9A Chapter 3 The night of the horseWord文档下载推荐.docx

1、Who runs the business? 谁管事？He is running the shop while the owner is away. 店主不在他经营商店。run作为动词，可作“跑，驾驶，运转，延伸，流失，上演”等之意。eg. Im tired because Ive just run home from school.我累了，因为我刚从学校跑回家。The machines run day and night. 机器日夜不停地转动。The good news ran through our village. 这个好消息在我们村里传开了。（2）on作介词，意为“关于”。eg. We

2、 are going to listen to a lecture on Africa history this afternoon.今天下午我们将听一个关于非洲历史的演讲。辨析：on, aboutabout指泛泛地或非正式地谈论某事，on指比较系统、深入地论述某事。试比较：It is a book on birds. 那是一本论及鸟类的书。（可能是一本学术著作）It is a book about birds. 那是一本关于鸟的书。（可能是一本供小孩看的关于鸟类的故事书） 2. This is a story one of the students sent in. 这是其中一个学生寄来的参

3、赛故事。（1）本句是一个含有定语从句的复合句。one of the students sent in作定语，修饰story，其中，省去了作宾语的关系代词。（2）send in表示“将某物寄去某处（参加比赛或进行处理），或派遣到某地”。eg. I have made up my mind to send in my resignation. 我决心提交我的辞职申请书。We decided it was time to send in British troops. 我们认定是该派遣英国军队去那里的时候了。与send有关的短语：send away 开除，解雇 send for 派人去请send u

4、p 发射，把往上送 set off 出发，动身，启程set ones mind to do sth. 一心想做 4. But the captain of the guards was no longer listening. 但首领并没有再听下去。（1）no longer固定短语，意为“不再”，相当于notany longer，表示某种状态在某个时间之后不再继续下去，本身带有否定含义，常用在系动词之后，实义动词之前。m no longer a student. 我不再是个学生了。Im not a student any longer.He no longer lives here. 他不在这

5、儿居住了。He doesnt live here any longer.no longer; not . any longer; no more; not . any moreno longer相当于not any longer，指“时间上不再延续”，常与状态动词或延续性动词连用。eg. Annie does not live here any longer. 安妮不住在这儿了。 He is no longer a child. 他不再是一个小孩子了。no more相当于not any more，指“数量上或程度上不再增加”，常与瞬间动词连用。eg. I have no more money

6、to give you. 我没有更多的钱给你。The baby watched and listened, and she didnt cry any more. 那个婴儿看着、听着，不再哭了。 5. He looked down at the empty plain and, beyond it, at the empty sea.他俯视着空旷的平原，再远处是空寂的大海。（1）look作不及物动词，意为“看”，look down向下看，其后接宾语加介词at，at后接看的对象，反义词组为look up at向上看eg. He looked down at the valley on the t

7、op of the hill. 他从山顶俯视峡谷。He looked up at the blue sky and saw a plane flying over the city.他向天空望去，看见一架飞机从城市上空飞过。look down upon表示“瞧不起，歧视”的意思。eg. We shouldnt look down upon the poor. 我们不应该看不起穷人。（2）beyond在此句中作介词用，介词beyond一般有四种用法： 在位置上表“在以外”、“在的那边”之意。eg. Our steel works is a mile beyond the town. 我们的钢厂在

8、离城一英里外。Their paper mill is beyond the river. 他们的造纸厂是在河的对岸。 在时刻上表示“过了”、“比晚”之意。eg. Now it is beyond six oclock. 现在过六点了。Today he checked the circuit beyond the usual time. 今天他比平时晚些才检查好线路。 在范围上表示“超过”、“出乎之外”之意。eg. beyond all comparison无可比拟；beyond all hope没有希望；beyond belief难以置信；beyond comprehension不能理解；be

9、yond dispute无可争论；beyond control不受约束，不受控制；beyond doubt无疑；beyond expression难以喻言；beyond expectation出乎意料，不料The book is quite beyond me.（表语）这本书非我所能理解。We found Beijing changed beyond recognition.（状语）我们发现北京变了，使人认不得了。By radar people can see the things beyond the visibility of them.（定语）利用雷达人们能看见视线以外的东西。作“除外”

10、解。eg. Beyond this he knows nothing. 除此以外，他一无所知。I know nothing about the matter beyond what I have read in the magazines.（what从句作beyond的宾语。）关于这件事，除了我在杂志上所看到的以外，我毫无所知。 6. The Greeks have tried for ten years to capture our city. 希腊人用了十年去试图占领我们的城市。（1）The Greeks 希腊人定冠词通常用在表示姓氏的复数名词或表示民族名称的名词前，表示全家或整个民族。e

11、g. The Turners are sitting at breakfast table. 特纳一家正在吃早饭。The English have a wonderful sense of humour. 英国人富有幽默感。（2）to capture our city相当于to make our city their prisoner，意为“占领我们的城市”。capture作动词，意为“夺取，占领”，后边可加人/地点/动物/事物。eg. They captured Tom and threw him in prison. 他们抓住了汤姆，并把他送进监狱。It took them 24 hour

12、s to capture the city. 攻下这座城市花费了他们24个小时。Our task was to capture a number of these monkeys alive. 我们的任务是活捉许多猴子。Overseas firms captured almost 41 of the market. 海外公司掌握了将近41的市场。 7. You dont have to think. 你不必考虑。dont have to相当于neednt，意为“没有必要”。eg. Since you are ill you dont have to attend the meeting.既然你

13、病了，就不必参加这个会议。Mrs. Li doesnt have to wash the dishes this evening, because her daughter has washed them.今晚李夫人不必再洗盘子，因为她女儿已经洗好了。t have to/neednt可以作为must开头的疑问句的否定答语。eg. Must we clean the classroom now? 我们必须现在打扫教室吗？Yes, you must. 是的，必须现在打扫。No, you neednt/ dont have to. 不必现在打扫。 8. Outside the main gate o

14、f the city stood a huge horse made of wood.一匹巨大的木马矗立城外。（1）这是一个倒装句，相当于A huge horse made of wood stood outside the main gate of the city.地点状语后面如有表示位置的动词 （如lie, live, sit, stand） 或转移的动词 （如come, go, rise），用作主语的名词可以放在动词之后。这种情形主要出现在描写文中。eg. At the top of the hill stood the tiny chapel. 那座小教堂矗立在山顶上。In the

15、fields of poppies lay the dying soldiers. 罂粟地里躺着奄奄一息的士兵们。主语如是代词则不能倒装。eg. At the top of the hill it stood out against the sky. 它背衬青天矗立在山顶上。（2）a huge horse made of wood表示“木制的巨大马匹”，made of wood是过去分词短语作定语，相当于定语从句，a huge horse made of wood.a horse which was made of wood.eg. some desks made of wood 木制的课桌；

16、a knife made of iron 铁制的小刀 be made of，be made from，be made in，be made by，be made forbe made of和be made from都表示“由制成”，主语为制成品，但前者表示制成成品后，仍可看出原材料是什么，保留原材料的质和形状，制作过程仅发生物理变化；后者表示制成的东西完全失去了原材料的外形或特征，或原材料在制作过程中发生化学变化，在成品中已无法辨认。eg. The kite is made of paper风筝是用纸做的。Bread is made from corn. 面包是小麦做的。Butter is m

17、ade from milk黄油是从牛奶中提炼出来的。be made in表示某物在某地生产或制造，in后接表示地点的名词；be made by表示“由（谁）制造”，by后接动作的执行者；be made for表示“为而制造”。eg. This TV set is made in Shanghai这台电视是上海制造的。The machine is made by the workers in the factory这机器是由工厂里的工人们制造的。These desks were made for the students这些书桌是为学生们做的。 9. Its so big that they c

18、ouldnt take it with them. 木马太大了，他们拉不走。（1）“so形容词或副词that”结构用于引导结果状语从句，表示“如此以至于”。eg. The doctor was so excited that he couldnt fall asleep.那个医生如此兴奋以至于无法入睡。The cinema is so far that well have to take a bus there.电影院太远了，我们不得不乘公共汽车去那儿。（2）sothat与suchthat的区别在sothat句型中，so是副词，其后跟形容词或副词；而suchthat结构中，such是形容词，后

19、面接名词或名词短语。两句型意思一样，结构不同，但引导的都是结果状语从句。即eg. The dog runs so fast that I cant catch it.那只狗跑得那么快，我抓不住它。It was such a cold day that people had to stay at home. 天那么冷，人们不得不待在家。It was such cold weather that some people caught a cold. 天那么冷，有些人感冒了。 10. And so the Trojans dragged it into the city with ropes.然后特

20、洛伊人用绳子把马拽进了城市。drag作动词，意为“拖，拉”，后边可以加sth./sb.eg. She dragged a chair across the room to join them.她拖把椅子穿过房间和他们坐在一起。The Greeks seized the captain and dragged him away.希腊人抓住了上尉并拖走了他。drag, draw与pulldrag“拖，拉”，指慢慢地拖着笨重的东西，意味着所拖的东西阻力很大。eg. The horse was dragging a heavy load. 马拖着很重的东西。He dragged the body ou

21、t of the river. 他从河中把死尸拉出来。draw “拖，拉”，与pull相比，它通常指较平稳地，也往往是比较从容地拉。eg. Draw your chair up to the table. 把你的椅子拉到桌子旁边来。He drew the book towards him. 他把书拉/拖到他面前。pull是个普通用语，意思是“用力拉”，指物体朝发出力的方向移动，不强调移动的方式。eg. He pulled the door open. 他拉开了门。Pull the door open. Dont push it. 把门拉开,别推。 11. They sang and dance

22、d around the horse, and make jokes about their enemies, the stupid Greeks. 他们围着马唱歌，跳舞，开他们的敌人的玩笑愚蠢的希腊人。make jokes about固定词组，意为“以为笑柄，取笑”。eg. They made jokes about my old hat. 他们取笑我的旧帽子。类似的词组有：play a joke on sb. 开某人的玩笑eg. Lets play a joke on Tom and close the door so that he cant get in.让我们给汤姆开个玩笑，关上门不

23、让他进来。have a joke 开玩笑eg. She was having a joke with Tom.她正和汤姆开玩笑。 12. They all went to sleep, including the gate guards.他们全都去睡觉了，包括门卫。including作介词，意为“包括”。eg. There were six people in the car, including a baby. 车里有六个人，包括一个小孩儿。The new apartment consists of three rooms including the kitchen. 这套公寓有三个房间，包

24、括厨房。include, includinginclude及物动词，意思是“包括；算在内”，后可接名词或动词-ing形式作宾语。eg. Your duty includes putting the children to bed. 你的任务包括安排孩子们睡觉。Please include me in your group. 请把我算在你们组内。including 介词，意思是“包括”，后接名词或代词。eg. Therere twenty people in all, including us. 包括我们在内，一共有二十个人。Eight people including two kids, we

25、re injured in the explosion.八个人，包括两名儿童，在爆炸中受伤。 13. By midnight, the square was empty except for the giant horse.午夜，广场上空荡荡的，除了那匹巨大的马。except for固定词组，意为“除之外”。eg. The room is empty except for a broken chair. 除了一把椅子，房间是空的。Your composition was very good except for several mistakes.除了几个小毛病，你的文章不错。except, e

26、xcept for两者都有“除之外”的意思，但except指的是从同类的人或事物中排除其中一部分。eg. He gets up early every day except Sunday. 除星期天外，他每天早起。except for指除去的同所提到的不是同类事物，它所除去的部分是对前面总的情况作一些反面细节补充或说明，从而部分地修正句中所叙述的主要意思。eg. Your writing is good except for a few grammar mistakes. 除了几处语法错误外，你的作文写得很好。 14. In one night, they succeed in capturi

27、ng it by a trick. 一夜之间，他们通过一个计谋成功地占领了它。（1）succeed作动词，意为“成功”。succeed in doing sth.相当于be successful in doing sth. 意为“做取得成功”。eg. We succeeded in passing all the exams. 我们成功地通过了所有的考试。（2）by在此作介词，意为“靠，通过”，表示方式。eg. Edison made a living by selling newspaper when he was young.爱迪生小时候靠卖报纸谋生。by还有如下用法：by指“用某种方法”或“用某种手段”。eg. Please tell your father by telephone.请用电话告诉你父亲。We often go home by bus.我们常常乘公共汽车回家。These coats were made by hand.这些外套是手工做的。注意：b