1、Changjiang River is one of the longest rivers in the world. 长江是世界上最长的河流之一。She majors in music .她主修音乐。All my family love football .我全家人都喜欢足球。My sister is always ready to help others . 我妹妹总是乐于助人。3) 陈述客观事实、客观真理。顾名思义,客观的情况是没有时间概念的;也不会在意动作进行的状态The sun rises in the east .日出东方。The earth goes around the sun
2、 .地球绕着太阳转。Ten minus two is eight.十减二等于八。Light travels faster than sound .光的速度比声音的速度快。The United States lies by the west coast of the Pacific Ocean. 美国位于太平洋西岸。4) 根据英文语法规定,当主句的谓语动词是一般将来时,那么时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。Ill tell him the news when he comes back. 他回来时,我将告诉他这个消息。If you take the job ,
3、they will talk with you in greater details.如果你接受这份工作,他们将和你谈谈细节。用于一般现在时的副词,除了上面提到的一些表示频率的以外,常见的还有:now, today , nowadays等等。1. 用于某些动词(tell, say, hear, learn, gather等)表示不确定的过去时间。如:I hear that he got married last month. 我听说他上个月结婚了。Mary says you told her to come over here. 玛丽说是你让她到这儿来的。2. 当要陈述一个客观事实时,有时即使
4、有过去时间状语也可用一般现在时。The story is set in the summer of 1937. 故事的背景是1937年夏天。The story begins in the year 1937. 故事开始于1937年。一般过去时用动词的过去式构成,即在动词原形后加ed。He was here just now. 他刚才还在这里。What did you do yesterday? 你昨天做了什么事?We often played together when we were children. 我们小时候常在一起玩。He used to smoke a lot, but he do
5、esnt now. 他过去经常抽烟,但现在不抽了。Whenever we were in trouble, he would help us. 每当我们遇到困难,他都会帮助我们。At that time she was very good at English. 那时她英语学得很好。He said he would wait until they came back.主要是用来描述在过去某个时候发生的动作或存在的状态。它也可以用来表示在过去某段时间里经常发生的习惯性动作。这一点在表达意义上与一般现在时相同,只是所在的时间区域不同而已。由于它的主要作用如此,所以在使用一般过去时的句子里常常有一个
6、意义较具体的过去时间状语。这也是它与现在完成时的最大区别之一。一般过去时由谓语动词的过去式表示,也就是说动词词末要加-ed(除不规则动词外)。常和一般过去时连用的过去时间状语有:last night (week ,month , year , century , etc.) , yesterday , the day before yesterday , yesterday morning ( afternoon , evening ) , in 1999 , two hours ago ( one week ago , tree years ago , )等等。使用一般过去时,在某种意义上说
7、就是要强调动作或状态发生或存在于过去的某个时候。过去的时间概念有两层意思:一是指现在某个时间以前的时间;二是指说话、写文章的那个时间点以前的时间,在这个意义上,现在的那个时间点是很小很小的,甚至于小到无法量化的程度。He got his driving license last month. 他上个月拿到了驾照。-Wheres Jim? 吉姆在哪里?-He just went out.他刚刚出去。(1) 在宾语从句中,由于时态呼应的关系,可用一般过去时表示现在:I didnt know you were here. 我不知道你在这儿。(were实际上指现在)I didnt know you w
8、ere so busy我没想到你这么忙。(2) 表示客气委婉的现在:I wondered if you were free this evening. 不知您今晚是否有空。I thought you might like some flowers. 我想您也许想要些花。【注】能这样有的动词主要限于want, wonder, think, hope, intend等少数动词。(3) 用于某些特殊结构中表示现在:Its time we started. 我们该动身了。I wish I knew his name. 要是我知道他的名字就好了。Id rather you lived closer to
9、 us. 我希望你能住得离我们近点。【注】该用法主要用于 its time, I wish, Id rather, if only, as if, as though 等少数结构后接从句的情形,其中有些结构后面的句子还可用一般过去时表示将来:Id rather you came next Monday. 我宁愿你下周星期一来。另外表主观想法的虚拟条件句也用一般过去时表示现在:If I had the money now Id buy a car. 假若我现在有钱,我就买辆小汽车。一般将来时由 will 加动词原形构成,当主语是第一人称时,也可以用 shall 加动词原形。例如:Telephon
10、e me this evening. Ill be at home. 今晚给我打电话,我会在家。Ill (shall/will) do a better job next time. 下次我要干得好些。The car wont start. 车开不了啦。Oil and water will not mix. 油和水没法混在一起。主要用来描述将要发生的动作或存在于未来的情况。这里所说的“将来时间”是指“说话、写文章那一刻以后的时间”。它的表示方法主要有如下几种:1)shall / will + 动词原形这种表示方法是说,动作在现在或目前还未发生,要在将来的某个时间内发生;它没有主观性,是“纯粹的
11、将来动作”。I shall / will not be free tomorrow .我明天没空。He will arrive here this evening .他今晚抵达这里。2) be( am / is / are ) + going +不定式这种表示方法主要是说明 A)“说话人的意图、打算”;B)“某种可能性”。A) He is going to spend his holidays in London . 他打算在伦敦度假。Who is going to speak first? 谁先发言?B) It is going to rain soon .马上要下雨了。Is he goin
12、g to collect any data for us? 他会帮我们收集资料吗?If you go to New Zealand, you are going to like the place. 如果你去新西兰,你会喜欢上那个地方的。3) be( am / is / are ) + 不定式表示方法描述两钟情况:按计划安排要发生的动作,这个动作发生的时间一般不会很远; 要求或命令他人做某事。A) The new bridge is to open to traffic in three days. 新桥三天后通车。The factory is to go into production be
13、fore National Day. 这家工厂国庆节前投产。B) You are not to bring any mobile communication means into the exam-room . 任何移动通讯工具都不得带入考场。You are to stay home until your mother comes back. 你妈回来之前你不要出去。4) 用一般现在时或现在进行时(限于某些动词)表示按计划安排要发生的事。主要强调“按计划安排要发生的事”。Do you get off at the next stop? 你下一站下车吗?The plane takes off a
14、t 11:00 a.m. 那架飞机上午十一点起飞。Mr. Reider is leaving for New York next week. 里德先生下周动身去纽约。1. “be+不定式”:表示命令、安排、倾向或必须、义务等。She is to play Juliet. 她扮演朱丽叶。You are to make the necessary changes. 你要做出必要的改变。2. “be about to + 不定式”:表示即将发生的动作,有“即将”的意思,但不能和具体的时间状语连用。The package is about to come unwrapped. 那个包快散开了。3. “
15、be going + 不定式”:表示按计划或安排打算去做某事,或表示有迹象表明要发生某事。We are going to call her this evening. 我们打算今晚给她打电话。My sisters going to have a baby this summer. 我姐姐今年夏天要生孩子。4. 用现在进行时表示将来:主要表示按规定或时间预计要发生的事。The students are leaving on Sunday. 学生们星期日出发。Were having a party next week. 我们下星期将开一个晚会。5. 用一般现在时表示将来:表示按规定或时间预计要发生
16、的事。We have a holiday tomorrow. 我们明天放假。The train leaves at 10:04 this evening. 火车今晚10:04分开。现在进行时由 am/is/are 加现在分词构成。 例句: Theyre having a meeting. 他们在开会。Im studying at an evening school. 我在上夜校。Mike is coming home on Thursday. 迈克星期四回来。Theyre having a party next week. 下星期他们将开一个晚会。Youre always interrupti
17、ng me! 你老打断我的话!(抱怨)My father is always losing his car keys. 我爸老丢车钥匙。(不满)Shes always helping people. 她老是帮助别人。(赞扬)主要用来描述“说话、写文章的当刻”正在发生的动作,或是“现阶段”一直在进行的动作。它适用于下面的情况:1)“说话、写文章的当刻”正在发生的动作。They are having a football match .他们正在赛足球。She is writing her term paper. 她正在写学期论文。Someone is asking for you on the p
18、hone. 有人找你听电话。2)“现阶段”一直在进行的动作。这种情况并不是说某个动作在说话的那会儿正在发生,而是说某个动作在当前一段时间内一直在进行着,或是重复地发生着。He is preparing for CET Band Six. 他在为大学英语六级考试作准备。How are you getting along with your new job? 你那份新工作干得怎么样?3)表示说话人的情感,如:赞许、批评;喜欢、厌恶等。这时的动作并不是正在发生或进行,而是表示经常性,相当于“一般现在时”所描述的情况。He is always thinking of others , not of h
19、imself . (表示赞许)他总是为他人着想,而不为自己。She is often doing well at school. (表示满意)她在学校学习挺不错的。Are you feeling better today? (表示亲切)你今天觉得好一些吗?One of my roommates is constantly leaving things about.(表示不满)我的一个室友老是乱扔东西。Some sellers are often knocking at our door and promoting their products to us .(表示不喜欢) 有些推销员老是敲我家
20、的门,向我们推销他们的产品。4)表示在近期按计划或安排要发生的动作,用于这种情况仅限于少量的动词,如:go , come , leave ,arrive , see , have , lunch( 吃午饭 ) , return, dine ( 进餐,尤指晚餐 ) , work , sleep , stay , play , do , wear( 穿,戴 ) 等。m dinning out with my friends this evening. 今晚我将和朋友在外面吃饭。An American professor is giving a lecture this afternoon. 今天下
21、午一位美国教授要来作报告。We are having a holiday next Wednesday. 下周三我们放假。Are you staying here till next week? 你要在这儿呆到下星期吗?现在进行时表将来,主要表示按计划或安排要发生的动作:Im leaving tomorrow. 我明天走。Theyre getting married next month. 他们下个月结婚。现在进行时与一般现在时均可表示将来,区别是:用现在进行时表示将来,其计划性较强,并往往暗示一种意图;而一般现在时表示将来,则其客观性较强,即通常被视为客观事实,多指按时刻表或规定要发生的情况
22、:Im not going out this evening. 今晚我不准备出去。What time does the train leave? 火车什么时候开?过去进行时主要表示在过去的某个时间点上正在发生、进行的动作。由于它的定义是表示在过去的某个时间点上正在发生、进行的动作,所以,句子常带有一个表示“过去某个时间点”的状语。这个状语可能是短语,词组,或是一个从句。也可能是通过上下文来表达这层意思。过去进行时主要用于下面的情景中:1)表示在过去某时刻正在进行的动作,例如:At this moment yesterday, I was packing for camp.昨天这个时候,我正在收
23、拾东西去露营。When I came to see her last time, she was writing an article.上次我来看她的时候,她正在写一篇文章。What were you doing at eight last night ? 昨晚八点钟你在做什么?2)用于故事的开头,交代故事发生的背景情况。过去进行时所描述的动作是“正在进行”,所以,在这种情景中用“过去进行时”可以给读者一种“动感”,从而能使文章更加生动活泼。One night, he was typing in his study . Suddenly , a man broke into his house
24、 and cut off the electricity .一天晚上,他正在书房里打字。突然,一个人闯进屋来,切断了电源3)(仅限少数动词)表示在过去的未来时间要发生的动作。When National Day was coming near , they began to make a plan for the holiday .国庆节即将来临的时候,他们开始制订度假计划。She told me that she was going to Hainan for her holiday. 她告诉我她将去海南度假。My friend said to me that he was lunching
25、with one of his customers that day .我朋友对我说,他今天要与他的一位客户一块儿吃午饭。We left there when its getting dark. 天快黑的时候,我们离开了那儿。用过去进行时表示现在,主要是为了使语气委婉、客气。I was wondering if you could give me a lift. 我不知你能否让我搭一下车。We were hoping you would stay with us. 我们很希望你能跟我们住在一起。How much did you want to spend, sir? 先生,您打算花多少钱?注:
26、一般过去时也有类似用法,但比较而言,用过去进行时显得更客气,更不肯定。过去完成时由 had 加动词的过去分词构成。She said she had never been to Paris. 她说她从未去过巴黎。When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到达时,小偷们早就跑了。By the time he was twelve, Edison had begun to make a living by himself. 到了十二岁那年,爱迪生开始自己谋生。一、过去完成时的概念与结构特点概念:过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经
27、发生或完成了的动作,即过去的过去( past-in-the-past )-|- |-|-那时以前 那时 现在构成:过去完成时由助动词 had + 过去分词构成,其中 had 通用于各种人称。They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel.She had finished writing the composition by 10 :00 this morning.二、过去完成时的判断依据1. 由时间状语来判定一般说来,各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有:( 1 ) by + 过去的时间点。如: I had finished reading the novel by nine oclock last night.( 2 ) by the end of + 过去的时间点。
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