1、高考英语专题复习-完形填空解题技巧指导格式塔心理学:当看见不完整的事物时,人们根据脑子里对事物的完整概念,会在思想上把它补全。即:补全心理一.高中英语课程标准和考试说明对高考完形填空的规定:完形填空是高考试题中的一个重要部分。完形填空共20题,考试时间为20分钟左右,分值为30分,占总分的20。在两篇题材熟悉、难度适中的短文(约350词)内留有20个空格,每个空格为一题,每题有四个选择项,要求考生在全面理解内容的基础上选择一个最佳答案,使短文的意思和结构恢复完整。完形填空部分的目的是测试学生综合运用语言的能力(测试能力要求大体接近大学非英语专业二年级水平。)完型填空考查综合运用语言的能力:1)
2、词语辨析能力2)语法结构分析能力3)语篇理解能力4)逻辑推理能力5)文化背景透析能力6)生活常识综合运用能力 二:完型填空试题主要特点:1.通常从一篇300-350词左右,文章中设空20个,首句不挖空; 2. 内容完整, 逻辑性强, 语言结构严谨。生词少, 难度适中。 3. 干扰项设计严密.一般情况下,四个选项的词性相同或属于同等或对等范畴,干扰项填入后在语法上一般不存在错误,对考生有很大的迷惑作用; 4.突出语篇(语境),强调应用,注重交际; 5. 考察重点多为实词: 名词 / 代词 /动词 / 形 容词 / 副词等;单词为主、短语为辅。 6. 关注语境背景知识, 侧重上下关联, 暗示判断能
3、力。 7.大多富有积极的教育意义,给人以人生的启迪或是充满了生活情趣;记叙文对于叙事,描述类文章。短文的首句,往往点明故事发生的人物(who),时间(when),地点(where),和事件(what)等背景情况。例: It was a busy morning,about 8:30,when an elderly gentleman in his 80s came to the hospital .议论文1、议论文的设题往往多以上下文为基础,利用承前信息或滞后信息,使读者有所依托。2、议论文中表达作者态度或看法的词较多,所以,试题中对形容词和副词的考查往往也较多。问题跳跃性较大。我们做题时,既
4、要看事实,又要感悟作者的态度与情感。 对于论述文,首句表明了论述的主题。起到揭示主题的作用。例如: A man who knows how to write a personal letter has a very powerful tool. A letter can be enjoyed, read and 21 . 说明文说明文直白性较强,脉络清晰。2、说明文的层次清晰,整体性强,所以,递进性词汇和名词的设题往往出现得较多。只要把握这些关键,做完形填空便会得心应手,游刃有余。完形填空总体要求完形填空全面考查学生的语言知识、阅读理解能力和总体语言水平。 解题过程是对语篇中的缺失信息进行猜测
5、、推断、验证的过程,需要我们立足语篇环境,树立全局观念,瞻前顾后,连贯思维,从语境角度来选择答案。高考完形填空考什么?1. 词汇题2. 语法结构3. 篇章结构(语境) 为什么我们在这一题型上总是失分较多?1. 没有严格遵循答题步骤:很多考生一拿到完形填空题就急于选择答案,不认真分析通篇文章,单纯求快,忽略语篇理解,只看局部的词义辨析、搭配和语法结构。表面上解题速度挺快,但是这种见树不见林的做法只会影响解题的质量和效率。切记:一定要用2-3分钟时间先进行缺词阅读,弄清文章大意和基本脉络后再着手逐个填空. 2. 不注意积累答题技巧: a.忽略文章首句的提示作用; b.忽略文章中上下文之间的照应关系
6、; c.遇到长句不注意分析句子结构,在语义模糊时抱碰运气的心理随意作出选择. 3.时间安排不当:在几个选项上过分纠缠,追求完美,导致许多本可以做出的题来不及做。 切记:正确的做法是由易到难,先做会做的,再考虑较难的。强烈推荐:如尚有几题题目不确定可将某题的可能的两项填入空格, 然后快速地整句整段地默读, 选择某一项习惯或短语或动宾搭配读起来较流畅的.四. 解题方法:总的原则: 先完意,后完形。十六字方针:上下通气 ,瞻前顾后,左顾右盼,前后照应 。 三步曲: 读填读五. 完形填空具体解题步骤通览-选填-复核 1 通览-速读全文,把握大意 跳格快速阅读一下全文,通过通览全文、领会大意,概略地了解
7、文章的体裁、背景、内容等等。 2 选填-紧扣文意,瞻前顾后 先易后难,逐层深入。紧扣全文内容,联系上下文和语境,展开逻辑推理,注意从上下文中寻找线索,注意词汇的意义、搭配,惯用法,语法,常识等多个角度进行综合考,选项入格。3 复核-全面检查,确保语意连贯,用词准确复读全文验证答案。带着答案把全文再通读一遍 ,注意看所选答案填入空白处后能否做到文章意思通顺、前后连贯、逻辑严谨、结构完整、首尾呼应。完形填空之解题技巧-Basic skills of cloze 细读文章的第一句话高考完形填空选文的第一句话通常是完整的。该句往往就是主题句(Topic Sentence),这就为我们理解文章的内在联系
8、提供了一个“窗口”,它的句意往往为全文提供中心信息,能直接概括全文大意、揭示主题。 充分重视首句的标示作用,利用它为解题找到一个突破口,据此展开思维,争取开局胜利。一:词汇题1. 上下文和前后句的提示(复现、同/近义词、反义词)1.( 北京卷)Mrs. Neidl would ask me for my 37 . She wanted to know how I thought She believed I had opinions, so I began to .37. A.opinion B.impression C.information D.intention 语境-原词重现2. (陕
9、西卷) I had some 28 in my pocker, but I would not give them to him, thinking to myself he would 29( only) use the money to feed his addiction to drugs or alcohol. 28. A. chocolates B. coins C. tins D. drugs语境-同义词、近义词复现3. Many old people dont have good _. They cant watch TV, but they can listen to musi
10、c or news over the radio .A hearing B health C eyesight D time4. Some parts of the water are very shallow. But in some places it is very, very_. A. deep B.high C. cold D. dangerous5. Chinese government challenged local shools to conduct experiments in-educationreform. And then Renda Fuzhong Xisan Sc
11、hool in Beijing stepped up to the_. A. charges B. exchange C. challenge D. experience语境-原词重现(词性变化)6. and then both ended up from the same high school. Just three weeks before_, Bill asked Mark if they could talk.(2003北京)A graduation B movement C separation D vacation7The amount of usable water has a
12、lways been of great interest in the world. Holding springs and streams sometimes means control, particularly in the 22 areas like the desert. 22Adry Bdistant Cdeserted Dwild 8The correct water supply forecast is based more on the water from the 34 than from the below. 34Aclouds Bsky Cair Dabove 9In
13、1964 Shirley graduated from Gallaudet and looked for _44_.She wanted to be independent and work full time. 44.A.informationB.helpC.a job D.an assistant10. The stone men face 41,rather than out to sea, and their eyes are focused upon the sky. 41. A. forward B. outward C. onward D. inward11.The art ex
14、perts who work at the gallery say they used modern chemistry technology to 45 the paint on the picture. These checks found traces(痕迹) of paint deep in the picture dating from about 1814.45. A. try B. remove C. wash D. check词汇题2.词语的习惯用法和固定搭配 1. (全国I) The nurse had him take a 36 in the waiting area, 37(telling) him it would be at least 40 minutes 38(before) someone would be able to see him . 36 A. breath B. test C. seat D. break 语境-固定搭配2.The city(Washington) was named_George Washington, the first president of the United States. A. by B. for C. as D.
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