尚择优选专升本英语作文翻译复习讲义Word格式文档下载.docx

1、1）起始段写法一、话题引出段/现象、现状说明段1. Nowadays/Currently,thereisagreat/wide/widespreadconcernovertheissueof2. Thereisapubliccontroversynowadaysovertheissueof.Thosewhoobjecttoarguethat.Butpeoplewhofavor,ontheotherhand,arguethat3. Withtherapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,thequalityofourlivesisimprovingforthe

2、better.4. Whenitcomesto,peoplesnotionmayvaryfromonetoanother/mostpeoplebelivethatButotherpeoplearguethat5. DifferentpeoplehavedifferentattitudestowardsSomeareinfavorofwhileothersareagainst.AsfarasImconcerned,Iaminclindedtosupportthelatterviewthat2）拓展段写法（5种）一、观点对比段Currently,oppositeviewsarepresentedi

3、nthedebate.Somepeoplefirmlybelievethat.Onthecontrary,quiteafewpeoplearguethat二、利弊列举段Everycoinhastwosidesandthisissueisnoexception.Aboveall,Inaddition,However,thenegativeelementsshouldnotbeneglected.三、举例论证段1. Forinstance2. Takeforaexample3. Acaseinpointis4. Thethought-provokingsayingcanbebestillustra

4、tedbythefollowingexamples.四、原因列举段1.Whyshouldthisphenomenontakeplace?Therearegenerallythreefactorsaccountingforit.2.Consideringeveryaspectoftheissue,wemayattributethesharpchangetothreefactors.五、意义阐释段1. Thepurposeofthispictureistoshowusthatdueattentionhastobepaidto2. Thefact/phenomenonthatindicates/re

5、vealsthat.3）结论段写法（2种）一、归纳结论段1. Asaresult/consequence,2. Inconclusion,3. Inmyopinion,4. AsfarasIamconcerned,5. takingintoaccountallthefactorsabove,wemaydrawaconclusionthat6. Troughtheabove-mentionedanalysis,wehavenodifficultiesindrawingtheconclusionthat7. Fromtheabovediscussion,wecaneasilyconcludetha

6、tbothproponentsandopponentsofhavetheirrespectivereasonsandjustifications.However,asasupporter/opponentof,Iwouldliketostandby/support/aproveof二、预测趋势段Thereisnodenyingthatthetendencyofincrease/declinereflectedfromthechartwillcontinueinthefuture.作文四大主题题型一、观点对比型基本模式：热门话题，利弊共存，观点针锋相对，考生阐述个人见解WheretoLiveIn

7、theCityortheCountry?Outline:1.Conveniencesofthecity2.Attractionsofthecountry3.Disadvantagesofboth4.Mypreference都市生活优势发达的教育（advancedlevelofeducation）便捷的交通（convenienttransportation繁荣的商业（prosperousbusiness）丰富的文化娱乐（richculturallife）乡村生活优势closetonature,freshair,quietandrelaxing,idyllicandsimplewayoflife,

8、carefree都市生活劣势polluted,crowded,noisy,pressures,temptations乡村生活劣势boring,idle,sluggish,isolatedfromtheoutsideworld,inconvenientdailylife我的选择：自由选择，但是必须声明喜好原因，自圆其说句型参考：Theadvantagesfaroutweighthedisadvantages.Obviously,ithasbothnegativeeffectsandpositiveeffects.Thereareadvantagesanddisadvantages.Likeany

9、thingelse,ithasitsfaults.NothingcanequalNothingismorethan两者相同AisnotanymorethanB；Thesameistrueof；AandBhaveseveralthingsincommon；AbearssomeresemblancestoB两者不同A,whereasB；AandBdifferinseveralways模板：Whenitcomesto ,differentpeopleholddifferentviewsSomecontendthat .Foronething, .Foranother, .Inspiteofallth

10、eseclaims,othersmaintainthat Theypointoutthat .Anotherinstancecitedoftenisthat .Itsnoeasytasktofindasatisfactoryanswertotheissue.Asforme,theressometruthtobotharguments.Itsadvisableto .信息提示：两种观点针对的争论焦点；观点一；观点一的理由1；观点二的理由2；与观点一对立的观点二；观点二的理由1；观点二的理由2；个人的结论二、现象阐释型以阐释现象、分析原因、阐述观点为主模板一：1.Recently,_.2.What

11、amazesusmostis_.3.Itistruethat_.4.Therearemanyreasonsexplaining_.5.Themainreasonis_.6.Whatismore,_.7.Thirdly,_.8.Asaresult_.9.Consideringallthese,_.10.Foronething,_.11.Foranother,_.12.Inconclusion,_1.描述现象，引起话题2.表现较为典型的一个方面3.对于现象做出评论4.承上启下，解释这一现象的原因5.说明原因一6.原因二7.原因三8.讲述导致的结果9.作者的态度10.观点一11.观点二12.总结全文

12、ItPaystoBeHonest1.Recently,weoftenhearcomplaintsaboutdishonesty.2.Whatamazesusmostisthatalotofstudentscheatinexams.3.Itistruethattherearedishonestpracticesinallwalksoflife.4.Therearemanyreasonsexplainingthesedishonestbehaviors.5.Themainreasonisthatcountlesspeopleneglectthemoralvaluesinpursuitoftheir

13、owninterests.6.Whatismore,welackeffectivelawsandregulationsofsupervision.7.Thirdly,agreatmanydishonestpeoplecanescapepunishment.8.Asaresult,theproblemofdishonestybecomesveryserious.9.Consideringallthese,Istillwanttoarguethatitpaystobehonestinthelongrun.10.Foronething,honestyisatraditionalvirtueofChi

14、nese.11.Foranother,evendishonestpeoplelikemakingfriendswithhonestpeople.12.Inconclusion,weshouldbehonest.点评：1.引起主题内容，使用often一词表示这种现象较普遍2.是第一句的展开句，说明表现较为典型的一个方面3.进一步做出结论：不诚实这一现象很普遍4.承上启下，说明原因5.指出主要原因：人们在重视自身利益的同时却忽略了道德价值6.进一步细说原因：缺乏法规7.说明不诚实现象有症结所在8.讲述导致的结果9.表述个人的观点，同时也起到了承上启下的作用10.个人观点的理由一11.个人观点的理由

15、二12.总结全文，做人应该诚实模板二：1.Asisknowntoall,_.2._seemtogetaccustomedto_.3.Infact,_.4.Thereasonsof_lieinseveralaspects.5.Firstly,_.6.Secondly,_.7.Thirdly,_.8.Finally,_.9.Asamatteroffact,_.10.Ontheonehand,_.11.Ontheotherhand,_.12.Therefore,_1.摆明现象2.讲明事实，空格内填People/Students等3.说明发生的实质变化4.引起下文，讲明原因5.原因一6.原因二7.原因

16、三8.原因四或总结全段9.说明作者的观点10.支持这一观点的理由一11.理由二12.得出结论1.Asisknowntoall,weoftenhearcomplaintsaboutdishonesty.2.Peopleseemtogetaccustomedtomanydishonestbehaviors.3.Infact,therearedishonestpracticesinallwalksoflife.4.Thereasonsofsocialdishonestylieinseveralaspects.5.Firstly,countlesspeopleneglectmoralvaluesinp

17、ursuitoftheirmaterialbenefits.6.Secondly,unfaircompetitionsworsenthesituation7.Thirdly,welackpowerfulandeffectivelawsandregulationstocopewiththisproblem.8.Finally,alotofdishonestpeoplemayescapepunishmenteasily.9.Asamatteroffact,tobehonestwillbegoodforboththehonestpeopleandoursociety.10.Ontheonehand,

18、behavingyourselfinanhonestwaycanwinrespectfromothers.11.Ontheotherhand,beinghonestisanessentialsteptowardsourspiritualcivilization.12.Therefore,itpaystobehonestinthelongrun.1.摆明现象，引起话题2.讲明事实3.进一步说明不诚实现象的普遍性4.讲明导致不诚实现象的原因很多，引起下文5.讲明原因一6.原因二：不公平竞争导致7.原因三：缺乏有效的法规制止8.原因四：不诚实的人们得不到惩罚9.转而说明作者的观点：诚实有益10.诚实

19、有益的具体表现一11.诚实有益的具体表现12.得出结论：诚实有益。三、问题解决型题型特点：利用对已给出的材料作出自己的分析，论述其原因，然后提出自己的看法或对象。1.Withthe_of_,_.2.Soitisofgreatimportanceforusto_.3.Ontheonehand,_.4.Ontheotherhand,_.5.However,wehavefiguredoutmanywaysto_.6.Firstly,_.7.Solongas_.8.Secondly,_.9.Thirdly_.10.Infact,_.11.Thatisbecause,_.12.Inaword,_.1.问

20、题出现的背景2.引出问题3.问题的后果一4.问题的后果二5.提出解决这一问题的方法6.解决方法一7.进一步说明方法一8.方法二9.方法三10.提出解决问题的根本途径11.支持上句的理由12.总结全文HowtoSucceedinaJobInterview1.WiththedevelopmentoftheH.R.market,theinterviewisbecomingmoreandmoreimportantinjob-seeking.2.Soitisofgreatimportanceforustomasterskillsoninterview.3.Ontheonehand,theintervie

21、wercanknowaboutthecandidatesintheinterview.4.Ontheotherhand,theintervieweecangetnecessaryinformationdirectlyfromtheinterviewer.5.However,wehavefiguredoutmanywaystomakeanexcellentperformanceinaninterview.6.Firstly,theintervieweehastopayattentiontohisappearance.7.Solongaswerealizethatthefirstimpressio

22、nisimportant,wemustpayattentiontoit.8.Secondly,agoodmannerisequallyimportant.9.Thirdlyanintervieweemustdemonstratehisskillsforthejob.10.Infact,theskillsforthejobplayadecisiverole.11.Thatisbecauseskillsenableustocopewellwithourwork.12.Inaword,aqualifiedcandidatemustgiveafairperformance1.是整篇文章的一个铺垫，突出

23、了主题interview的重要性。2.点出文章的意图，掌握面试技巧至关重要。3.和4.是补充说明句2的内容，从两个方面论证掌握技巧的重要性。5.起到了承上启下的作用，介绍多种面试技巧。6至9是本段主题句的展开说明。这一段落组织十分严密，详细介绍面试技巧。6.面试成功途径一：要注重外表。7.对句6的内容做出进一步说明：目的是留下好的第一印象。8.面试成功途径二：要有礼貌。9.面试成功途径三：成功展示自己的工作技能。10.总结归纳成功面试的关键点-工作技能。11.对句10做出合理的解释。12.做出结论，总结全文。四、观点论证型要求：本题型要求考生根据题目给出的论点，按照提纲的结构要求对其进行论证，

24、然后表明自己的立场和看法。首先提出论点或观点，作为全文的出发点；第二段要求考生针对这一观点举出具体的例子来论证,第三段要求考生表明自己的态度、做法，以及在日常生活中如何有效地实践这一观点。1.Itisbelievethat_.2.Thetruthisdeepandprofound.3.Asweknow,_.4.Consequently,_.5.Acaseinpointis_.6.Thisisclosetosuggest_.7.Itistruethat_.8.Inaddition,_.9.Allmentionedabovetellsus_.10.Asamatteroffact,_.11.Ther

25、eisnodenyingthat_.12.Inshort,_.信息提示1.提出观点2.强调这一观点3.观点的理论依据4.证明观点正确性的理论5.提出具体的例子6.深入探讨这一事例7.重申理论的正确性8.其它相关的事实9.重申观点10.观点在日常生活中的体现11.得出结论12.总结全文DontHesitatetoSay“No”1.Itisbelievedthatweshoulddirectlysay“No”onmanyoccasions.2.Thetruthisdeepandprofound.3.Asweknow,whenwecannotofferhelp,weshouldtellthetrut

26、htoothers.4.Consequently,weshouldnothesitatetosay“No”.DontHesitatetoSay“No”5.Acaseinpointisthedailybehaviorofus.6.Thisisclosetosuggestthatitisalwaysnoteasytosay“No”.7.Itistruethatpeopleoftenprefertosay“Yes”forfearofhurtingothers.8.Inaddition,manypeoplethinkthatrefusalusuallymeansinability.9.Allmenti

27、onedabovetellsusitishardforustosay“No”whenweneedto.10.Asamatteroffact,otherswillmisunderstandoursituationwhenweliebysaying“Yes”.11.Thereisnodenyingthatwewillreallyhurtthemwhenwefailtohelpthemintheend.12.Inshort,everybodyshouldlearn1.提出观点：很多情况下都应该说“不”，统领全文。2.进一步说明观点的正确性。3.深入论证观点的正确性。4.得出本段的结论，重申观点。5.

28、以日常行为为实例说明观点。6.说明说“不”的不易性。7.解释为什么人们不说“不”：怕伤害别人。Forfearof:固定短语的正确用法。8.进一步解释人们不说“不”的理由：拒绝意味着无能。9.总结上面的原因，重申说“不”的不易性。10.从反面说明该说“不”的时候不说“不”的坏处一：导致别人的误解。11.该说“不”的时候不说“不”的坏处二：最终不能帮助别人时，会伤害别人。12.总结全文，重申观点：应该学会说“不”。英语翻译注意事项：1、英语信息重点在前，汉语信息重点在后。Youwillloseyourchanceifyoudonttakeactionrightnow.如果不马上采取行动，你就会坐失

29、良机。2、英语多用复合长句。，汉语多用简单短句。Chillygustswithatasteofraininthemhadalmostdispeopledthestreets.阵阵寒风，带着雨意，街上冷冷清清，几乎没有什么行人了3、英语多被动，汉语多主动Hewasaskedbythelocalgovernmenttosetupaninjuriescenteratthehospital.当地政府要求他在医院创建一个创伤医疗中心。词汇的翻译：1、词义选择。根据上下文关系和自身搭配，选择正确的词义。Itisquiteanotherstorynow.现在的情况完全不同了。Thisstoryisveryi

30、nteresting.这个故事很有趣。Thewarisbecomingthemostimportantstoryofthisgeneration.这场战争将成为这代人生命中最重大的事件了。2、词义的引申delicateskin娇嫩的皮肤delicateporcelain精致的瓷器delicatehealth虚弱的健康delicateliving奢侈的生活delicatestomach容易吃坏的胃3、词义的褒贬注意感情色彩。Mybrothersambitionisbecomingapilot.Hitlersambitionistoconquesttheworld.4、词义的转换英语在表达上多用名词，形容词，介词，而汉语多用动词，副词Theverysightofitmakesmenervous一看到他，我就感到紧张。Independentthinkingisanabsolutenecessityinstudy.学习中必须进行独立思考。英文句式的翻译