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中考英语构词法汇总及练习Word格式.docx

1、表示颜色的形容词常可转化为名词(如下);某些形容词如old, young, poor, rich, wounded, injured等与the连用,表示一类人,作主语时,谓语用复数(如下)。You should be dressed in black at the funeral.你在葬礼中该穿黑色衣服。The old in our village are living a happy life.我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。2.派生法在词根前而加前缀或在词根后而加后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫作派 生法。1)前缀除少数前缀外,前缀一般改变单词的意义,不改变词性:后缀一般改变词

2、类,而不引起词义 的变化。(1) 表示否左意义的前缀常用的有dis-, il, im-, in-, ir- mis-, non-, un-等,在单词 的前面加这类前缀常构成与该词意义相反的新词。appear 岀现一disappear 消失correct正确的incorrect不正确的lead带领一mislead领错stop 停下一non-stop 不停(2) 表示其他意义的前缀常用的有a-(多构成表语形容词),anti-(反对:抵抗),auto-(自 动),co-(共同),en-(使),inter-(互相),re-(再;又),sub- ( F面的;次;小),tele-(强 调距离)等。alon

3、e单独的antigas防毒气的autochart自动图表cooperate合作enjoy使高兴internet互联网reuse再用subway 地铁 telephone 电话2)后缀英语单词不仅可以通过加前缀构成新词,也可加后缀构成新词。后缀通常会改变单词的词性,构成意义相近的其他词性;少数后缀还会改变词义,变为与原来词义相反的新词。(1) 构成名词的后缀常用的有-ence, -(e)r/ -or (从事某事的人),-ese (某地人),-ess (雌性),-ful ( ) -ian (精通 的人),-ist (专业人员),-ment (性质:状态),-ness (性质:状态),-tion(动

4、作:过程)等。differ 不同于-difference 区别write writer 作家Japan Japanese H 本人act表演-actress女演员mouth 口 -*mouthful 一口music音乐一musician音乐家(2) 构成动词的后缀常用的有-(e)n (多用于形容词之后),-fy (使化),-ize (使成 为)。widewiden 加宽beauty-*beautify 美化pure*purify 提纯real-*realize 意识到organ-*organize 组织(3) 构成形容词的后缀常用的有-al,-able (有能力的),-(a)n(某国人的),-

5、en (多用于表示材料的名词后),-ern (方向的),-ese(某国人的),-ful, -(ic)aL -ish, -ive, -less (表示否定),-like (像 的),Ty,-ous, -some, -y (表示天气)等。nature自然-natural自然的reason道理-reasonable有道理的America 美国-*American 美国的China中国-*Chinese中国人的gold金子一golden金的east 东一easteiri东方白勺child孩子一childish孩子气的snow 雪一snowy 雪的(4) 构成副词的常用后缀有-ly (主要用于形容词之后

6、表示方式或程度),-ward(s)(主要用于 表示方位的词之后表示方向)。angry生气的一angrily生气地to 到一towards 朝 向 east 东方一east砲:rd 向东(5) 构成数词的后缀有-teen (十几),-ty (几十),-th (构成序数词)。six 六一sixteen 十六一sixteenth 第十六four 四-forty 四十-fortieth 第四十3.合成法1)合成名词构成方式例词名词+名词weekend周末夕1词+动词daybreak黎明名词+动名词handwriting书法名词+及物动词+ er / or pain-killer I匕痛药名词+介词+名

7、词editor-in-chief总编借代词+需词she-wolf母狼动词+名词typewriter打字机动名词+名词reading-room阅览室 现在分词+名词flying-fish飞鱼 形容词+名词gentleman绅士 副词+动词outbreak爆发 介词+需词afternoon卜午2) 合成形容词名词+形容词snow-white雪白的名词+现在分词English-speaking讲英语的 名词+ to+名词face-to-face而对而的 名词+过去分词man-made人造的数词+名词one-way单行的数词+飲词+形容词two-year-old两岁的 数词+名词+ ed five-s

8、toreyed五层的 动词+副词see-through透明的 形容词+名词high-class髙级的 形容词+名词+ ed noble-minded髙尚的 形容词+形容词light-blue浅蓝色的 形容词+现在分词good-looking相貌好看的 副词+形容词ever-green常青的 副词+现在分词hard-working勤劳的 副词+过去分词well-known著名的 副词+名词fast-food专门提供快餐服务的 介词+需词downhill卜坡的3) 合成动词名词+动词sleep-walk梦游形容词+动词white-wash粉刷副词+动词overthrow推翻4) 合成副词形容词+名

9、词hotfoot匆忙地形容词+副词everwhere到处副词+副词however尽管如此介词+需词beforehand事先介词+副词forever永远5) 合成代词代词宾格+ self herself她自己物主代词+ self myself我自己形容词+名词anything任何东四6) 合成介词副词+名词inside在 里而介词+副词within在 之内副词+介词into进入4.截短法(缩略法)截短法,即将单词缩写,词义和词性保持不变,主要有截头、去尾、截头去尾等形式。1) 截头telephonephoneaeroplane-*planeomnibusbus2) 去尾mathematics-*

10、 mathsco-operate-*co-opexamination-*examkilogram-*kilolaboratory-* labtaxicab-*taxi3)截头去尾influenzaflurefrigerator-*fridgeprescript ion-*script5.混合法(混成法)混合法,即将两个词混合或各取一部分紧缩而成一个新词。后半部分表示主体;前半部分表 示属性。news broadcastnewscast 新闻广播television broadcast-*telecast 电视播送smoke and fogsmog 烟雾helicopter airporthel

11、iport 直升飞机场6.首尾字母缩略法首尾字母缩略法,即用单词首尾字母组成一个新词。读音主要有两种形式,即各字母分别读 音:作为一个单词读音。very important personVIP (读字母音)要人:大人物televisionTV (读字母音)电视Testing of English as a Foreign Language-*TOEFLNato三巩固练习1 That man was enough not to tell the manager that he would not do the jobA.care B careful C careless D carelessne

12、ss2.The soldier died for saving the child, so his is heavier than Mount Tai.A. die B dead C died D death3.The child looked at his brother who was badly woundedA. sadly B sadness C sadly D sad4 He is an expert at chemistry. We all call him a A. chemistry BchemicalCchemist Dphysician5The three- chair

13、isn t suitable for a young childHe may fall off.A. legging Blegged Clegs D leged6Stephenson became the railway engineer in the worldA. lead B leader Cleading D leadership7.When the teacher praised him for working out the maths problem, Jacklooked about at his classmatesA. proud Bproudly Cpride Dprid

14、ely8.To everyone * s , the girl finished the job quite wel1A. satisfied B satisfactoryC satisfying D satisfaction9一What are you doing here?一Ohi my teacher asked me to write a passage about in EnglishYou can write assage in English?A.600 words; a 600-wordsB.600-word:C.600 words; a 600-wordD.600 words

15、:10.No one should enter the spot without the of the policeA. permit BpermissionCpermitting Dpermittence11.You must come with us to the police .Our head is waiting for you.A. headquarters BheadlineCheadmaster D headache12.Letting that animal escape was no accident; you did it A. intend B intentionC i

16、ntentionally D intentional13.The shop owner welcomed all the guests with a smileA. practice BpractiseCpractical Dpracticed14.The ordered him to pay a $100 fineA. judges B judgmentC judge D judgement15.My TV is out of order .Can you tell me what is the news about Iraq War?A. lately B latestC later D

17、latter16.The Great Wall is more than 6000 li in A. longer B lengthC long D longing17.To my , I passed the exam easily.A. joy B joyful25.What you said sounded but in fact it was untrueA.reasonable B reasonfulC reasonless D unreason26.W己 have to learn technology from other countriesA. advance Badvanci

18、ngC advantage D advanced27.The children live in a village They come here almost every d&yA. nearby B nearC nearly D near by28.Mr Black is an in the army not an in the government .You can noteasily find him in his A. official; officer; officeB officer: office: officialC official: official;D officer:2

19、9.You* d better give up smoking if you want to keep A. health B healthyChealthily Dhealthier30. speaking, I didn* t do it on purposeA. Honestly BHonest CHonesty DDishonest参考答案1-5 BDACB 6-10 CBDCB 11-15 ACDCB 16-20 BAAAB专题二、英语语法汇总及练习动词的时态:初中英语的动词时态主要有五种:一般现在时,一般过去时,一般将来时,现在进行时,现在完成时.1. 一般现时的用法:主要由动词原

20、形表示,但在第三人称单数时要在词尾加S o否定句和疑问 句要用助动词doz does.A.经常性或习惯性的动作。女n The trees get green in spring。B 现在特征或状态。如 The Changjiang River is the longest in our country.He doesn t work in the factory C.普遍真理。如 The sun rises in the east Five and two in seven 2现在进行时:现在进行时是由助动词be的人称形式加现在分词构成。主要表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作。如:Where ar

21、e they swimming? They are swimming in the river.有些动词的现在进行时表示近期按讣划或安排要进行的动作。这些动词是:go,come,leave ,start ,arrive , return ,work sleep,stayzplay,do,have ,wea匚She is coming to see me tomorrow.3. 一般将来时:主要表示将要发生的动作或情况。由助动词shall或will加动词原形构成。/ be going to加动词原形构成It wont rain tonight I shall meet you at the st

22、ation.He is going to have a swim tomorrow.4一般过去时:由动词的过去式表示。表示在过去某个时刻发生的动作或情况。包括过去习惯性动作。Did you knock at the door just now? / He finished reading the book yesterday5现在完成时:由have的人称形式加过去分词构成A到现在为止已经完成的动作。I have lent my book to Ann.我把书借给了安。He has never seen a real tiger.他从来没有见过真老虎。B、 从过去开始延续到现在的动作或状态。Sh

23、e has lived here since 1991.从一九九一年起她就住在这里。时态常用的时间副词一般现在时 every( year;otherday ,twodays,weekzm on th.) ,often zalways,usually ,sometimes, in the momingjn summer;。n Sun day一般过去时 last week, just now,yesterday, yesterday morning zthe day before yesterday,the n,at that moment,(a few days) ago,一般将来时 tomor

24、row, next month, in two days,现在进行时now现在完成时 since ,for (one yea匚)z just, already, yetthe last fiveyears, .befoeso far被动语态:被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。由助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成。Be有人称,数 量和时态变化。一般现在时:be (is am are) +及物动词的过去分词一般过去时:be (was were) +及物动词的过去分词情态动词的过去分词:情态动词+be +及物动词的过去分词用动词的适当时态填空:1.Light (travel)faster than s

25、ound. He (get) up early in themorning2.John usually (go) home on Sunday morning.3.Cats (like ) fish while dogs (like ).4.He always (sleep) with his windows open.5.One tree (not make) a wood Two and three (be ) five 6.I (say ) you are wrong Everything (go )well in spring 7 He (not wok) on Sun days He

26、 (take) a walk after supper.8.Lucy (prefer) coffee to milk Lily (hate) traveling.9.Children (love ) to play games The boy (look ) like his mother.10.The sun (rise ) in the east and (go) down in the west.11.Where you (go ) just now? I (go) to the library12.He (live) in China last year, but he (live)

27、in Japan now. He (live )therefor three months He (live) there by the end of this year.13.He (pay) ten yuan for his new book yesterday It (cost) him solittle.14.What you (wear )yesterday? I (wear ) a blue skirt15.He (feel ) very tired last night ,he (fall) asleep very quickly 16.He (say )he ( will)wr

28、ite to me as soon as he came home17.He (take )his temperature half an hour ago.18.We (win ) the league match last week, we (be ) the winners19.She (keep)me waiting for an hour last night She (be )late20.He (find )it difficult to get to sleep. because he (be)too glad21.He (read ) a book when I (see) her 22.Great changes (happen ) in the village last year.23.He (d

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