1、illegally adv.非法地illegal adj.违法的,非法的legal adj. (反义词)合法的impress v.使印象深刻impression n. 印象impressive adj.给人印象深刻的measure n.措施,方法,尺度 v. 测量;估量,判定measurable adj. 可度量的,明显的measured adj. 慎重的,仔细斟酌的measureless adj. 无限的,不可估量的operate vt. & vi. 经营,动手术operation n. 手术production n. 产量,生产product n.产品produce v. 生产respon
2、sibility n. 责任,职责responsible adj.负责任的absorb vt. 吸收,理解,使全神贯注 arrest vt. & n. 逮捕clap vt. & vi. 鼓掌,抬手 conflict vi. 冲突,抵触 n. 冲突,矛盾debate n. & vi. 辩论,争论,讨论 decrease vt.& vi. 减少 n. 减少drill vi. & vt. 钻(孔) n. 操练,训练 flood n.洪水,大量 vt. & vi. 泛滥,大量涌入flow vi. 流,流动 n. 流动,连贯 fuel n. 燃料 vt. & vi. 提供燃料pump vt. & vi.
3、 用泵输送,涌出 n. 泵,气筒 queue vi. 排队等候 n. 队,行列range n. 范围 vi. (在一定范围内)变化 recycle vt. & vi. 回收利用businessman n. 商界人员;企业家credit n. 赞扬,信用,学分 duty n. 责任,义务,本分汇聚名校名师,奉献精品资源,打造不一样的教育! 2goods n. 商品,货品 greedy adj 贪婪的,贪心的quantity n. 数量 raw adj.原始的,未经加工或处理的spokeswoman n.女发言人 tax n. 税,税款willing adj. 愿意的,乐意的 madam n.女士
4、,夫人customs n. 海关,关税 feather n.羽毛climate n.气候 low-carbon adj.低碳的decade n. 十年 engine n. 发动机,引擎plant n. 工厂,发电厂短语blame on将归咎于 cause/do damage to对造成危害clean up 打扫(或清除)干净 cut back on 减少,削减,缩减do ones part 尽自己的职责 let off 排放pick out 找出,挑选 queue up 排队等候result in 导致 run out(of)用完,耗尽/use up 用尽,用完set up 创建,建立,开办
5、take steps to do sth.采取措施做某事think of /see. as.把看作at the same time 同时 in particular 尤其,特别in/with regard to 关于 last but not least 最后但同样重要的under way 进行中2.识记词汇blanket n. 毯子,厚的覆盖层 bush n. 灌木crop n. 庄稼,农作物 fence n. 栅栏,篱笆,围栏oxygen n. 氧气 petrol n. 汽油pipe n. 管子,管道 seafood n. 海味,海鲜soil n. 土壤 satellite n. 人造卫星
6、typhoon n. 台风 vehicle n. 交通工具,车辆in use 在使用中 open the floor 自由发言put in danger 把置于危险中 raw materials 原材料 3upon the arrival of spring 春天一来二、句型1.it+连系动词 be+表语+that 从句【教材原句】It is clear that you are very concerned about the present situation of our environment.(P23)很显然,你们对环境的现状很担忧。2.+of+关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句及其变形
7、【教材原句】 However, I do agree that we should produce more things from materials that have been recycled, andless from raw materials, the supply of which is growing smaller and smaller.(P23)然而,我非常赞同我们应该利用回收材料制造更多的产品,减少原材料的使用,因为原材料的供应越来越紧张。3.What if 句型及其类似的句型【教材原句】What if they run out? (P25)如果它们用完了怎么办呢?4
8、. doubt+从句【教材原句】There is no doubt that the world climate has been changing in recent years.(P39)毫无疑问,世界气候在近几年发生着变化。5. “the more.the more.”句型【教材原句】Therefore, the more petrol and electricity we consume, the more carbon we are letting off.(P39)因此,我们消耗的汽油和电力越多,燃放的碳就越多。三、语法复习本单元的 Grammar and usage:现在分词。一
9、、现在分词的时态和语态现在分词的构成一般为“动词ing”,否定式在分词前加 not。现在分词有(时态)一般式和完成式及(语态)主动和被动形式的变化。时态/语态 主动形式 被动形式一般式 doing being done一般式的否定式 not doing not being done完成式 having done having been done完成式的否定式 not having done not having been done注意:如何正确理解现在分词的时态和语态1.现在分词作定语 4现在分词 与被修饰词的逻辑关系 与谓语动作的时间关系doing 主动关系 与谓语动作同时进行being d
10、one 被动关系 与谓语动作同时进行He visited the people working(=who were working) on the farm.(主动的,进行的)I want to be shown around the house being built (=which is being built) now.(被动的,进行的)2.现在分词作状语现在分词与逻辑主语(即句子的主语)的关系与谓语动作的时间关系doing(一般式)作状语 主动关系 (几乎)与谓语动作同时进行having done(完成式)作状语主动关系 先于谓语动作发生having been done(完成被动式)作
11、状语被动关系 先于谓语动作发生done(过去分词)被动关系已经在过去发生或是不十分强调时间概念Waiting (=When I was waiting) to see the doctor, I met with a friend of mine.Having (=Because we have) made full preparations, we are sure to be successful.Having been shown around(=After we had been shown) the library, we were then taken to see thelabo
12、ratory.二、现在分词的句法功能1现在分词具有形容词的特征,在句中可充当表语、定语和宾语补足语。功能 作用 例句作表语现在分词作表语说明主语的性质和特征。他们演奏的音乐听起来令人激动。The music they are playing soundsexciting.这消息鼓舞人心。The news is inspiring.作定语现在分词作定语可以放在被修饰的名词之前,称为前置定语,也可放在被修饰的名词之后,称为后置定一个睡觉的婴儿a sleeping baby现在正在建造的那座建筑是一所医院。 5语。现在分词作定语可表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态。The building being
13、built now is a hospital.作宾语补足语现在分词可以在“主语谓语宾语宾语补足语”结构中充当宾语补足语。 这种结构如使用被动语态,现在分词便是主语补足语。他看见孩子们正在院子里玩儿。He saw the children playing in the yard.有人看见他正在上楼。He was seen going upstairs.2.现在分词(短语)具有副词的特征,在句中可充当状语成分现在分词作状语,表示时间、原因、条件、结果、方式或伴随情况,一般可以转换成一个相应的状语从句。分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。如果分词的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或谓语动词动作紧接着分词发生要
14、用 doing 形式;如果分词的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前,要用 having done 形式;如果分词的动作与主语是被动关系,又表示与谓语动词动作同时发生,则要用 being done 形式。独立成分作状语不受上述所讲规则的限制:有些分词短语,其形式的选择不受上下文的影响,称作独立成分。常见的有:generally/frankly speaking 一般说来/坦白地说 judging from 根据来判断considering.考虑到 speaking of 说到;谈及talking of 说起Judging from his face, he was angry.从他的脸色看,他很生气。F
15、rankly speaking, I dont agree with you.坦白地说,我不同意你的话。现在分词在句中可以充当的状语有:(1)时间状语听到那个好消息的时候,他高兴地跳了起来。Hearing the good news(When he heard the good news), he jumped with great joy.(2)条件状语努力工作,你会成功的。Working hard(If you work hard), you will succeed.(3)原因状语由于她生病了,所以住院了。Being ill(Because she was ill), she was i
16、n hospital.(4)让步状语虽然失败了很多次,但是他没有失去信心。Having failed many times(Though he had failed many times),he didnt lose heart.(5)结果状语他的祖父去世了,留给他一大笔钱。His grandfather died, leaving him a lot of money. 6(注意:动词不定式作结果状语表示未曾料到的结果 Hearing a scream, I rushed downstairs only tosee my hostess lying unconscious on the floor. 听到叫声,我冲到楼下结果发现女主人躺在地板上失去了知觉。)(6)方式状语请用另一种方式回答这个问题。Please answer the question using another way.(7)伴随状语,此时现在分词可以转化为一个并列句Talking and laughing, the children walked one by one into the classroom.The children walked one by one into the classroom and they talked and laughed.
copyright@ 2008-2022 冰豆网网站版权所有
经营许可证编号:鄂ICP备2022015515号-1