所有格只在S后加“”。（四）名词作定语经典考题The _is just around the corner and you wont miss it.（2001上海卷）A. bicycles shop B. bicycle shopC. bicycles shop D. bicycle shop解析 B 考查名词作定语。在此

14、bicycle是起修饰作用的名词，不表示所有关系而表示类别，且名词作定语须用单数形式，故bicycle shop正确。经典考题 The little boy asked her grandpa to buy him a nice pair of _,so the grandpa went some_ stores.A. shoes; shoes B. shoes; shoeC. shoe; shoes D. shoe; shoe 解析 B 多点考查题即名词的单复数及名词作定语的用法。第一空的名词被a pair of 修饰，表示 “一双“，强调复数，故选shoes,由此，可判断正确选项在A、B中

15、。而第二空由于受some干扰，考生会误选A。其实，名词作定语须用单数形式，some修饰的中心词是stores。（五）集合名词与谓语1.某些集体名词，如：family, team, class, club, audience, committee, crowd, government, party, public, enemy, group, population, couple等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看，谓语动词用单数；如果作为一个个成员讲，谓语动词用复数。His family has moved to a new flat.他一家已搬到新房了。His whole family are w

16、atching TV now.他一家人正在看电视。经典考题His family _in Shanghai and his family _all music-lovers.A. live; is B. lives; is C. live; are D. lives; are解析D 考查特殊类群体名词与谓语的关系。第一个His family强调群体，故谓语动词须用单数；第二个his family强调每个成员，故谓语动词须用复数。因此，正确选项为D。2.某些集体名词，如：people, police, cattle等，只有复数形式，谓语动词须用复数。The police are searching

17、 for him.警察们正在搜寻他。但people作民族讲时，用作单数。The Chinese people is a great people.中华民族是一个伟大的民族。经典考题Many cattle your father is raising now_ kept on the farm.A. is B. was C. are D. were解析C 考查特殊类群体名词与谓语的关系。名中your father is raising now已暗示该用一般现在时且作定语，修饰many cattle,而cattle是被看作复数概念的集体名词，谓语动词须用复数。故选C。（六）名词近义词在语境中的辨析

18、名词近义词在语境中的辨析主要包括同义名词词义辨析、名词的固定搭配辨析。解决名词词义辨析的最有效方法就是平时多积累一些相关类的名词群，多理解琢磨它们之间的用法和区别，我与例句相结合去记忆和理解。经典考题My _of this weekends activity is going out with some good friends.A. idea B. opinion C. mind D. thought解析A 考查同义名词词义辨析。idea表示“（对事物的）想法、念头”；opinion表示“（评价性的）看法、主张”；mind 表示“（智力因素的）头脑、精神”；thought表示“（动脑的）思考

19、、思想”。本句强调周末活动安排的个人想法、念头。故用idea。经典考题I keep medicines on the top shelf ,out of the childrens _.（2004A. reach B. hand C. hold D. place解析A 考查名词的固定搭配辨析。句意为：我把药放在架子的顶部，这是孩子们够不着的地方。固定搭配out of ones reach够不着。选项B、C、D都不能表达此意。经典考题For the sake of her daughters health, she decided to move a warm_.（2002A. weather

20、B. temperature C. season D. climate解析 D 名词词义辨析题。weather天气，即给定时间和地点的大气状况；climate气候，即包括温度、降雨量及风等气象条件，在某一特别地带占主导地位。根据题意climate合适。三、小试牛刀（共30各小题， 15分钟完成）1. Many people agree that _ knowledge of English is a must in _ international trade today A. a; 不填 B. the; an C. the; the D. 不填; the2. Have you see _ pe

21、n? I left it here this morning Is it _ black one? I think I saw it somewhere. the B. the; the C. the; a D. a; a3. Paper money was in _ use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in _ thirteenth century A. the; the C. 不填; 不填4. Most animals have little connection with _ animals of _ different ki

22、nd unless they kill them for food A. the; a B. 不填; a C. the;5. The warmth of _ sweater will of course be determined by the sort of _ wool used 不填 C. 不填;6. Jumping out of _ airplane at ten thousand feet is quite _ exciting experience .the B. 不填；an C. an; an D. the;7. The sign reads “In case of _fire，

23、break the glass and push _red button ”.a B. 不填；the C. the；the D. a；8. When you come here for your holiday next time, dont go to _ hotel; I can find you _ bed in my flat . a B. the; 不填 C. a; the D. a;9. While he was investigating ways to improve the telescope, Newton made _ discovery which completely

24、 changed _ mans understanding of color . 不填 B. a; the C. 不填; the D. the;10. _ on-going division between English-speaking Canadians and French-speaking Canadians is _ major concern of the country .A. The; 不填 B. The; a C. An; the D. An;11. It is _world of wonders, world where anything can happen .the

25、B. a; a C. the ; a D. 不填；12. For a long time they walked without saying word. Jim was the first to break _ silence . a B. a; the C. a; 不填 D. the;13. Tom owns _larger collection of _ books than any other student in our class . 不填 C. a; the D. 不填;14. When you finish reading the book .you will have bet

26、ter understanding of life . the B. the; a C. 不填; the D. a;15. The Wilsons live in _ A-shaped house near the coast. It is _ 17th century cottage . 不填 B. an; the D. an;16. If you go by _ train, you can have quite a comfortable journey, but make sure you get _ first one. . the B. 不填; a D. 不填;17. On May 5, 2005, at _World Table Tennis Championship, Kong Linghui and Wang Hao won the gold medal in mens doubles with _ score of 4: 1 . a B. 不填;18. I cant remember when exactly the Rohinsons left _city. I only remember it was _Monday .A. the, the B. a; a D. th