中南林业科技大学 毕业论文Word文档格式.docx

1、 英 语 论文题目： Deserted Chrysanthemums, Disillusioned DesireInterpretation of Symbolism in “The Chrysanthemums” 丢弃的菊花，破灭的渴望菊花的象征主义解读 指导教师： 评阅教师：2010年05月18日Deserted Chrysanthemums, Disillusioned DesireInterpretation of Symbolism in “The Chrysanthemums”By ZENG XiaoyiTHESISSubmitted in Partial Fulfillment

2、of the Requirements forThe Degree of Bachelor of ArtsIn the College of Foreign Studies of Central South University of Forestry & TechnologySupervisor: Associate Professor XXX May 2010 Technology Table of ContentsAcknowledgements .Abstract. 摘要. 1 Introduction.12 The Status quo of Research on The Chry

3、santhemums.2 2.1 The relevant research on The Chrysanthemums 3 2.2 The motivation and feasibility of my study.53 The Theoretical FoundationSymbolism.74 The Symbolism in The Chrysanthemums.74.1 The symbolic meaning in natural scenery .84.1.1 The symbolic meaning in the setting. 84.1.2 The symbolic me

4、aning in the garden and fence.10 4.2 The symbolic meaning in characters 114.2.1 The symbolic meaning in the personality of the characters.12 4.2.2 The symbolic meaning in the connection of the characters.174.3 The symbolic meaning in the image chrysanthemum.194.4 The symbolic meaning in the writing

5、devices.225 Conclusion.24References.25AcknowledgementsI would like to make use of this opportunity to show my hearty gratitude to many people. First I particularly appreciate the guidance of my tutor, Associate Professor DENG Manjiao, who gave me a lot of valuable instructions and detailed correctio

6、n, and she also tried her best to supply me with the best study conditions to prepare my thesis. It is her kindness that made me finally able to complete this thesis. My appreciation also goes to my classmates, who gave me help and suggestions when I had troubles. Finally, I would like to express my

7、 thanks to all my friends for their encouragement and support in my work.AbstractThe Chrysanthemums was written by American novelist Steinbeck. The work had caused great attention in the contemporary critical circle. It was regarded as “one of the greatest short novel in the world”.In this novel, St

8、einbeck successfully expressed his view with the employment of symbolism. Symbolism had been used throughout the novel and it was also the usage of symbolism which had brought vigor and vitality to the whole novel. Symbolism is of great significance in The Chrysanthemums. Since the work The Chrysant

9、hemums was published, most researches about the work was done on its feminism and realism, while these on the symbolism were comparatingly scarce. The thesis aims to analyze the specific symbolic meaning in The Chrysanthemums from the four main factorsnatural scenery, characters，the image and writin

10、g devices in the novel. The thesis cites the symbolism theory to further illustrate the great significance of the employment of symbolism in literature.Key Words: The Chrysanthemums; symbolism; interpretation; women awareness摘要斯坦贝克的短篇小说菊花一经出版就引起了评论界的很大关注和争议，被誉为“世界上最伟大的短篇小说之一”。在这部作品中，斯坦贝克成功地借助象征手法表达自

11、己深层次的思想。象征手法的使用贯穿全文，它使得整部作品都充满了生机与活力。象征手法在该作品中具有至关重要的作用。自菊花发表以来，有关它的研究主要围绕它的女性主义和现实主义展开，而对于象征手法的研究则缺乏系统地分析。本文主要从该作品中的自然景观、人物、意象、写作手法四大要素中系统地分析象征手法的运用，并阐述其具体的象征含义。本文引用了象征主义的理论来进一步揭示象征手法在文学创作中的重要意义。关键词：菊花；象征主义；解读；女性意1 Introduction Born in Salinas, California on February 27, 1902, John Steinbeck set mu

12、ch of his writings in the Salinas Valley near San Francisco. Steinbecks lifelong interest in the mystery and beauty of nature began with his boyhood experience with animals, birds, trees and flowers which were abundant in and outside Salinas. Steinbecks father was a county treasurer. From his mother

13、, a teacher, Steinbeck learned to love books. Steinbeck attended the local high school and worked on farms and ranches during his vacations. Between 1920 and 1926, he studied marine biology at Stanford University, but did not take a degree. Several of his early poems and short stories appeared in un

14、iversity publications. After spending a short time as a laborer and reporter in New York City for the American, Steinbeck returned to California. While writing, Steinbeck took odd jobs. He was apprentice painter, caretaker of an estate, surveyor, and fruit-picker. These life experiences enriched his

15、 writings. His most important writings were from his first-hand experience. His early writings were mostly about romantic stories. When he was as a watchman of a house in the High Sierra, Steinbeck wrote his first romantic book: Cup of Gold （1929）. After that he wrote some other romantic books such

16、as The Pasture of Heaven and To a God Unknown. His perfect reflections of the 1930s earned him Pulitzer Prize in 1940（The Grapes of Wrath）, and in 1962, a Nobel Prize for Literature.The Chrysanthemums was written in 1934 and was included in Steinbecks only short novel collection The Long Valley. Whe

17、n it was published, this novel was well received by the readers and the critics. It was regarded as the most successful novel of Steinbeck and one of the greatest short novels in the world. As a male writer, Steinbecks works mainly focus on the poor-class people and female characters seldom appear i

18、n his works. In this novel, Steinbeck portrayed an unforgettable female character and revealed womens difficult position and hard destiny in the 1930s of America. Though the plot is simple and the narration is uncomplicated, Steinbeck depicted the mind world and the mental progress of a woman who li

19、ved in a society dominated by the men. 2 The Status quo of Research on The ChrysanthemumsIn the novel The Chrysanthemums Steinbeck successfully created several typical characters with an unusually narrative structure. One typical features of the novel was the usage of symbolism. The author Steinbeck

20、 successfully expressed his view by the employment of symbolism. Symbolism has great significance in The Chrysanthemums. However, most of the research done on The Chrysanthemums was through the analysis about its feminism and realism. 2.1 The relevant research about The ChrysanthemumsAs to the femin

21、ism, a female reader said that this novel presents a story about a female Elisa Allen from aspects of setting and character to explore the growth progress of Elisas personality and to find out the rich feminist meanings behind it. （郑玲玲，2006）Another writer said that in the short story, the famous Ame

22、rican novelist John Steinbeck describes objectively the state of the existence of the heroine Elisa and the repression from the nature environment, phallus culture and sexual consciousness that Elisa receives as a female.（段艳丽，2007）Ecofeminists emphasizes the identity and the close relations between

23、nature and female ,and think that the males oppression that the female bear is equal to the human civilizations oppression that nature has. In John Steinbecks The Chrysanthemum ,this theme is reflected by the description of Elisa Allens deep feelings of the chrysanthemums ,and Henrys and the tinkers

24、 attitudes towards them ,which has profound and lasting significance.（ 刘红娥，2008）As to the realism，a scholar tries to do his paper to interpret the short story in light of Sigmund Freuds sex and psychoanalytical theory so that the readers can fully understand its theme.（冯瑞贞，2003）And another one belie

25、ves that John Steinbeck explored hard into the social problems of his time and tries to represent them into his works. It is no wonder his works are mostly carried realism-this literary mode of writing that gives impression of recording and sometimes reflecting faithfully the actual life of the 1930

26、s.（龙中莲，2009）According to LIU Ying and WU Lin, The Chrysanthemums, one of the most famous short fictions of the w ell - known American novelist , John Steinbeck, successfully depict s a woman frustrated by the reality. The contrasting descriptions reveal Elisas conflicting attitudes towards herself a

27、nd society as w ell as the contradiction between her dream and the reality in the realization of self-value as a female in man-dominated society. The analysis of contrasting descriptions can help readers find out that the root of Elisas psychological struggle and continual restraint lie in the cogni

28、tive limitation to the female role by society.（ 刘莹，2009） Finally, a scholar said that the theme of the short story bears its ambiguity and appeal for readers to explore further, which is closely related to its dramatic narrative mode, one that calls for readers active participation to seek more reas

29、onable interpretations. The theme of this short story aims at revealing a tragic fact that females spiritual pursuits are totally ignored even objected by the surrounding world, and this also reflects the deep crisis of isolation and commitment existed in the human beings spiritual state. （孔瑞，2009）2

30、.2 The motivation and feasibility of my studySince the publication of The Chrysanthemums, many readers have done much research on the feminism and realism. There is no doubt that symbolism plays an important role in the work. However, many readers just have done some researches on this point sparsel

31、y. Therefore, there is a lack of systematic analyses of symbolism in this novel and the deep reason of social background laid in symbolism. The use of symbolism is creative and changeable. Many readers may have different ideas on the same thing.Steinbeck employed symbolism many times in the work and had influenced m