句式专题Word格式文档下载.docx

1、A singer and dancer is coming to our party. a singer and dancer既歌唱又可舞的演员。而 a singer and a dancer are coming to our party.则要译为：一位歌唱家和一位舞蹈家。有些以 s结尾的名词谓语动词要用单数，如： The news is good （news为不可数名词）。 有量词时应按量词的数量计算； This pair of glasses is good My glasses are broken. 有些形单却意为复数的名词，如： People are coming here 这样的

2、词还有 Police， 如果要讲一个警察时，应讲 a policeman。 两个警察为 two policemen。 又如 a policewoman, two policewomen 所有不定代词 each， either， neither， one， the other， nobody， nothing， anyone， anything， someone， something 要作为单数如： Someone is waiting for you 在并列句中表示联合关系的连词有： and ，not only but also，neither nor，either or 如: My sist

3、er and my parents are going to the cinema。 表示转折关系的并列连词有： but和 yet， 如： She is a good student, but she didnt pass the final exam.又如： I think the news is strange, yet it is true 表示选择关系的连词有：or， either or，如： Hurry up, or you will be late for school 表示因果关系的并列连词有： for， so如： They studied very hard， so they

4、all passed the exam 在初中范围复合句中主要有状语从句和宾语从句（名词性从句）两种，而定语从句（形容词性从句）要在高中讲述，为了使同学阅读文章方便，我们将在下面另一章予以介绍。我们首先来看宾语从句。宾语从句：在及物动词的后面可以接一个名词来充当宾语，如： I knew the man,而这时也可以用一个句子来充当宾语，如： I knew that he was a good man 这时宾语从句的连接词有 that, （that只在从句中起联接作用，不在句中充当语法成分，既不是主语也不是宾语，所以在口语中常常被省略。 I am sure （that） she has pass

5、ed the exam if, whether它们在宾语从句中只起连接作用，不起语法作用，当作是否讲。从句中有 or not结构时，要用 whether,如： I ask him if （whether） he has had his lunch I asks him whether he has had his lunch or not what它在宾语从句中除了作连接词外，还要作主语或宾语成份，如： I dont understand what you said （what作 said的宾语）。又如： I asked him what made him sick （what在宾语从句中作主

6、语）。who，它也和what一样，在句中除作连接词外，可以充当句中的成份，如：I know who she is looking for?whose如： I want to know whose book this is?which如： Do you know which book is mine?在连接词中还有4个常用的连接副词，how它的应用最广，如： how much, how many, how long, how soon, how old。 How much does it cost?when它只是连接时间状语，如： Please tell me when the meeting

7、will begin?where它连接地点状语，如： Where are you from?why它要连接的是原因状语从句，如： The teacher asked why Tom didnt come to school.在考试中常见到的考点是： 宾语从句的时态与主句时态的呼应问题。主句谓语动词如果是现在时或将来时，宾语从句的时态可以是任何所需要的时态， 如： I know he didnt come.我知道他没来。 I know he will come tomorrow 我知道他明天来。I know he has gone to London 我知道他已去伦敦了。主句中的谓语动词若是过去

8、时，宾语从句也要用过去时态中的某一种。 一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时。除了在表达宇宙中的客观真理时，不能用现在时态。 I wanted to know when he would come The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun 状语从句：主要有时间状语从句，其连接词有：after， before， when， as， as soon as， until （till）， while， since， by 其中较难掌握的有以下几点： until （till）直到，在用 until表达时间状语的句子中，主句中的动词是要

9、十分小心去选择。如动词是持续性动词，它要用肯定句，如： I studied hard until 12 oclock last night.如果动词是瞬间截止性动词，则要用否定句，如： He didnt go to bed until his mother came back 由 since， for， by， before来引导的时间状语从句。 since引导的时间状语是动作的开始时间，如： I have studied English since 而由 by引导的时间状语通常是动作的结束时间，如： I had learned 25 English songs by the end of l

10、ast term 而before则多用于完成时， ago则多用于一般过去时，如： He had finished his work before twelve yesterday I left my hometown two years ago 在状语从句中用一般现在时或一般过去时表示将来。它们可能是主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，如： If it rains, they wont go to the parkon Sunday 也可以主句是一般过去时，从句用一般过去进行时，如： He said if it rained the next day he would not go to th

11、e park 考试中常见的考点有：要学生区别是条件、时间状语从句还是宾语从句，因在宾语从句中该用什么时态用什么时态，如： I want to know if he will come here tomorrow 在宾语从句中的条件状语从句与主句的关系，如： I want to know if it rains ,because he will come here tomorrow 在原因状语从句中主要是because， 应译为因为。它表达的因果关系最强，如：t pass the exam because he didnt study hard since应译为既然，如： Since you w

12、ere ill yesterday I left some notes on your desk as应译为由于 As it is too hot wed better go swimming since与 as所表达的因果关系远比 because弱得多。而 for表达的因果关系最弱。它不能用于句首，如： He studies hard, for he wants to go to college 在比较状语从句中有同级比较 as as， 如： This book is as good as that one 要注意的有两点：as as中间要用原级而不是比较级。用形容词还是副词，如： Mary

13、 writes as carefully as Tom 而其否定句为 not as （so） as， 如： They didnt work so hard as we did,而不同级比较用比较级加 than,如： He is younger than I am 要注意的是表示越来越这一概念时有两个句型：比较级and比较级，如：The days are getting longer and longer The little girl is becoming more and more beautiful 定冠词 the 比较级 the 比较级，如： The harder you study,

14、 the more you can learn 方式状语从句中要注意的是as （连词）与 like （介词）的区别。 as作为连词其后接从句，如： Please do it as I did it 但后面的句子常作省略，如： Please do it as I 而 like是介词，其后要接的是宾语，如： Please do it like me 结果和目的状语从句主要有 so that， so that， in order that等几种用法。so that 用在单数可数名词前，so 形容词 a 名词 that，如： She is so beautiful a girl that everyo

15、ne likes her 或用 such a 形容词 名词 that,如： She is such a beautiful girl that everyone likes her 在不可数名词或可数名词复数前只能用 such， 如： It is such good weather we want to go for a picnic 又如： They are such good players that they should win the game.在much， many， few， little之前只能用so， 如： I have so little money that I cant

16、 buy it so that之间只有形容词时，则不能用 such， 如： It is so good that I want to buy so that其后接从句，如： I got up earlier so that I could catch the first bus （二）正误辨析 误 The stories in that book was written many years ago 正 The stories in that book were written many years ago. 析 作主语的名词、代词或不定式、动名词，它们往往要带有修饰词，这些词可能是形容词，也

17、可能是短语，但谓语动词还是要取决于这个主语的数，要记住的是一个名词不可能在同一句中作两个不同的语法成份，如： book作了 of的介词宾语则不可能再作主语了。误 To read many books are good for you 正 To read many books is good for you 析 不定式作主语应该看作单数主语。 误 What he said are right 正 What he said is right 析 从句作主语一定要按单数主语看待。正 The rich is not always happy 误 The rich are not always happ

18、y 析 形容词定冠词表示一类人，谓语动词应用复数，如： The young are very interested in study and sports 误 The school master and writer are coming 正 The school master and writer is coming 析 本句应译为：校长兼作家就要来了。而 The school master and the writer are coming 则要译为：校长和一个作家要来了。在英语表达法中确实有 The girl and boy are playing on the grass 这应译为：一

19、个女孩，一个男孩在操场上玩。因为不可能这样两个概念作用在一个人身上。 the husband and wife 夫妻二人。误 You or she go to get some water for us 正 You or she goes to get some water for us 析 由 or连接的两个主语应以离谓语动词近的那一个计算其数。这样的用法还有 either or，neither nor， not only but also也有人称作就近原则误 The teacher with a lot of students come into the classroom 正 The t

20、eacher with a lot of students comes into the classroom 析 真正的主语是 the teacher， 而 with短语是伴随状态，不影响主语的数。误 My glasses is broken 正 My glasses are broken 误 This pair of glasses are good 正 This pair of glasses is good 误 These kinds of butter is good. 正 These kinds of butter are good 析 英语中有些名词只有复数形式，如： glasse

21、s眼镜， shorts短裤等。如没有量词在前时，要用复数谓语动词，但有了量词之后则要按量词的单复数计算。误 One of the boys are going to take part in the match 正 One of the boys is going to take part in the match 析 One of结构应以 one来计算主语的数。误 Half of the work are done 正 Half of the work is done 误 Half of the books is read 正 Half of the books are read 析 在小于

22、1的数量词作主语时，如： ， of名词，这时主语的数应按 of后面的名词计算。如果名词是不可数名词或可数名词单数，则谓语动词要用单数，如名词是复数则要用复数谓语动词。误 Each sides are full of trees 正 Each side is full of trees 误 Both side is full of trees 正 Both sides are full of trees 析 each， either其后都要加单数名词，而 both后要加复数名词。 如： each， either， another， little， a little， much等作主语时，谓语动词

23、全部要用单数形式。误 The boys each has an apple 正 The boys each have an apple 析 each作同位语时，不影响句子的主语。误 Everyone of us has a ticket for the concert 正 Every one of us has a ticket for the concert 析 everyone， someone， everybody 在作主语时都不能加 of结构。误 Girls like dancing very much， but few likes playing football 正 Girls l

24、ike dancing very much， but few like playing football 析 few虽然含意上是几乎没有，但作主语时仍要当作复数。误 The number of the workers in that factory are two hundred 正 The number of the workers in that factory is two hundred 析 the number of意为：某某的数字是 如： the number of students学生人数， the number of players运动员人数。不论数字如何都应看作单数。而 a

25、number of与 many意思相同，其后加可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数形式。 A number of students are playing on the grass 误 The rest of the students is here 正 The rest of the students are here 误 The rest of the work are done 正 The rest of the work is done 析 the rest of的用法与，一半， of的结构一致， of后面为可数名词复数时用复数谓语动词，为不可数名词或可数名词单数时用单数谓语动词。这样用法还有

26、 lots of， a lot of， plenty of。误 The news in todays newspaper are not bad 正 The news in todays newspaper is not bad 析 有些以 s结尾的名词要用作不可数名词，它们是：news， physics， mathematics， thanks， 误 The Chinese is kind and friendly 正 The Chinese are kind and friendly 析 Chinese作为中文来讲是单数名词，但作为中国人讲是单复同形的名词。 one Chinese， tw

27、o Chinese 而 The Chinese The people of China要用复数谓语动词。误 This dictionary is too expensive for me Ten dollars are a big sum for me正 This dictionary is too expensive for me Ten dollars is a big sum for me析 表示一段时间，一笔金钱，一段距离，都应看作单数名词。误 Who are going to take part in our football match?正 Who is going to take

28、 part in our football match?析 用 who提问时，习惯上用单数谓语动词，但 which则要视其情况而定，如： which are better these shoeses or those shoes? which is better this one or that one?误 What a hot weather it is!误 How hot the weather it is!正 What hot weather it is!正 How hot the weather is!析 感叹句是用来表达说话人的喜怒哀乐的感情。它由 what与 how作句子的开始，判定是用 what还是用 how的最好办法是将它们换为陈述句，比如： Wh