研究生复试英语集锦Word文档下载推荐.docx

1、照此下去，阅读非但不能帮助反而束缚和制约了听力的发展和提高。也切忌边听边读。听、读同时进行，似乎有助于听懂，但如果长期如此，会同样使听力陷入误区，即不能将大脑的思维活动集中在音响信息上，而是在听、读之间往返，听觉、视觉交替进行，导致精力分散，无法专心致志。因此笔者建议：一定要先听，即使一下子听不懂，也不要忙于看文字材料，这时再听第二遍、第三遍，如果还是听不懂，再求助于文字材料，但此时至少所听内容的语音形式已在你脑子里留下了一定的印象，甚至还能重复出来，借助于阅读使你理解了这些语音信息，一旦同样信息在另一种场合再现时，便不再成为难点，这才能达到阅读促进听力的目的。（三）边听边记，训练短期记忆能力

2、听力复试题大部分都是非常具体的细节，音响信息瞬间即逝，有时单凭大脑记忆是不够的，需要强化记忆的内容必须随时笔录下来，对此我们建议考生：（1）练习听写，平时听录音时就要有意识地将关键信息写下来，一方面训练信息接受的准确性；另一方面培养短期记忆、正确拼写单词的能力。练习听写还能强制性地迫使自己全神贯注、积极思考。（2）学会用最简单、最省时、自己最熟悉的符号记录信息，只要自己能识别的，汉字、代码、符号什么都行。长单词可以暂记两三个字母，用箭头表示方位或发展方向等。总之，要有意识地训练自己的速记能力，借助于记录，使自己听得准，听得全，记住得多，回答得正确。（四）熟悉语义及语篇衔接词功能，把握信息走向在

3、听音过程中，考生的思路要想跟上录音的意流，把握信息的走向，必须将注意力投放在识别某些信号词上，这对提高获取信息的效率起着至关重要的作用。所谓信号词，是指人们在交流过程中用来构架语句间、语段或语篇的脉络，以帮助他人理解或抓住说话人思路的逻辑关系衔接词。这些词按其功能分为：表示列举、增补关系的信号词，如and、in addition to、one more thing等；表示转折或对比关系的信号词，如although、 by contrast、as a matter of fact等；表示顺序或序列关系的信号词，如first、before、first of all等；表示解释或强调关系的信号词，如

4、that is、in particular、I mean等；表示因果关系的信号词，如as a result、therefore、since等；表示归纳、结论性关系的信号词，如as a result、altogether、finally等；表示各种语义衔接关系的常用词句，如And now we will 、Id like to move o n to、now tell me等。掌握了上述信号词及其功能，考生就能意识到说话人先说什么、后说什么，什么时候转问题，即便是遇到生词或错过了一两句，也可以对上下文内容做出合乎逻辑的推测判断，保持思维的连贯性，更好地理解整个语段的内容。（五）增加文化背景知识，

5、提高理解质量在听力复试中，考生有时觉得似乎听清了内容，却回答不出问题，这种理解上的障碍往往不是来自于语言本身，而是由于缺乏文化背景知识或知识面过窄，或不了解涉及某一领域常见词汇所造成的。因此，考生在备考时应广听、泛听，注意在阅读文章中汲取文化营养，注重背景知识的积累，有意识扩大知识面，不断完善自己的知识结构。掌握了文化背景知识，理解起来自然就轻松多了。当然，背景知识只能帮助却不能代替对语言的掌握，如果没有听懂语言本身，而单纯凭背景知识进行猜测，也是不可取的。（六）培养良好的心理素质，临场超水平发挥良好的心理素质也是听力理解取胜必备的因素。听力是中国考生的弱项，很多人缺乏自信心，对听力存有恐惧心

6、理，未听先怕，以至于使本来就相对紧张的状态更加紧张。因此，考生应认识到，考场不仅有知识的拼搏，更有心理素质的考验，作好心理准备是语言因素之外的必备临考条件。我们建议考生复试前尽量放松，避免精神过度紧张；听时全神贯注、沉着应变，万一遇到没有听懂或漏听的情况，应及时稳定情绪，千万不要慌了手脚，或注意力长时间滞留，这时应遵循“丢卒保帅”的原则，及时转入后续内容。（七）选择合适的听力材料，精、泛结合，达到事半功倍的效果选择合适的听力训练材料，对于有效利用时间，少走弯路，在相对短的时间内提高听力水平也是一个重要因素。关于听力材料的选择，我们认为，应该从两方面考虑：一是难度适中，即从自己的实际水平出发，选

7、择难易程度适合的材料。材料难度太大，会丧失信心、失去兴趣，产生恐惧感；过于简单，易盲目乐观、缺少压力，不利于提高。可以从三个方面把握难度：语速快慢；篇幅长短；题材和体裁。关于语速，笔者不赞成从慢速材料听起，而是强调坚持听正常速度的录音。可以在用词范围、篇幅及材料体裁、题材上降低难度，最好不要以牺牲语速来求得理解上的轻松。因为我们毕竟最终目的是要听懂自然语速的交流，况且流畅的语流可强制性刺激大脑快速反应，迫使听者全神贯注，专心致志。这样做最初考生可能感到不适应，听不懂，但多听几遍，连续听一段时间，就会有明显进步。二是录音材料的种类。现在市场上录音材料一种是教材中阅读课文的录音带，第二种是听力教材

8、的录音带，属于专门用来训练听力技能的录音，其特点是，从练习语音开始，分步骤、按阶段、循序渐进、系统完整，既有讲解又有练习，还总结归纳方法技巧，并按题材分单元逐个训练，适于学生从低到高，由易到难，打好扎实的基础，逐步提高水平。上述任何一种材料都可以从某一个角度对考研听力起一定的作用，但都不能说与考研听力复试吻合，根本的还是应该从提高听力水平入手。复试中的口试要求从以下三个方面进行评价：1、语言准确性（语法和用词的准确性、语法结构的复杂性、词汇的丰富程度、发音的准确性）2、话语的长短和连贯性（内容的连贯性、寻找合适词语而造成的停顿频率及长短、表达思想的语言长短等）3、语言的灵活性和适合性（语言表达

9、是否灵活、自然，话语是否得体，语言能否与语境、动能和目的相适应） 评价成绩为：a优秀-能用外语就指定的话题进行口头交流，基本没有困难b良好-能用外语就指定的题材进行口头交流，虽有些困难，但不影响交流c及格-能用外语就指定的话题进行简单的口头交流d不及格-不具有口头表达能力口试内容与结构 分为两部分，有两名教师参加口试工作，一名教师主持口试，随时与考生交谈并评分；另一名教师专事评分，不参与交谈。两名口试教师所给的分数各占口试成绩的50%。 第一部分：考查学生理解并回答有关日常生活、家庭、工作、学习等问题的能力（3分钟）。 第二部分：考查学生连续表达的能力。考生从所给你的问题中选择一个话题，就此话

10、题表达自己的看法（3分钟）。口试用材料（部分,仅供参考） part Ainterlocutor（问话者）：-good morning. my name is ,and this is my colleague.he is just going to listening to us .are your name is.?-first of all, wed like to know sth. about you, so im going to ask some questions about yourself.（从以下各项问题中选择几个适当的问题提问考生）-hometownwhere are y

11、ou from?how long have you lived there?how do you like it? why?do you live near here? where about?what do you think are the good points about living in this city?-familycould you tell us sth. about you family?what does your family usually do for the weekend?what do you think about living together wit

12、h your parents?-leisuredo you have any hobbies?how did you become interested in the hobbies?-study/workwhy do you choose to study at our institute?why do you want to go to graduate school instead of finding a job?what are your favorite subjects?what kind of job did you do?have you ever worked during

13、 the vacation?why do you want to go back to study instead of going on with your work?what qualifications are needed in order to do your job well?what did you enjoy most about your campus life?-future planswhat do you expect to achieve during your study if you are enrolled into this institute?do you

14、think english is important for your future plans? in what aspects is it important?part b-now id like you to talk about sth. for about 3 minutes.here is a list of topics（将一组话题或问题递给学生），pls read the topics and choose one from the list you like to talk about. youll have 5 minutes to prepare for your tal

15、k.（5 分钟后）could you tell me what you want to talk about? all right, youll have 3 minutes to give your talk. would you begin?（the interloculor may intervene only when necessary）topics/questions（只列举了一部分话题）-give your comment on the statement that “a part-time job is an important experience that every co

16、llege student should have.”-use specific examples to set forth your views on the saying “haste makes waste”.-describe one of your own experiences to demonstrate that “nothing ever becomes real till it is experienced”-explain your understanding of the conventional belief that “age brings wisdom”-what

17、 are the current problems of college education? how to resolve them?-some people say there is no absolute truth because “truth” is defined by people and there is no objectivity whenever people are involved. does absolute truth exist or not ?why? 对策:1. 自我介绍（self-introduce） Good morning. I am glad to

18、be here for this interview. First let me introduce myself. My name is *, 24. I come from *,the capital of *Province. I graduated from the * department of *University in July ,2001.In the past two years I have been prepareing for the postgraduate examination while I have been teaching *in NO.*middle

19、School and I was a head-teacher of a class in junior grade two.Now all my hard work has got a result since I have a chance to be interview by you . I am open-minded ,quick in thought and very fond of history.In my spare time,I have broad interests like many other youngers.I like reading books, espec

20、ially those about *.Frequently I exchange with other people by making comments in the forum on line.In addition ,during my college years,I was once a Net-bar technician.So, I have a comparative good command of network application.I am able to operate the computer well.I am skillful in searching for

21、information in Internet.I am a football fan for years.Italian team is my favorite.Anyway,I feel great pity for our countrys team. I always believe that one will easily lag behind unless he keeps on learning .Of course, if I am given a chance to study * in this famous University,I will stare no effor

22、t to master a good command of advance *. 2.考研原因 （reasons for my choice）There are several reasons.I have been deeply impressed by the academic atmosphere when I came here last summer. In my opinion, as one of the most famous *in our country, it provide people with enough room to get further enrichmen

23、t . This is the first reason. The second one is I am long for doing research in *throughout my life. Its a pleasure to be with my favorite *for lifetime. I suppose this is the most important factor in my decision. Thirdly, I learnt a lot from my *job during the past two years. However, I think furth

24、er study is still urgent for me to realize self-value. Life is precious. It is necessary to seize any chance for self-development, especially in this competitive modern world. In a word, I am looking forward to making a solid foundation for future profession after two years study here. 3.研究生期间你的计划 （

25、plans in the postgraduate study） First, I hope I can form systematic view of *. As for *, my express wish is to get a complete comprehension of the formation and development as well as *. If possible, I will go on with my study for doctorate degree. In a word, I am looking forward to making a solid

26、foundation for future profession after two years study here. （简单了一些,望高手补充）4 .介绍你的家乡（about hometown） I am from Fuzhou, a famous city with a long history over 2,200 years. It is called “Rong Cheng ” because there were lots of banians even 900 years ago. The city lies in the eastern part of the provinc

27、e. It is the center of politics, economy and culture. Many celebrities were born here, for instance, Yanfu, Xie Bingxin, Lin Zexu and so on . . You know, there is a saying that “The greatness of a man lends a glory to a place”. I think the city really deserves it. The top three artware are Shoushan

28、Stone, cattle-horn combs and bodiless lacquerware. In addition, it is famous for the hot springs. Theyare known for high-quality. Visitors athome and abroad feel it comfortable bathing here.There is my beloved hometown. 5.你的家庭（about family） There are four members in my family; my parents, my cute ca

29、t of 9 years old andme. My father is a technician in the Fujian TV station. He often goes out on business. So most of the housework is done by my industrious mom. Climbing at weekends is our common interest. The fresh air and natural beauty can help us get rid of tiredness. They can strengthen our relation, too.During my prepareing for coming here,my parentslove and support have always been my power.and I hope in future I wil be able to repay them. 6.你的大学（abou