动词的时语态学案文档格式.docx

1、will be doing将来完成进行时will have been doing过去将来过去将来一般时would do过去将来完成时would have done过去将来进行时would be doing过去将来完成进行时would have been doing一一般现在时的用法1、一般现在时表示现在经常发生或习惯性的行为或状态，常与usually, always, every day, twice a week, seldom, sometimes等时间状语连用。2、一般现在时表示主语的性格、特征、能力等He works hard .他工作很努力3、一般现在时表示客观事实或普遍真理，也用在

2、格言中。The sun rises in the east.太阳从东方升起。4、在时间、条件、比较等状语从句中表将来的动作（主将从现）在由when, if, after, before, as, as soon as, the minute, the next time, in case, though, till, until, unless, so long as, where, whatever, whenever等引导的状语从句中，常用一般现在时代替将来时，但应注意，主句的谓语动词必须用一般将来时。The volleyball match will be put off if it r

3、ains. 如果下雨，排球赛将推迟注意：if从句之后可接表示将来的be going to吗可以。在 if 之后，通常不能接表示“将来”的will，但可以用be going to表示意图或打算。如以下例句均摘自权威词书：If youre going to join us, well wait for you. 如果你打算和我们一起来，我们就等你。I dare say youll phone me if youre going to be late tonight. 我想如果你今天夜里回来得晚，会给我打电话的吧。但如果强调“意愿”，从句中也可以用“will”.如：If he will go, no

4、body can stop him.5.有些表示感觉、感官、情感、存在或所有等方面的动词如： know,look,forget,remember,understand,want,feel,seem,mind,see,hear,notice,smell, like, love, please, hope, have（有）,lie（位于）,appear, remain, exist, belong, be, hate, think, find ,sound等，一般用现在时而不用进行时。如：I want to see him at the moment.二一般过去时的用法1、在确定的过去时间里所发生

5、的动作或存在的状态。 时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。Where did you go just now?2、表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。When I was a child, I often played football in the street. Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome. 3、句型：It is time for sb. to do sth到时间了该

6、了It is time sb. did sth. 时间已迟了早该了It is time for you to go to bed.你该睡觉了。It is time you went to bed.你早该睡觉了。would （had） rather sb. did sth.表示宁愿某人做某事Id rather you came tomorrow. 4、 wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。比较：一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。Christ

7、ine was an invalid all her life. （含义：她已不在人间。） Christine has been an invalid all her life. 她现在还活着） Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. 达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. （ 含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去） 注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。Did you

8、want anything else?I wondered if you could help me. 2）情态动词 could, would. Cou ld you lend me your bike?3） used to / be used to used to + do：过去常常表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但如今已不存在。Mother used not to be so forgetful. Scarf used to take a walk.（过去常常散步） be used to + doing： 对已感到习惯，或习惯于，to是介词，后需加名词或动名词。He is used to a

9、vegetarian diet. Scarf is used to taking a walk.（现在习惯于散步） A. didntB. couldntC. dontD. cant 答案A. 本句虽没有明确的时间状语，但从语意上看 出，在听的时候没有听懂这个动作发生在过去，因此应用过去时。5.何时、何地、何种方式做某事时，要用过去时。6.语境中的一般过去时，往往表示“刚才，在过去”，暗示现在已“不再这样”。Please come in, Peter. I want to show you something._Oh, how nice of you! I never thought you w

10、ere going to bring me a gift.三过去进行时与一般过去时的区别区别一：过去进行时强调动作在过去某时刻正在进行或持续，而一般过去时表示动作的完成。He was writing his composition last night. 他昨晚在写作文。（不一定写完） He wrote his composition last night. 他昨晚写了一篇作文。（已经写完） 区别二：表示过去的状态、感觉及心理活动的静态动词（如be, like, love, hate, fear, own, hear, see, know, want, notice）可用于一般过去时，但通常不

11、用于进行时。I hated it when a man spoke with his mouth full of food. 我讨厌人们说话时口里含着食物。区别三：一般过去时与 always, constantly, forever, continually 等连用，表示“过去经常性、习惯性的动作”；而过去进行时与 always, constantly, forever, continually 等连用，表示动作的重复，常带有感情 色彩。如He always got up at six. 他过去总是六点起床。He was always thinking of his work. 他总是一心想到

12、工作。区别四：有时过去进行时可以用来替换一般过去时，但一般过去时表示主语的行为是经过认真考虑的；而过去进行时表示一种较随便或没有进行仔细考虑的行为。I thought that he would agree with us. 我原以为它会同意我们的。I was thinking of persuading him to follow my advice.我想到了要说服他接受我们的建议四进行时注意事项1.一个长动作作为背景，被一个短动作打断，长动作往往用进行时，短动作用一般时。My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt him

13、self.2.表示动作的未完性，暂时性。A:Have you moved into the new house?B:Not yet.The house is being painted.3.表示计划，安排要做的事。Ive won a holiday for two days to Florida.I am taking my Mum.4.表示现在或当时发展中的或正在进行的情况。I first met Lisa 3 years ago.She was working at a radio shop at the time.5.表示反复出现或习惯性的动作，往往含有赞赏，厌恶，遗憾等情绪，常与alw

14、ays,continually,constantly等连用。He is always thinking of others first.6.瞬间动词的进行式可以表示将来。Look at the dark clouds.It is going to rain.五现在完成时和一般过去时的区别现在完成时是和过去、现在都有关系的时态。一般过去时单纯表示过去某时发生的动作，与现在没有任何联系。What did she say about it?What has she said to make you so angry?瞬间动词又叫非延续性动词，终止性动词。瞬间动词一般不用于完成时态，也不可以与表示一段

15、时间的状语连用，若要与表示一段时间的状语连用，需要做一些相应的变换。瞬间动词的否定式可用于完成时，否定式可以与表示一段时间的状语连用。He has joined the army for 3 years.（）He has served in the army for years.（）He joined the army years ago.（）He has been a soldier for It is years since he joined the army.（）He has joined the army.（）常见的瞬间动词有：come, go , get to /reach/arr

16、ive at ,leave, buy ,sell ,open ,close ,get up ,join/take part in, begin/start, return/give,Borrow/lend,become/turn,bring/take,die,finish/end,receive/hearfrom,marry,break,lose,jump等。六使用现在完成时应注意的几点（1）现在完成时不能和明确表示过去的时间状语（如yesterday, last week, in 1976, two days ago, just now等）连用，但可以和下列不确定的时间状语连用，如never

17、, ever, always, yet, already, before, just, lately, so far, recently等She has already come.她已经来了。I have met him before.我以前曾见过他。（2）现在完成时还可以和表示从过去某时刻延续到现在 （包括现在在内）的时间状语连用。如today，this year，these days，this morning等It has been hot this summer. 今年夏天一直很热。（说话时仍是夏天）I have written two letters this morning. 今天上

18、午我写了两封信（说话时仍是上午）（3）表示短暂意义的动词，如open，go，come，die，leave，arrive，begin， returnstop等，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。如要表达他离开这儿已经3年了这一意思时，不能说 He has left here for three years. 而要把其中的动词换为延续性动词或用其他表达法。如上句可用下列方式表达:He has been away from here for three years.He left here three years ago. It is three years since he left here. （4

19、）have/has been to表示到过某个地方，而have/has gone to表示已经去了某处。He has been to the Great Wall.他到过长城。（现在他已不在长城）（5）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know. 过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。举例：延续动词与瞬间动词1） 用于完成时的区别 延续动词表示经验、经历； 瞬间动词表示行为的结 果，可与完成时连用，

20、但不能与表示段的时间状语连用。He has already come.He has been here for half an hour. He has completed the work.他已完成了那项工作。 （表结果） ve known him since then.我从那时起就认识他了。（表经历） 2）用于till / until从句的差异 延续动词用于肯定句，表示做直到 瞬间动词用于否定句，表示到，才He didnt come back until ten oclock. 他到10 点才回来。He slept until ten oclock. 他一直睡到10点。活动与探究1. Yo

21、u dont need to describe her. I _ her several times. A. had metB. have metC. metD. meet 答案B. 首先本题后句强调对现在的影响，我知道她的模样，你不用描述。再次，several times告知为反复发生的动作，因此用现在完成时。2. -Im sorry to keep you waiting. -Oh, not at all. I _ here only a few minutes. A. have beenB. had beenC. wasD. will be 答案A. 等待的动作由过去开始，持续到现在，应

22、用现在完能力提升. Millions of pounds worth of damage _by a storm which swept across the north of England last night.（2005年重庆卷）A. has been caused B. had been caused C. will be caused D. will have been caused七一般将来时1.表示将来时的八种常见方法。（1“will /shall+动词原形”表示将来时态，如;What will the world be like in 600 years?（2） 用“be go

23、ing to+动词原形”表示。主要表示打算和预测这种结构表示打算、计划、决定要做的事或肯定要发生的事。They are going to meet outside the school gate.他们打算在校门口见面。还可表示说话人根据已有的事实或迹象，认为某事即将发生、肯定会发生或可能出现的情况。 I think Im going to die. 我想我要死了。（现在生命垂危） Look at the cloud. Its going to rain.瞧那乌云，天要下雨了。（乌云密布，使我断定天要下雨）这种结构表示肯定、预测，注定会。在这种情况下可以和think, hope, want, b

24、elieve, like等表示静态的动词连用。 He failed in the exam; he knew he was going to when he looked at the test paper.他没考及格，他一看试卷就知道考不及格。The voters arent going to like him.选民们不会喜欢他的。We are not going to stay there long. 我们不准备在那里多待。（表打算）Im afraid theyre going to lose the game. 恐怕他们会赛输。（表预测）Look, its going to rain.

25、瞧，要下雨了。（表预见） be going to 后接动词go和come时，通常直接改用其进行时态。Where is he going to go? / Where is he going? 他打算到哪里去？不用 be going to而用will的情况.A. 带有条件、时间状语从句的句子。Shell tell you if you ask her. B.单纯表示的未来的情况。 Can you tell us what the world will be like in 2010?C.当谈到一连串的事情时。 Ill put on my best clothes, drive my new ca

26、r and visit him.（3） 用“be to+动词原形”表示。主要表示按计划或安排即将要发生的动作；有时也表示命令、禁止或可能性。be to+动词原形表示约定的、计划中的或按职责、义务要求要发生的动作,这种动作通常是人的意志所能控制的，或用于征求意见。但不能表示客观的情况。 Theres to be a slide show this afternoon.今天下午放映幻灯片。Tell him hes not to be back late. 告诉他不准迟回。（4） 用“be about to+动词原形”表示。打算或据安排即将发生的动作。它不与表示具体时间的副词或其他时间状语连用。Th

27、e English evening is about to start.英语晚会即将开始。He is about to leave. 他即将要离开。Sit down, everyone. The film is about to start. 大家坐好，电影马上就要开发始了。 （5） 用“be due to+动词原形”表示。主要表示按计划或时间表将要发生某事：He is due to leave very soon. 他很快就要离开。His book is due to be published in October. 他的书计划10月份出版。（6） 用现在进行时（即be现在分词）表示。主要表

28、示按计划或安排要发生的事。限于少数动词，通常是一些瞬间动词。arrive, die, plan, come, go, start, begin, leave, stay（开始离去借来还，出生入死买到家）如：The students are leaving on Sunday. 学生们星期日出发。注：该用法有时表示即将发生的动作。Im leaving. 我走了。（7） 用一般现在时表示。表示按规定或时间表预计要发生的事。通常与时刻表有关。伴有表示未来的时间状语。动词常用arrive, begin, start, open, close , leave. return, come, be, end

29、如：The train leaves at 7:25 this evening. 火车今晚7:25分开。Tomorrow is Wednesday. 明天是星期三。在表示时间、条件等的状语从句以及某些名词性从句、定语从句等中，也用一般现在时表示将来意义，参见“一般现在时”的有关用法。（8）be on the point of +v ing 强调即将发生的某种事态。例如：The baby was on the point of crying when her mother finally came home. 2.三种将来时间表示法的比较“will / shall动词原形”与“be going to 动词原形”两者均可表示将来时间和意图，两者有时可换用。I think itll rain this evening. / I think its going to rain this evening.我想今晚会下雨。I wont tell you about it. / Im not going to tell you about it.我不