新目标英语八上第一单元知识点Word下载.docx

1、 doing sth. 不喜欢做某事 doing sth.继续做某事 not do. sth.为什么不做呢+adj.+that+从句 如此以至于 sb. （not） to do sth. 告诉某人（不要）做某事三、词语辨析 与 somewhere 共同点：两者都是不定副词。不同点：anywhere，“在任何地方”，常用于否定句和疑问句中。I cant find it anywhere. somewhere，“在某处，到某处”，常用于肯定句。 I lost my key somewhere near here.2.与seem有关的句式1）seem + 形容词 “看起来.” You seem ha

2、ppy today.2）seem + to do sth. “似乎、好像做某事” I seem to have a cold 3）It seems / seemed + 从句 “看起来好像；似乎”. It seems that no one believe you. 4）seem like .“好像，似乎.” It seems like a good idea. 3. decide: 1）decide to do sth.决定做某事 They decide to visit the museum.2）decide + 疑问词 + 动词不定式 He can not decide when to

3、leave.4. start与beginstart doing sth = start to do sth. 开始，可与begin 互换 。He started doing his homework. 但以下几种情况不能用begin：1）创办，开办： He started a new bookshop last month.2）机器开动： I cant start my car.3）出发，动身： I will start tomorrow morning.5. over：（prep.） 1）“多于，超过，在以上（表示数目、程度）”= more than如：My father is over 4

4、0 years old.“在之上，与物体垂直且不接触”，与 under 相反。There is a map over the blackboard.3）“超过”： I hear the news over the radio. 4）“遍及”： I want to travel all over the world.6. too many，too much，much too 1）too many “太多”，后接可数名词复数。Mother bought too many eggs yesterday.2）too much “太多”，修饰不可数名词或修饰动词作状语。We have too much

5、work to do. Dont talk too much.3）much too “太”，修饰形容词或副词。The hat is much too big for me. Youre walking much too fast.小结：分辨三者的口诀： too much, much too, 用法区别看后头： much 后接不可数， too 后修饰形或副。 too many 要记住，后面名词必复数。7. because：1）because of 介词短语，“因为，由于”，后接名词、代词或动名词，不能接句子。He cant take a walk because of the rain.2）be

6、cause 连词，“因为”，引导状语从句，表示直接明确的原因或理由。I dont buy the shirt because it was too expensive.try to do sth.与try doing sth.try to do sth：尽力做某事；try doing sth.：尝试做某事。I tried calling him, but no one answered. Im trying to learn English well to do sth. 与forget doing sth.1）forget to do sth.忘记将要做的某事Dont forget to c

7、lose the window.别忘了关窗户。2）forget doing sth.忘记做过某事I forget closing the window.我忘记已经关上窗户了。 doing sth.与stop to do sth.1）stop to do sth.停下了去做另一件事I stopped to eat。我停下来开始吃东西。2）stop doing sth.停止做某事I stopped eating。我停止吃东西。,somebody,someone; anything,anybody,anyonesomething,somebody,someone：用于肯定句anything,anyb

8、ody,anyone：用于否定句、疑问句或条件句四、重要句子Where did you go on vacation你去哪里度假了1）这是一个由疑问副词where引导的特殊疑问句。Where用来询问地点或场所，用于句首，其后跟一般疑问句。Where are you from Where does he livego on vacation“去度假 ”He will go on vacation with his family. 他要和家人一起度假。Did you buy anything special你买特别的东西了吗1）buy，vt，“购买”It takes a lot of money

9、to buy a house.买一座房子要花一大笔钱。2）buy sth. for sb. =buy sb. sth.为某人买某物My father bought me a bike. =My father bought a bike for me.anything special“特别的东西”注意：形容词修饰不定代词要后置Do you want anything else你还想要其他什么吗We took quite a few photos there.1）take photos照相，拍照Could you help me take some photos2）quite a few“相当多”

10、，后加可数名词复数 quite a little“相当多”，后加不可数名词There are quite a few people in the restaurant.There is quite a little water in the bottle.Everything tasted really good.所有的东西尝起来真的很好吃。taste，连系动词，“尝起来”，其后接形容词构成系表结构。The food tastes really great.与之类似的词：sound（听起来）,feel（摸起来）,look（看起来）。How did you like it你觉得它怎么样用来询问对

11、方的观点或看法。=What did you think of it=How did you feel about itDid you go shopping你们去购物吗go shopping“去购物”拓展：go doing“去做某事”，常用于表达从事某一体育活动或休闲活动。go climbing ; go skating （去滑冰）; go hiking ; go sightseeing ; go fishing ; go boating（去划船）I went to a friends farm in the country with my family.我和家人一起去了乡下一个朋友的农场。a

12、 friends farm是名词所有格形式，“一个朋友的农场”。拖展：名词的所有格：新- 课-标 - 一- 网名词的所有格主要表示所属关系，它有两种构成方式，即-s 所有格和 of 所有格一）s格的用法 1）主要用于有生命的名词，其所有格构成为：单数名词后加s； 复数名词以s作结尾的后加，不以s作结尾的后加s。总结：复数名词以s结尾加，其他都加sToms dog, my brothers books, Marys boyfriend, sheeps skin, your bossdecision.2）用于表示时间，距离，地点，团体，重量，价格这六类无生命名词的所有格，也要加s表示所有， a d

13、ays work（一天的工作），two miles distance（两英里的距离）, ten dollars worth, five miles distance, twenty pounds weight，Beijings future, the governments decision，Japans industry，the earthplants.3）所有格的一个特殊形式：共有物，只在最后一个名词的后面加s，即“共有物，最后加”； 不共有，则每个名词之后都要加s，即“各自有，各自加”；Bill and Hillarys house. （Bill和Hillary共有的房子）Bills a

14、nd Hillarys houses（Bill和Hillary各自的房子） 所有格的省略：表示理发店、商店等名词或一些习惯用法，如: the barbers. my sisters, the tailors.二）of所有格的用法主要用于无生命的名词，其所有格构成为： “of+名词”的结构。a map of ChinaThe only problem was that there was nothing much to do in the evening but read.唯一的问题是晚上除了读书没什么事可做。nothing adj to do “没什么事可做”I have nothing sp

15、ecial to do this afternoon.今天下午我没有什么特殊的事要做。nothing but“只有，除.之外什么也没有”； have nothing to do but do sth.“只能做某事”=have no chance but to do sth.I had nothing but a cup of tea this morning.我今天早上只喝了杯茶。I had nothing to do but watch 我只能看电视了。 no one seemed to be bored.仍然没有人看起来无聊。1）Seem可作不及物动词或连系动词，“好像，似乎，看来”Eve

16、rything seems easy.Seem的用法：seem + 形容词 “看起来.” You seem happy today. seem + to do sth. “似乎、好像做某事” I seem to have a cold It seems / seemed + 从句 “看起来好像；seem like .“好像，似乎.” It seems like a good idea. 2）bored,boring辨析Bored ：“厌倦的；感到无聊的”，一般在句中修饰人，作表语。Boring：“无趣的；令人厌烦的；单调的”，一般在句中修饰事或物，可作表语和定语。Im bored with w

17、hat he said.I find the story very boring. did Lisa say about.Say about“发表对.的看法”I didt say anything about it.我对此事什么也没说。11. I arrived in Penang in Malaysia this morning with my family.今天早上我和家人到达了马来西亚的槟城。1）arrive，vi，“到达”。2）arrive in+大地点 ；arrive at+小地点 “到达某地”The books will arrive tomorrow.这些书明天到。 We arr

18、ived in Beijing yesterday.我们昨天就到北京了。 I arrived at the train station very early.12.so we decided to go to the beach near our hotel.因此我们决定到旅馆附近的海滩上去。1）go to the beach去海滩 2）decide，vt，“决定”，decided to do sth.“决定做某事”They decide to visit the museum. feel like I was a was so exciting.我感觉自己就像一只小鸟，太刺激了。feel l

19、ike“给.的感觉，感受到”，其后常接从句。I feel like that I have never been there before.我感觉从来没到过那。feel like“想要”，其后可接名词、代词、动名词。Do you feel like a cup of tea now你现在想要喝茶吗 really enjoyed walking around the town.我真的很喜欢在镇上到处走走。enjoy oneself=have a good time=have great fun“玩的高兴，愉快”I enjoyed myself at the party last night. =

20、 I had a good time at the party last night. =I had great fun at the party last night.What a difference a day makes!一天的变化有多大啊!本句是 what引导的感叹句。感叹句的结构：what a/an （adj）+ 单数的可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语！What （adj ） +复数的可数名词/不可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语！How + adj/adv + 主语 + 谓语！What a beautiful girl she is! What hard work it is ! What

21、 many flowers there is ! What a pity!We wanted to walk up to shop,but then it started raining a little so we decided to take the train.我们想步行爬到山顶，但是天开始下起了小雨，因此我们决定乘火车去。1）Want to do sth.I want to clean my bedroom.2）start doing sth = start to do sth. 开始，可与begin 互换 。创办，开办：机器开动：出发，动身：3）a littleA little ,

22、a bit区别a little：a）可直接修饰不可数名词； b）作副词短语，“一点儿”，在句中修饰动词、形容词或副词。但a bit后要加of后才可接名词。not a little=very much表示“非常”，但not a bit= not at all表示“一点也不”I can draw a little,but only as a hobby.我可以画一点儿画，但是仅仅是个爱好。 Its a little cold outside.外面有点冷。 He said he spoke a little English.他说他会说一点英语。4）take the train乘火车 waited o

23、ver an hour for the train because there were too many people.因为人太多，所以我们等了一个多小时的火车。1）Wait for “等候”，其后可接人或物。I ll wait for you at the door. Tom was waiting for a bus over there.2）over：a）“多于，超过，在以上（表示数目、程度）”= more thanb）“在之上，与物体垂直且不接触”，与 under 相反。c）“超过”：d）“遍及”：3）too many，too much，much tooa）too many “太多”

24、，后接可数名词复数。b）too much “太多”，修饰不可数名词或修饰动词作状语。c）much too “太”，修饰形容词或副词。 father didnt bring enough money.我爸爸没带足够的钱。1）bring、takeBring“带来，拿来”Dont forget to bring your homework here tomorrow.不要忘了明天吧你的作业带到这来Take“带走，拿走”We will take the students to the museum.我们将带学生到博物馆去2）enougha）形容词，“足够的，充分的”，作定语修饰名词We have en

25、ough time to do our homework.b）副词，“足够地，充分地”，用来修饰形容词或副词，一般置于被修饰词之后I know him well enough我对他足够熟悉。 not为什么不呢Why not do sth.为什么不做某事呢Why not go to the party with me =Why dont you go to the party with me minutes later, the sun started to come 分钟后，太阳开始升起来了。Come up“出现，发生”Please let me know if anything comes

26、up.如果发生什么事的话，请让我知道。 legs were so tired that I wanted to stop.我的双腿太累了，以至于我都想停下来。Sothat：“如此以至于”，引导结果状语从句，句中的so是副词，常常用该修饰形容词或副词。So that 引导目的状语从句，“以便，为了”He gets up early every morning so that he can catch up the early bus.五、语法专项1.复合不定代词 定义a）复合不定代词由some; any; no; every和body; thing; one构成的合成词。即：复合不定代词：something, somebody, someone; anything ,anybody, anyone; nothing, nobody, no one;everything, everybody, everyoneb） 它们在句中可用作主语