中考主谓一致.docx

1、中考主谓一致中考英语语法复习主谓一致概念：主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。1.语法或形式一致原则遵循三个原则 J 2.意义一致原则-3.就近一致原则主谓一致是初、高中阶段的重要语法项目之一，从近年中考的试题来看，中 考对于主谓一致的考题主要考 知识的记忆情况。考查主谓一致的常见题型有单项选择、完形填空、翻译句子、同义句转换、 时态填空、单句改错、短文改错等等，尤其要注意 书面表达，因为汉语中没有相应的这种谓语动词的变化，所以英语的主谓一致也是困扰广大中国学生的一大心 病，很多学生在挥毫泼墨之时，此类错误比比皆是，严重影响文章的水平，考试 中必将拉低得分的档次。因此，掌握好主谓一

2、致对于提高英语水平和取得理想成 绩都至关重要，找出句子的真正主语是关键。同时，必须遵循三个原则，下面， 我们就来看一下具体情况：1.语法或形式一致原则(1)单数名词(代词)、不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用 单数；复数名词(代词)作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：He a tall man. (be)Some bread on the table. (be)The boys playing football. (be) 当and或both.and.连接两个或三个名词(代词)作主语时，谓语动词用 复数。女口： ( Both ) Lucy and Lily good students. (be)*注：在

3、意义上指同一人、同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数 ，and后面的名词无冠词。女口： The sin ger and dan cer talk ing with his stude nts over there. (be)The sin ger and the dan cer talk ing happily. (be)*注：and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体，当 bread and butter(黄油抹面包),knife and fork(刀叉)等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。女口： Fish and chips always his favorite food. (be) 单数主语后面

4、即使带有 由 with, together with, like, but, except, besides, as well as等构成的介词短语时，谓语动词仍用单数。介词短语一般不作主语。女口： She as well as the other student learned how to type. (have)Mr Green with his children watching TV now. (be)Every one except Li Lei here whe n the meeti ng bega n. (be)(4) 不定代词 each, another, the othe

5、r, either, neither和由 some, any, no, every one或thing构成复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用 单数形式。女口： Everything ready. (be)* (5) every., every.and every., each., each.and eachno and no 作主语时， 谓语动词用单数。如: Each boy and (each) girl an apple in their han ds. (have)No man and no woma n (like) these shoes.(6)one, every one, each

6、, each one, any one, neither, either+ of+复数名词作主 语，谓语动词用单数。如: Each of us a bike. (have)Every one of the stude nts liste ning to the teacher carefully. (be)注：each作同位语时，谓语动词与主语保持一致。女口： We each a pen friend. = We a pen friend each. (have)(7)none作主语，指人或可数的物，表示数目，谓语单数复数都可以。如果指不可 数名词，表示量，谓语动词用单数。女口： None o

7、f them the right size. (be)Jim has used up all the money. Non left. (be)(8)只有复数形式的名词 (clothes, pants, shoes, shorts, gloves, trousers, glasses, scissors作主语时，谓语动词用 复数。女口： My trousers new. (be)(9)数量词+单位词+of+不可数名词或可数名词复数”结构作主语，谓语动词与单 位词一致。e.g. This pair of trousers too short for me. (be)Two cups of tea

8、 on the table. (be)* (10) more than one +单数名词， 不止一个”意义复数，谓语动词用单数。many a + 单数名词，许多”意义复数，谓语动词用单数。 one and a half +复数可数名词作主语，谓语动词一般用单数。e.g. More tha n one pers on hurt in the accide nt. (be)Many a stude nt play ing games on the playgro und. (be)One and a half apples left on the table. (be)(11)不定式、动名词或从

9、句作主语，谓语动词一般用 单数。e.g. To study hard our job. (be)Swimming good for our health. (be)*在 主系表”结构中，如果以what从句作主语，表语又是单数，主句的谓 语动词一般用单数；如果表语是复数，主句的谓语动词一般用复数。What he said true. (be)What his father left him a few En glish books. (be)*注：如果主语是两个(或两个以上的)名词性从句，谓语动词常用复数。e.g. What he said and what he did always diff

10、ere nt last ni ght . (be)(12)a lot of(lots of, plenty of, most of) +名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数 取决于名 ?词。女口： There plenty of rain in this area every year. (be)A lot of people swimming in the river at the moment. (be)(13)百分数(或分数)+ of+名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数 取决于名词。如: Over 70 percent of the earth covered with water. (be)On

11、e third of the workers in the factory women. (be)注：population作为整体，谓语动词为单数；主语指 人口中的一部分”时，其 谓语动词为复数。女口： The populati on of China larger tha n that of In dia. (be)80 perce nt of the populati on of China farmers. (be)(14)a number / group of +cn (pl) 许多”谓语动词用 复数，the number of +cn( pl) “的数目”谓语动用 单数。e.g. A

12、 number of books missing from the library. (be)The number of workers in this factory growing. (be)Look! There a group of people over there. What is happening? (be)(15)在定语从句中，关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句中谓语动词 与先行词保持一 致。one of + n.(pl.)为先行词，从句谓语动词用 复数；the only/very/right one of + n.(pl.) 为先行词，从句谓语动词用单数。e.g. Jim is

13、 one of the students who praised. (be)Jim is the only one of the students who praised. (be)*(16)在强调句中，连接代词又在句中作主语，这时它应与被强调的主语保持一致。e.g. It is Mary s brother who hurt in the car accident yesterday.(be)2.意义一致原则(1) 集体名词(family, group, crowd, class, team，government)作主语时，谓语动词要 根据主语的意思来决定。如表示 整体概念，谓语动词用单数；

14、如表示集体中 的成员，谓语动词用复数。女口： Our class very big. (be)Our class talking about the film. (be) 有生命的people, police，cattle (家畜)，youth等集合名词作主语时，谓语动 词一律用复数；但traffic等无生命的集体名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 女口： How many people there in your family? (be)The traffic very heavy in the morning. (be)*注：people当民族”讲时，有单复数的变化，谓语动词由它的形式决定。女

15、口： The Chin ese people a great people. (be)There 56 peoples in Chi na. (be)(3)表示时间、金钱、距离、度量、数学运算等的词或短语作主语，尽管是复数形 式，通常被看作一个 整体，谓语动词用单数形式。女口： Ten years passed since Mr Green came to China. (have)Ten dollars eno ugh. (be)What one and two? It three. (be) 以-s结尾，而意义为单数的名词或不可数名词(如news,physics, maths politics 等),或专有名词(如 the United States, the New Times, the United Nations 等)作主语时，谓语动词用单数。女口： It exciting news.(be)*注：表示群岛、山脉、瀑布、奥运会 等专有名词被看做复数，谓语也用复数形式，e.g. The Olympic Games held every four years. (be)Chinese, French, English, Japanes等作主语，表示语言，谓语用单数；与the连用，表示人，谓语