英语语法专项虚拟语气用法详解及练习附答案Word格式.docx

1、例如：Had I been（= If I had been ） in that situation， I would not have let the thief escape away with so much money.Should there be （= If there should be） a drought， what should we do at that time ？2. 错综时间条件句有时条件从句的动作和主句的动作发生的时间并不一致，这时谓语动词的形式应根据它所要表示的具体时间来确定。If we hadnt been working hard in the past fe

2、w years ，things wouldnt be going so smoothly.3. 含蓄条件句有时假设的情况并不以条件从句的形式表现出来，而是通过某个介词或介词短语（如：with，otherwise，without，but for，in that position）、上下文或其它方式表现出来。这种句子称为含蓄条件句。But for the help from you ， I would not have had the chance to go to college.二、虚拟语气在某些从句中的运用在某些词或短语后接的从句中要使用虚拟语气，表示愿望、建议或命令等。根据虚拟语气的形式不

3、同，虚拟语气可以分为“should类”和“过去时态类”。（一）should类这一类的虚拟语气是通过从句中的谓语动词使用“should +动词原形”体现出来的，should可以省略。其具体运用体现在：1. 在suggest ， order， demand ， propose， command， request， desire，insist等表示建议、命令、要求、意见的动词后接的宾语从句中要使用虚拟语气。如：He suggests that she should leave the house at once.The leader ordered that the task（should） be

4、finished as soon as possible.He proposed that we （should）deal with the problem by the view of development.2. 与suggest，order，demand，propose，command，request，desire，insist等动词相对应的名词suggestion，order，demand，proposal等后的表语从句或同位语从句中要使用虚拟语气。如：The general sent the order that the battle（should）be held on until

5、the complete failure of the enemy.My proposal is that we（should） set a deadline for handing in the plan.3. 在It is/was suggested （ordered，demanded，proposed，etc.）结构以及necessary，essential，important，strange，natural等形容词后的主语从句中要使用虚拟语气。Its requested that we （should）keep the stability of the society for the

6、peoples peaceful life.It is necessary that the badly wounded man（should） be treated immediately.（二）过去时态类英语中，还有一些词或短语后接的从句或句子，也要使用虚拟语气，虚拟语气是通过句中的谓语使用过去的某种时态（如：一般过去时、过去完成时等）来体现的。1. wish，would rather 后的宾语从句。He wished he had never been involved in such affairs.I would rather you could teach me again.2.

7、as if，as though引导的从句。The little boy knows so many things as if he was a man.He acted as usual as though nothing had happened.3. 由if only （要是，那该多好啊！）引导的惊叹句。If only I had passed the test！If only it stopped raining！4. It is（about/high） time 后的定语从句。It is time we went out for a walk.It was high time they

8、 had begun to prepare the experiment.三、虚拟语气的其它用法在英语中，一些表示建议、请求、劝告、愿望、祈祷、祝福或诅咒的句子，也需要使用虚拟语气。Would you mind smoking here？May you be lucky！Long live the people of China！God save me.虚拟语气练习题1（2017天津） Do you have Bettys phone number?Yes. Otherwise, I _able to reach her yesterday.Ahadnt been Bwouldnt have

9、beenCwerent Dwouldnt be【答案】B【解析】【分析】试题分析：【名师点睛】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：-你有贝蒂的电话号码吗？-有。否则我昨天就联系不到她了。根据标志词otherwise，相当于一个条件状语从句：If I hadnt have her phone number，即对过去的虚拟的条件状语从句，可以判断出主句用wouldnt have done表示对过去情况的虚拟，故选B。【点睛】if的虚拟语气非常重要，首先要熟悉基本用法：1、表示与现在事实相反的情况，从句：If主语+过去时（be动词用were）；主句：主语+should/would/could/might+d

10、o：2、表示与过去事实相反的情况，从句：If主语+had+done；主语+should/ would/ could/ might+have done3、表示对将来情况的主观推测，从句：if+主语+were to doif+主语+should+do if+主语+did（动词过去式）/were ；主语+should /would/ could /might+do，另外要注意从句也可以省略if，把had，were，should提前。这句话的虚拟语气是根据标志词otherwise和句意推断出主句是对过去的虚拟。2He _ busy yesterday, or he _ you with your ex

11、periment.Awas; had helped Bwas, would have helpedChad been; would have Dwere; would have helped本题实际上考察的是or（否则，要不然）引导的含蓄的虚拟条件句。前面句中含有yesterday这个过去时的时间状语，故使用过去时即可。Or后面的句中要使用与过去事实相反的虚拟语气would have done的形式。句义：昨天他很忙，要不然他就会帮助你做实验了。故B正确。考点：考察虚拟语气3 _ for the fact that she broke her leg, she might have passe

12、d the exam.AHadnt it been BHad it not been CWas it not DWere it not本题考查与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故从句用had + v-ed，主句用would/could/should/might + have + v-ed。这里的从句用了倒装结构Had it not been= If it had not been。要不是她摔断了腿这样的事实，她也许会通过考试。考查虚拟语气4If George had followed his fathers advice， he _ a lawyer nowAis Bwould beChas been

13、 Dwould have been如果George听从了他父亲的建议，他现在将是一名律师了。虚拟时需将句子时态在原基础上往前推一个，例从句中与过去事实不符，用了过去完成时。而主句中由提示词now，说明与现在事实不符，需变成过去将来时，故选B5In this company, it is required that anyone who _ recently come here _ this kind of test.Ahas; has Bhas; haveChave; have Dhave; has考察主谓一致和虚拟语气。本题第一空是定语从句，who指代先行词在句中作主语，因为先行词是anyo

14、ne所以句中使用单数has的形式。因为前面的动词是require后面的宾语从句指使用should+动词原形的虚拟语气。should可以省略。在这个公司里，要求最近来的人要进行这样的一个测试。考察主谓一致和虚拟语气点评：英语中有4四个表示“要求”的词，require, ask ,tell, demand；3三个表示“建议”的词，suggest, recommend, advice；2两个表示“命令”的词，order,command ； 1一个表示“坚持”的词，insist。他们后面接 should+动词原形 的虚拟语气。Should可以省略。另外定语从句中的单复数取决于先行词的单复数形式。6It

15、 is requested that the reporter _ to blame for the wrong report.Areferring to Breferring to asCreferred to be Dreferred to being【答案】C考查虚拟语气和过去分词做定语：据要求被提到的记者要为错误的报告道歉。refer to “提及”和reporter之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。request 是“要求”， It is requested that后加主语从句时从句用虚拟语气，should可以省略；谓语用be动词原形，省略should，所以选C。考查虚拟语气和过

16、去分词做定语7 it rain tomorrow, we would have to call off the hike.AWill BWould CShould DWere如果明天下雨，我们将取消这次徒步旅行。表示对将来情况的虚拟。从句：if+主语+were to do if+主语+should+do if+主语+过去式（be动词用were），主句：主语+should/would+do。当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were,should,had时，if可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即把were,should,had等词置于句首，选C。8Maybe if I _ science, and

17、not literature then, I would be able to give your more help.Ahad studied Bwould study Cstudied Dwas studying【答案】A考查虚拟语气中错综时间条件句。也许如果我那时学的是科学而不是文学，我现就能给你更多的帮助。从句与过去事实相反，而主句与现在事实相反。从句中有信息词then（那时），说明从句与过去事实相反，应使用had done。故选A。9She wishes she _ to the cinema last night.Awent Bwould goChad gone Dwere goi

18、ng她希望她那晚去了电影院。根据句意，可知道这里是一个虚拟句，对过去事实的一个虚拟，要用过去完成时。虚拟语气10At the age of 14, Father had to leave school and start working. There would be no one to support the family _ he not worked.Adid Bhas Chad Dwas14岁时，父亲不得不离开学校，开始工作。要是他不工作的话，就没有人来养活这个家庭了。此处是if引导的非真实条件句，与过去事实相反，当把if省略时则把助动词had/should情态动词were提到主语前面

19、。故选C。11_ the danger of traveling on the lonely island, they would not be trapped now.AHave they been informed of BWere they informed ofCShould they be informed of DHad they been informed of【答案】D考查虚拟语气和倒装省略。如果他们被告知了在孤岛上旅行的危险的话他们现在就不会被困了。此题考查的是混合虚拟语气，且考查了虚拟语气与倒装省略的结合。If条件句中表示的是与过去事实相反应该是“If they had b

20、een informed of the danger of traveling on the lonely island”，主句是与现在事实相反，可以通过时间状语“now”判断出。依照if遇到的虚拟语气与倒装省略的结合用法可以用成“Had they been informed of the danger of traveling on the lonely island”，故D项正确。考查虚拟语气和倒装省略12Dont forget to bring your camera with you, Jack.Oh, thank you. I wouldnt bring it if you _ me

21、.Awouldnt remind Bhavent remindedCshouldnt have reminded Dhadnt reminded考查错综条件的虚拟语气。不要忘记带上你的相机，杰克。啊，谢谢。如果你不提醒我，我不会带的。本题主句涉及的时间是将来，从句涉及的时间是过去，条件从句表示的动作与主句表示的动作发生的时间并不一致，这时，谓语动词的形式要根据各自所表示的时间来调整，这种现象叫做错综时间虚拟语气。本题从句表示与过去事实相反，过去事实上是“提醒”了，故用过去完成时。13_ his parents advice, he _ having made such a silly mist

22、akenow.AHe had taken; would not regretBHad he taken;CHe had taken; would not have regrettedDHad he had taken;考查倒装和虚拟语气。如果他听取父母的建议，他就不会现在犯如此愚蠢的错误。If从句与过去相反用过去完成时，省略if后，提前had。主句有提示词now，表示与现在相反，用would+动词原形。故选B。14Jack wasnt saying anything, but the teacher smiled at him _he had done something very cleve

23、r.Aas if Bin caseCwhile Dthough考查状语从句。Jack什么也没说，但老师向他笑了笑，好像他做了件聪明的事情一样。A. as if好像；B. in case以防；C. while当的时候；D. though尽管。根据句意，空格处需要填入“好像，仿佛”。15（2017江苏） _ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.AIt were BWere itCIt was DWas it考查虚拟语气的省略。要不是老师们的支持，该生是无法克服她自己的困

24、难的。根据句意可知，表示与过去相反的虚拟语气，虚拟语气中，be动词统一用were；虚拟语气的省略形式主要是把if省略，同时把were/should/had提前，即Were /Should/ Had +主语.，故选B。16Li Ling acted in the party that way as if he_the host.Ahad been Bis Cshould be Dwere考查as if从句虚拟语气的用法。李岭在晚会上那样表现就好像他是主人一样。分析句子成分可知，“as if he_the host”为方式状语从句，根据语境， “他是主人”为客观事实相反的假设，谓语动词用一般过去时

25、，如遇系动词则用were，故选D。17We _ home now if you hadnt taken the wrong turning.Awould be BareCwere Dwill be如果你没有拐错弯，我们现在已经在家了。此处是虚拟语气，从句与过去事实相反用过去完成时，主句表示与现在的事实相反用would/should/could/might+动词原形，故选A。虚拟条件句中，主、从句的动作若不是同时发生时，要区别对待。从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。If I had worked hard at school, I would be an en

26、gineer, too. 如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会是工程师了。此处从句指过去的事实，如果当初努力学习，主句和现在事实相反，指现在就是工程师了。本题考查此结构，从句与过去事实相反用过去完成时，主句表示与现在的事实相反用would/should/could/might+动词原形。从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。从句现在事实是他不认识她，主句与过去事实相反，指他没去问候。从句的动作与过去发生的情况相反，而主句的动作与现在正在发生的情况相反。If it had not been raining too much, the crops would be growing much better. 如果天不下太多的雨的话，庄稼会长得更好。从句与过去相反指今年下雨很多，主句与现在情况相反指庄稼没有长好。18What a shame! We misunderstood each other for such a long time.Yes, I wish I _ with you earlier.Acommunicate Bhad communicatedCcommunicated Dwould communicate真遗憾