小学英语语法总结Word文档格式.docx

1、4. 以重读闭音节结尾的词 , 双写最后一个字母加 -ed主要构成be going to/will + 动词原形be + 形容词凡是在 must, mustnt, can, can t, let s, don，willt,后may的一定要用动词的原形二、名词的复数。名词按其数 ,可分两种 :可数名词和不可数名词 .可数名词的复数变化规则 :1. 一般情况下 ,直接在词尾加 -s, 如:girl-girls, book-books, pen-pens2. 以 s,x,sh,ch 结尾的词 ,在词后加 -es, 如 :class-classes, box-boxes, match-matches,

2、3. 以辅音字母 +y 结尾的 ,变 y 为 i 再加 -es, 如:city-cities, family-families, country- countries4. 以 f 或 fe 结尾的 ,变 f 或 fe 为 v 再加 -es, 如 :knife-knives, wife-wives, life-lives,5. 以 o 结尾的加 -es 或 -s, 如 : radio-radios, tomato-tomatoes, potato-potatoes, zoo-zoos, photo-photos,6. man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, child-

3、children,三、形容词的比较级、最高级。形容词有比较级与最高级之分 , 单音节词的变化规则 :1. 一般情况下 ,直接在词尾加 -er 或 -est, 如 :small-smaller-smallest, short-shorter-shortest2. 以 e 结尾的 ,加 -er 或 -est, 如:large-larger-largest, nice-nicer-nicest.3.以辅音字母 +y 结尾的 , 变 y 为 i 再加 -er 或 -est, 如 :busy-busier-busiest, heavy-heavier-heaviest.4. 以重读闭音节 ,一个辅音字母

4、结尾的 ,双写该字母 ,再加 -er 或 -est, 如:big-bigger-biggest, thin-thinner-thinnest.5. 多音节的词 ,前加 more, most, 如 : beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful.6. good-better-best四、 be动词 ,助动词 。现阶段 be 动词形式有 : am, is, are, were, was, isn助动词形式有 : do, does, did, dont, doesn t, didnt, aren tt, werent, wasnt 1. 在英语句子中进行变化的时候

5、 , 有 be 动词的就在 be 动词上变化 ,变 “过去 ”, 否“定 ”;否定过去am-am not（ 第一人称 “ I ” ）am, is- was- wasntis -isn t（第三人称 ）are -were -weren tare-aren t（you 和其它人称 ）2. 没有 be 动词的就要加助动词 ;过去否定do-don t-did- didn tdoes（第三人称单数 ）- doesn -t-did- didn t五人称代词物主代词主语宾格形容词性名词性Imyminemesheherhershehishimititsyouyouryoursweouroursustheyth

6、eirtheirsthem六特殊疑问词What is this?What is this in English?What is the matter?What is the weather like?What is the country like?What is she/he/What do you like?What What does he do?What do you have forWhat colour ?What class ?What grade ?What time ?What day ?What do/does/did+How are you?How old ?How Ho

7、w many?How much?How long ?How do/does/did+ ?Which +n.+ （ be 动词 / 助动词） +?Whose+ n.+ （ be 动词 / 助动词） +?Where+ v. （ be 动词 / 助动词） +sb. + ?When +v. （ be 动词 / 助动词） + sb.+ ?Who +v. （be 动词 / 助动词 / 行为动词） +sb.+ ?Why +v. （ be 动词 / 助动词） + sb. + ?有 can, will, must 这几个词的句子，所有的句型转换都在此词变化。1.数词变化规律及读法口诀两大数词基和序，前表数量后第

8、几。构成先谈基数词，1 至12 请认真记。13 至19teen结尾齐，ty结尾表示几十。若要表达几十几，几十短横1 到9。One hundred一百记，若表几百几十几。几百and 几十几，基数规律上述里。再把序数谈仔细，第一至三独立记。第四至十九结尾th, 第结尾th, 第廿到九十有规律。数基础y 变ieth 。第几十几有特例，第几十由基数起，几用序数有道理。第一百one hundred。若说第一百几十几。One hundred and第几十几。谈此即告一段落,序有缩式莫忘记，上述须用心体味。2.句子种类口诀句子按用途分四大体，陈述疑问感叹和祈使。陈述用来叙述一件事。疑问主要用来提题祈使表达命

9、令和请求。表达强烈感情感叹句。上述九是句种之定义。祈使主语 you 被抛弃若将其变成否定形式，动词之前加 dont是正理。3.陈述句变感叹句口诀陈述变感叹两句套。 What 或 How 加其他成分表。 What a（an） 形加名用的妙。剩余照写句末用感叹号。 How 后副和形是正确道，其后照写感叹号堪称妙。4.一般现在时用法及句型转换口诀经常习惯动作和真理，是一般现在时的定义。构成除单三皆动原式。若逢动词第三人称体，动词变单三式有道理。若要变成否定的形式， 动词原形之前加 dont,除单三人称外无特例。单三式前doesn t动原基。句首Do,Does 疑问起，Does 用单三人称限制，单三还

10、原形没大问题。5.变动词单三人称口诀一般情况动词尾 -s 加。 O,s,ch,sh 结尾 “-es”没有差。 辅音加 y 去 y 为 “-ies ”是方法。6.现在进行时及句型转换口诀现在正在进行之动作，用现在进行时来掌舵。构成 be 加现在分词妥， be 的用法如同系动词。切记 be 是助动词没错， be 后面加 not 否定拓。 Be 提句首疑问有把握，上述内容记清好处多。7.现在分词构成口诀词尾直加 -ing 是一般式，若遇无音 e 去之加 -ing。 重读闭音一辅音字母尾，双写该字母 -ing 是正里。8.形容词和副词比较级和最高级构成口诀结尾直加 -er,-est 属一般，详细构成方

11、法逐一来侃谈。一辅音结尾重读闭音节看，辅音双写 -er,-est 是习惯。辅音加 y（ly）除外有型感，按照去 y,-er,-iest 方法办。上述皆属单音部分双音段，下面把多音节规律来看看。词前加 more,most 此规律唤。规则变化到此已全都谈完。有些不规则变化请你记全。 “双好 ”better,best记的宽。“坏病 ” worse,worst莫记乱。 “双多 ” more,most不用管“老、远 ”两种形式别记篡， “有点 ” less,least记清盼。9.感观使役动词记忆和使用口诀1.记忆口诀：二听四看一感觉，使役动词有三个。 或：一感二听三使四看。一感； feel 二听： he

12、ar,listen to 三使： make ,let ,have 四看： look at,see,watch,notice使用口诀：感使动词真奇怪，to在句中象妖怪。主动句里它走开，被动句里它回来。动词let要除外，词可来可不来。10.规则动词加-ed的读音口诀元音后t ，浊音后d ， td 后读 id 。注：浊音包括浊辅音和元音。11.时刻表达法口诀时刻表达法作用大 ,衣食住行离不开它。请记下列几种方法 :先时后分莫给弄差。前分后时不能搞差，要说几点几分差，整点时把点钟数打，时分俱全不好表达。若要说明几点过几分，可把 past 和 afterto 前分后时来表达。来抓。12.形容词和副词的比

13、较等级及用法句型口诀一者比较用原级。比较级限二者比。三者三者往上比，最高级的用法起。若要比项掌握齐，比较范围要搞细。比较级二句型记，做出句子没问题。若甲乙程度相同， asas 结构体。PEP小学英语重点句型语法总结与分析三年级起点的人教版PEP教材在小学阶段共有8 册书，其涉及的重要语法知识主要有7 种： to be句型、there be句型、一般现在时句型、现在进行时句型、一般过去时句型、情态动词can 引导的句型、be going to句型等。现以58 册书为例，简要分析如下：一 to be 句型：用于介绍个人情况如姓名、健康状况、身份、国籍、家庭成员、朋友、职业等，描述地点、颜色、四季、

14、日期、星期几等，该句型广泛分布于各册教材中，其中 5 8 册的句型主要有：1. Who s your English teacher?Mr. Carter.2. What s he like?He s tall and strong.3.Is she quiet? No, she isn She is veryt. active.4.Is she strict? Yes, she is, but she s very kind.5.What day is it today? It s Wednesday.6.What s your favourite fruit/food7.They re s

15、weet/ sour/ salty/ healthy/8.When is your birthday? s in May.9.My birthday is in June. Uncle Bill s birthday is in June,o. to10. Is her birthday in June? Yes, it is.11. What s the date?12.This is Zhang Peng.13. Where is the cinema, please? It s next to the hospital.14. How tall are you ？ I m 164 cm

16、tall.15. You are shorter than me.16.You re 4 cm taller than me.17.How heavy are you? I m 48 kg.18. I m thinner than you, and shorter.19. What s the matter with you?My throat is sore.20. How are you, Liu Yun / Sarah?二 there be 句型：表示存在，即： “某处有某物 ”或 “某时有某事 ”。句型基本结构为：There is+ 可数名词单数或不可数名词 +时间或地点。 There

17、 are+可数名词复数 +地点。该句型主要分布在第5 册的 Unit 5 和 Unit 6中，如：1.There are two bedrooms, a kitchen, a bathroom and a living room.2.There is a mirror, a bed and a big closet.Is there a forest in the park? Yes, there is.Is there a river? No, there isn t.Are there any pandas in the mountains? No, there aren t.Are th

18、ere any fish in the rivers?Yes, there are.三 一般现在时句型：表示习惯性的动作或行为，或现在存在着的状况。+行为动词 +其他。当主语是第三人称单数时，要在动词原形后面加s 或es，其他人称作主语时则用动词原形，在问句及否定句中需要用助动词do 或does。这种句型通常有一些标志词，如：usually often sometimes never always等。该句型主要分布在第 5 册 Unit2&3 ，第 6 册 Unit1&2, 第 7 册 Unit4,5,6, 第 8 册 Unit2 中。Book5:1. What do you have on

19、Thursdays? We have English, math and science on Thursdays.2. What do you do on Saturdays? I watch TV on Saturdays.3. I do my homework.4. What do you have for lunch on Mondays? We have tomatoes, tofu and fish.5. I like fruit. But I don t like grapes.Book6:1. When do you eat dinner? I eat dinner at 7:

20、00 in the evening.2. When do you get up? I usually get up at 12:00 noon.3. What do you do on the weekend? Usually I watch TV and go shopping.4. Sometimes I visit my grandparents. I often play football. Sometimes I go hiking.5. Which season do you like best? I like winter best.6. Why do you like summ

21、er/winter?1. How do you go to school, Sarah?2. Usually I go to school on foot. Sometimes I go by bike.3. I like collecting stamps. He likes collecting stamps, too.4. Does she teach math? Yes, she does.5. Does she teach English？ No, she doesn Shet. teaches math.6. What does your mother do? What does

22、your father do?7. Where does she work? She works in a car company.8. How does she go to work? She goes to work by bus.9. Where does the rain come from? It comes from the clouds.10. Where does the cloud come from? It comes from the vapour.11. Where does the vapour come from? It comes from the water i

23、n the river.12. The sun shines and the water becomes vapour.13. How do you do that?1. My nose hurts.2. How do you feel? I feel sick. How does Amy feel?3. You look so happy. You look sad today.四 现在进行时句型：表示说话时正在进行的动作或事件，或在短期内正在进行的动作或存在的情况。标志词是：now也常用在Look! Listen!等后面。句型主要结构为：be 动词（am, is, are） +动词现在分词

24、（v. ing）。6 册Unit4, 5, 6中。1. What are you doing? I m doing the dishes.I m reading a book.2. Grandpa is writing a letter. Brother is doing homework. Mom is cooking dinner in the kitchen.3. He is writing an e-mail in the study.3. What is it doing ? It s eating bananas.4. What is she doing ? She s jumpi

25、ng.5. What are they doing ? They re swimming.They re climbing trees.6. Are you eating lunch? No, we aren t.7. Are they eating the honey? Yes, they are.8. Is he playing chess? Yes, he is.Is she counting insects? No, she isn五 一般过去时句型：表示过去发生的而现在已经结束的事件、动作或情况。+动词过去式 +其他。标志词通常是： yesterday, last week , last year等，在问句与否定句中要用助动词did。该句型分布在第 8 册 Unit3&4 中。1.What did you do last weekend? I played football.Did you help th