网球在中西方的发展差异学士学位论文Word文件下载.docx

1、2.1 Chinese society 112.2 Western society 13III. The difference of tennis between China and West in economy aspect 153.1 Chinese economy 153.2 Western economy 17Conclusion 19Bibliography 20Acknowledgements 21网球在中西方的发展差异摘 要 网球起源于西方，在西方已有一百多年的发展历史，而后相继传入世界各地。网球到达中国的时间较晚，但近几年发展迅猛，2004年雅典奥运会，2006年澳网女子双打

2、冠军，2011年法网女子单打冠军，标志着我国女子网球项目的迅速崛起。但是，就总体而言，我国网球运动与西方国家相比，还是存在着巨大的差异，落后于世界先进水平。因此如何从若干领域比较中国网球运动和西方网球运动发展的相同之处与不同之处，从而找出对我国网球运动发展的有利因素，是现阶段我国广大网球理论工作者应该重视和深入研究的一个重要课题。本文采用文献资料法，比较研究法等想相关研究方法，对中国和西方发达国家的网球发展作比较研究，通过对异同作深层次比较研究，发现中西方网球运动相关领域的差异及其对中西方网球运动发展的影响，从而找到中国网球运动发展与西方网球运动发展的差距。根据研究的需要，本文将中西方网球运动

3、比较的范围确定在中西方文化，社会背景和经济等方面进行考察，得出以下研究结论： 1.网球是西方传统文化的产物，西方人在参加网球运动时具有天然的适应性和传承性，而中国传统文化在一定程度上影响着网球在中国的发展。 2.与西方网球运动相比，中国网球运动仍处于落后阶段。在综合比较中，找到差距的成因，并努力改变，中国的网球才能与西方网球想匹敌。关键词：网球；中国；西方；差异 Analysis on the gap of tennis between China and WestAbstract Europe is the birthplace of tennis, and some time later,

4、 tennis has been introduced to many countries around the world. Tennis arrived in China a little bit late and yet develops rapidly. Chinese female tennis players have won the 2004 Athens Olympic,the 2008 Australia open and the 2011 France open, which marks a new beginning. But as seen from the whole

5、, the tennis level between China and west is distinct. Therefore, how to compare the similarities and differences of tennis and find out the favorable factors to Chinese tennis is an important subject to many theoretical workers to pay attention and for in-depth research. For this reason, this study

6、, using literature method, comparative analysis and other research, makes a comparative study between Chinese tennis and the western tennis. Through a deeper level study between similarities and differences, this thesis aims to find the disparity, and to provide appropriate suggestions for the Chine

7、se tennis. On the need of the study, this paper will fix the scope of the comparison in culture, social background and economy development. Following are the conclusions:1. Tennis is a product of western culture and westerners have a natural adaptation and transmission when they play tennis, traditi

8、onal Chinese culture, on the other hand, interferes the development of tennis.2. Comparing with the western tennis level, China is falling behind. By comparing the differences between China and West in various aspects, we may find the causes and improve ourselves and try to catch up with the western

9、 countries.Key Words：Tennis; China; West; Difference Introduction Historians believe that the games ancient origin lay in 12th century northernFrance, where a ball was struck with the palm of the hand1.The French kingwas a keen player ofjeu de paume（“game of the palm”）, which evolved intoreal tennis

10、, and became notable as the first person to construct indoor tennis courts in the Modern style .Tennis has swept the world around these years, and tennis players both from home or broad are doing a great job. Chinese tennis is developing extremely fast recent years, and the most remarkable monument

11、is when Lina won the French open in 2011.People in china are now so obsessed with tennis that they wouldnt miss a game, their enthusiasm is heightened. But the difference between China and west is still distinguishing. The development of western tennis has reached a level that china cant catch up wi

12、th. For instance, the four great tennis matches are held in western countries, and their tennis players always rank the first place in the list. There is no Asian male players who can have a sit in the top ten list. Some may wonder why this happens. Many researches are made by scholars or theoretica

13、l workers to explain this interesting phenomenon and how it goes so far. However, what people care about are merely the top players, their introduction and how many medals they have won, or even their gossip. They usually negate the most important facts. Few ever reach this issue from cultural view,

14、 social background view or economic view. Following are the analyses on this issue.I. The difference of tennis between China and West in cultural aspect1.1 The rules of tennis matchesTennisis aracquet sportthat can be played individually against a single opponent （singles） or between two teams of tw

15、o players each （doubles）. Each player uses aracquetthat is strung with cord to strike a hollow rubberballcovered with felt over or around a net and into the opponents court. The object of the game is to play the ball in such a way that the opponent is not able to play a good return. The opponent who

16、 is unable to return the ball will not gain a point, while the opposite opponent will.Tennis is anOlympicsport and is played at all levels of society and at all ages. The sport can be played by anyone who can hold a racquet includingwheelchair users. The modern game of tennis originated inBirmingham

17、,England, in the late 19th century as lawn tennis2. It had close connections both to various field （lawn） games such ascroquetandbowlsas well as to the older racquet sport ofreal tennis. During most of the 19th-century in fact, the term tennis referred to real tennis, not lawn tennis: for example, i

18、nDisraelis novelSybil（1845）, Lord Eugene De Vere announces that he will go down toHampton Courtand play tennis.The rules of tennis have changed little since the 1890s. Two exceptions are that from 1908 to 1961 the server had to keep one foot on the ground at all times, and the adoption of thetie-bre

19、akin the 1970s. A recent addition to professional tennis has been the adoption of electronic review technology coupled with a point challenge system, which allows a player to contest the line call of a point. Tennis is played by millions of recreational players and is also a popular worldwide specta

20、tor sport. The fourGrand Slamtournaments （also referred to as the Majors） are especially popular: theAustralian Openplayed onhard courts, theFrench Openplayed on redclay courts, Wimbledongrass courts, and theUS Openplayed also on hard courts.1.2 Influence of Chinese culture on tennis development Fro

21、m the development of culture, the circle of conflict and combination of culture is destined, or we can say that the communication of culture boost the development.3.Ancient China was located in the east of Asia, with the pacific ocean to the east, vast desert and arid grassland in north, steep Hengd

22、uan mountain ranges and Himalayas mountains in southeast（which including Tibetan plateau, known as the roof of the world）. With all these special surroundings, a relatively complete, independent and closed natural geographic unit was formed. Traditional Chinese culture, which came out of this unique

23、 natural geographic environment, was often colored with a strong tendency of “self-centered” initiative. The Chinese character is the best proof, as the saying goes,“china, the center of the world”. It is the result of long time pride self consciousness and national consciousness, this cultural egoi

24、sm permeates the life of Chinese people in all aspects. Chinese sports culture is the consequence of the evolution of traditional Chinese culture, based on the individual agricultural economy with patriarchal family as its background and Confucian thoughts as its core. Chinese people believe in coll

25、ectivism. The Chinese nation of thousands of years has developed its own glorious and variable culture in the process. Traditional Chinese culture value peace and pay less attention to competition, but the soul of sports is to compete with others, and this contradicts traditional Chinese culture. Fa

26、mily is the center of everything and they despise individualism, Chinese culture attaches great importance to unity and modesty, thus making sport activities hard to carry out. Especially for sport like tennis, they used to think it was too violent and refused to play it, and this resistance had inf

27、luenced their children. Generations by generations, tennis in China had not swirled , and it was in the dark corner for a while. Traditional Chinese culture was a kind of ethical culture, which paid much attention to the doctrine of the mean, while so less to competition, but the vitality of sports

28、lies in competition, the Confucian ethics was totally against it. Confucian ethics vualuable part. Traditional Chinese culture put family above anything and it loathe egoism, people are required to follow the “Three cardinal guides and Five constant virtues”, their behavior must be harmonious, unifi

29、ed and modest, the result is that the whole nation suffer from psychological inequality, their creativity is pressed by the morality as well as by the team rule, thus making the tennis match unfair for them to compete. “By learning from the west, all these have great effect on politics, economy, mil

30、itary and education”4 . From The feudal ethics of the Grand unification kills the aggressive mind and competitive spirit in the tennis players,in consequence, our tennis players is short of independence concept and creativity.Sport is the result of culture. Although it is also influenced by race and

31、 language, culture is the most important one.5Traditional Chinese culture attach great importance to intelligence while so less to physical sport, favoring “calmness” over “movement”, the supporters of this think people with great intelligence are the rule, while people who work physical are the ruled. The wind of despising physical labor and sports activities has been current for a long long time. Especially when it comes to the Han dynasty, the situation gets even worse and everything is about Confucianism. People who play sports would be thought as cake