高考英语一轮复习 第二部分 重点语法突破 专题一 有提示词填空 第四讲 动词时态和语态讲义 新人教版Word文档格式.docx

1、他匆忙回家了，一次也不曾回头看看有没有人在跟踪他。52017江苏高考Hes been informed that he _ （qualify） for the scholarship because of his academic background.doesnt qualify本空的谓语动词qualify在这里用作不及物动词，表示“有资格，有权利”，这里并不表示延续性的动作，而是说明“他不合格”这一实际情况，因此用一般现在时的否定式doesnt qualify。他被告知，因为他的学术背景，他没资格获得这笔奖学金。62017全国卷Sarah _ （tell） that she could b

2、e Britains new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year.was told/has been told根据语境可知，此处可单纯表述Sarah被告知这一发生于过去的事情，用一般过去时；或者也可以表述这一动作的发生对现在的影响，用现在完成时。72016北京高考I _ （read） half of the English novel, and Ill try to finish it at the weekend.have read句意：这本英文小说我已经读了一半了，我将尽力在周末把它读完。根据句意可知，动作read发

3、生在过去，对现在产生了影响，故用现在完成时。82016江苏高考Dashan, who _ （learn） crosstalk, the Chinese comedic tradition, for decades, wants to mix it up with the Western standup tradition.has been learning根据句意以及时间状语for decades可知，学习这一动作从过去一直延续到了现在，并且现在还在进行，应用现在完成进行时。主语Dashan为第三人称单数，故答案为has been learning。92016浙江高考Silk_ （become

4、） one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.had become根据句中的时间状语by about 100 BC可知，become动作发生在“过去的过去”，故用过去完成时。102016江苏高考More efforts, as reported, _ （make） in the years ahead to accelerate the supplyside structural reform.will be made根据in the years ahead可知，动作发生在将来，故用一般将来时。主语m

5、ore efforts与make之间为被动关系，故用被动语态。综上所述，答案为will be made。Part 语篇真题演练阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。2017浙江高考Last October, while tending her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small _56_ （carrot） and was about to throw them away. But something made her look closer, and she notic

6、ed a _57_ （shine） object. Yes, there beneath the leafy top of one tiny carrot was her longlost wedding ring.Pahlsson screamed _58_ loudly that her daughter came running from the house. “She thought I had hurt _59_ （I），” says Pahlsson.Sixteen years _60_ （early）, Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring

7、_61_ （cook） a meal. When she wanted to put the ring back on later, it was gone. She suspected that one of her three daughtersthen ten, eight, and sixhad picked it up, but the girls said they hadnt. Pahlsson and her husband _62_ （search） the kitchen, checking every corner, but turned up nothing. “I g

8、ave up hope of finding my ring again，” she says. She never replaced it.Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got _63_ （sweep） into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, _64_ it remained until the carrots leafy top accidentally sprouted （生长） through it. For Pahlsson

9、, its return was _65_ wonder.56_57._58._59._60_61._62._63._64_65._Step 1：通读全文，掌握主旨大意。本文是一篇记叙文。讲述的是丢失多年的钻戒竟然在主人打理花园时不经意地出现了。这令主人激动并惊喜不已。Step 2：逐题解答，确定答案。56carrots考查名词的复数。a handful of “一把，几个”，后接可数名词的复数形式。a handful of carrots “一把胡萝卜”。57shiny/shining考查词性转换。空格处修饰名词object，故用形容词。shine的形容词形式为shiny或shining，意

10、为“闪闪发光的”。58so考查副词。分析句子结构可知，so与后面的that构成句型so . that .，意为“如此以至于”。so修饰副词loudly。59myself考查反身代词。她原本以为我伤到了自己。60earlier考查副词的比较级。sixteen years earlier “早在16年前”。61to_cook考查非谓语动词。丽娜当时摘掉钻戒的目的是做饭，故用动词不定式表目的。62searched考查动词的时态。该句中but后的turned up使用了一般过去时，search是与之并列的谓语动词，故也应使用一般过去时。63swept考查过去分词。get swept “被扫掉”；get

11、done相当于be done含义。64where考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，空格处所在的句子是非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的先行词the garden，且从句缺少地点状语，故用where引导该定语从句。65a考查冠词。a wonder “一个奇迹”。Step 3：代入验证。需保证语法结构正确且语义符合逻辑，这样才能确保万无一失。知识清单（1）熟知八种基本时态的构成；（2）八种基本时态的用法及重点；（3）一般过去时与现在完成时用法上的侧重点；（4）被动语态的基本形式；（5）被动语态中的特殊情况；（6）与时态相关的固定句式结构。学情分析考生在动词时态和语态的学习过程中存在着以下几点问题：

12、（1）不能熟练掌握时态的基本类型；（2）不清楚不规则动词的过去式及过去分词形式；（3）主被动意识淡，不能准确使用被动语态；（4）在使用时态时，全凭所谓的语感去判断，写出来的句子时态混乱，没有时态观念，没有章法可言。考点1一般现在时（do/does）1表示客观事实、普遍真理或自然现象As is known to us, the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.众所周知，太阳东升西落。2表示习惯性、经常性的动作或经常存在的状态Some senior 3 students get up at 5：20 every day including Su

13、nday.一些高三学生每天5：20起床，包括星期日。3在时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表将来If city noises are not kept from increasing, people will have to shout to be heard.如果日益增加的城市噪音得不到控制，人们将不得不大声叫喊以被听到。4表示按时刻表、计划规定要发生的动作常见的动词有：come, go, leave, begin, arrive, start, stop, return, open, close等。The plane takes off at 2：30 every Wednesday and

14、 Friday.飞机每星期三和星期五2：30起飞。典题12017四川成都诊断Its probable that the rocket _ （date） from about 2,000 years ago in China.答案dates根据语义可知，此处表示客观事实故用一般现在时，且主语是单数，故填dates。注意不要被2,000 years ago所误导，且date from不用于被动语态。典题22017天津高考During these waits, the brain slips away from the body and wanders about until the water_

15、（run） over the edge of the counter and onto your socks.答案runs句子中until引导的是一个时间状语从句，在时间状语从句中，常用一般现在时表示将来。考点2一般过去时（did）1表示过去的事情、动作或状态，常与表示过去的时间状语连用（时间比较具体）或上下文语境有暗示I taught English in Xian for half a year. I felt very tired. When I got home, I went straight to bed.我在西安教了半年英语，我感到非常累。当我回到家时，直接上床睡觉了。2描述过去

16、时间中发生的一系列事件He went to the supermarket, bought some eggs and returned home.他去超市，买了些鸡蛋就回家了。3原来没有意料到，没有想到的事Excuse me. I didnt realize I was blocking your way.对不起。我没意识到挡了你的路。4固定句式（1）Its high time that sb. did sth.“是某人该做某事的时候了”。Its high time we did something about environmental protection.到了我们保护环境的时候了。（2

17、）“would rather主did .”表示与现在或将来事实相反的情况。I would rather you came here tomorrow morning.我宁愿你明天上午来这儿。注意：一般过去时中的动作在过去某时间已经停止，只是强调过去的动作或状态，与现在没有任何关系。典题32017江苏淮海中学期中As you know, I have just returned from my holidays in Athens, where I _ （stay） for a fortnight.答案stayed根据语境可以判断此处表述过去发生的动作“我在那停留了两周”，因此应用一般过去时。典

18、题42018北京海淀区期末Jack, you look so great!Thanks! I have lost 20 pounds since I _ （hire） my personal trainer six years ago.答案hired根据since从句中six years ago可知，应用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时。考点3完成时（have/ has/ had done）1现在完成时（1）表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态到说话时刚刚完成或结束。现在完成时常与up to now, so far, already, yet, recently, in the past few ye

19、ars, just等表示时间的词（短语），或since引导的状语从句（从句中使用一般过去时）连用。His first novel has received good reviews since it came out last month.他的第一本小说自从上个月出版以来就受到好评。（2）用于时间、条件状语从句中，表示将来要完成的动作或一个动作先于另一个动作。When shall we restart our business?Not until we have finished our plan.什么时候我们重新开始我们的事业？直到我们已完成我们的计划。（3）在“It/This/Thatis

20、/will bethe first/second/third . timethat从句”中，that从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时。This is the first time that we have seen a film in the cinema together as a family.这是我们全家第一次到电影院看电影。（4）在“It/This/That is the best/worst/mostadj.名词从句”中，从句中的谓语用现在完成时。It is the most instructive lecture that I have attended since I came to

21、 this school.这是我到这个学校以来听过的最有教育意义的演讲。2过去完成时（1）某些动词用于过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的想法，意为“本来期望/认为/打算”。这类动词主要有：expect, hope, plan, suppose, think, intend, mean, want等。I had intended to call on you yesterday, but I had an unexpected visitor.我本来打算昨天去看望你，但我有一个不速之客。I had meant to help you, but I was too busy at the moment.

22、我本想去帮你的，但当时确实太忙了。（2）过去完成时是一个相对的时态，考生做题时关键看该动作是否发生在题干中所给的过去的动作或过去的时间之前，如果是就用过去完成时。Last month, the Japanese government expressed their thanks for the aid they had received from China.上个月，日本政府对从中国得到的援助表示感谢。What a mistake!Yes, I had suggested his doing it another way, but without success.愚蠢的错误！是的，我已建议他换

23、种方式做，但没成功。（3）by, by the end, by the time, until, before, since后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句，主句用过去完成时。By the time Jack returned home from England, his son had graduated from college.杰克从英国回到家时，他的儿子已经大学毕业了。（4）在hardly/scarcely . when ., no sooner . than . 句型结构中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。意思为“一就”。Hardly/No sooner had I got ho

24、me when/than the rain poured down.我刚到家大雨就倾盆而下。3将来完成时将来完成时用来表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作。经常与“before将来时间”或“by将来时间”连用，也可与before或by the time引导的现在时的从句连用。By her next birthday, Ann will have been married for twenty years.到下次生日时，安已结婚20年了。典题52017江苏盐城期中Nowadays a strange, new dilemma faces Chinese pedestrians: Sho

25、uld you help an eldly person who _ （fall） into the street?答案has fallen此处语境表示老人已经摔倒，强调已经完成并结合Nowadays可知应该用现在完成时，故填has fallen。典题62017全国卷I got a rescue call from a woman in Muttontown. She _ （find） a young owl on the ground. 答案had found根据前面的句子的谓语got可知， 本句中的find的动作发生在got之前， 属于“过去的过去”， 因此填had found。典题720

26、18浙江温州十校联考I hear that Jason is planning to buy a new car.I know. By next month, he _ （save） enough for a used one.答案will have saved根据语境可知，此处表示到下个月之前，他将攒够买一辆旧车的钱。此处应用将来完成时will have saved。考点4进行时（be doing）1现在进行时高考题对现在进行时的考查往往是在具体的语境中进行的。若不给出具体的时间状语，则要求考生能够通过语境判断出该动作正在进行。现在进行时常用来表示：（1）说话时正在发生着的一个动作。Hurr

27、y up! Mark and Carol are expecting us.快点！马克和卡罗尔正等着咱们呢。（2）发生在现阶段但不一定是发生在讲话时的一个动作。The water supply has been cut off temporarily because the workers are repairing one of the main pipes.因为工人们正在修其中一条主管道，所以供水系统临时被切断。Teenagers are damaging their health because they play computer games too much.青少年们正在损害自己的健康，因为他们玩电脑游戏玩得太多了。（3）近期特定的安排或计划。Ive won a holiday for two days to Florida.I am taking my mum.我获得了一次去佛罗里达度假两天的机会。我计划带着我妈妈去。2过去进行时（1）过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或某动作在某一阶段内发生或频繁发生。The manager