修辞手法拟声.docx

1、修辞手法拟声5. 拟 声ONOMATOPOEIA1. 定义Onomatopoeia: The formation of words in imitation of natural sounds; the name of a thing or action by a more or less exact reproduction of the sound associated with it. ( WED ) Onomatopoeia是指模仿人、动物或事物的声响，或模仿与某动作或某运动有关的声响，借以达到语言生动形象、渲染气氛、感动读者的修辞格。凡是模仿事物或动作的声音而构成的词称为拟声词(im

2、itative words)。拟声词可以作名词、副词、动词、形容词用。大多数拟声词不仅指声音，而且指产生声音的动作。拟声词可以使语言生动、形象，情景逼真，从而使读者产生如闻其声、如临其境的感觉。拟声法不仅是一种重要的修辞方法，而且是一种构词方法，对丰富英语词库起了一定的作用。由于它的表现力和感染力很强，故在诗歌、小说等文学作品中应用很广，在论文、随笔、新闻中也屡见不鲜。2表达方式1）模仿人的声音 例如：Mm嗯、sh嘘、hey嘿、oh哦呀；ha哈、giggle格格（笑）、grumble闷声闷气地说，喃喃地说(表示抱怨牢骚)、grunt哼嗤(表示恼怒、轻蔑)、mumble咕哝地说(言语不清)、ch

3、uckle轻笑，嘿嘿自笑、whimper啜泣，呜咽、whisper耳语等。这些词模仿人的不同说话声、笑声和哭泣声，表达出人的不同感情和语义。表示人发出的不同的动作声音有：clap拍手声、patter急促的脚步声、ban碰碰敲击声、clatter嘡嘡脚步声等。 Johnhie had seen him too and ran to the gate. Then clatter, clatter up the stairs, Johnnie knocked at the door. (大学英语第一册)约翰尼也看到了他邮递员)，就向大门口跑去。然后约翰尼嚓拉嚓拉地走上楼来，敲着她的门。*句子中的两个

4、clatter生动形象地描写出了Johnnie上楼的脚步声，读者仿佛也在楼上，具有同样的感受。 Presently Ben Rogers came in sight. He was eating an apple, giving a long, melodious whoop at intervals, followed by a deep-toned ding-dong-dong, ding-dong-dong, for he was personating a steamboat. ( Mark Twain: The Glorious Whitewasher )忽然Ben Rogers从远

5、处走来，他一边啃着大苹果，一边不时地发出阵阵悦耳的嘟嘟声,接着他模仿着轮船低沉的笛声，叮当当，叮当当走了过来。*文中三处拟声词生动逼真地刻画出了Ben Roger的天真、括泼、可爱的形象。 There she sat listening to the chatter and comment about her. ( Carrie Sister )她坐在那儿，听他们对她评头评足；呱拉呱拉地咬舌头。 “What be ye looking at?” asked a man who had not observed the incident. “Ho-ho-ho!” laughed dark Car

6、. “Hee-hee-hee!” laughed the tippling bride, as she steadied herself on the arm of her fond husband. “Heu-heu-heu!” laughed dark Cars mother, stroking her moustache as she explained laconically. “Out of the frying-pan into the fire.” ( Thomas Hardy: Tess of the Durbervilles ) “你们在看什么呀?”有一个男人注意到了这个动作

7、。 “嗬嗬嗬!”黝黑的卡尔笑了。 “嘻嘻嘻!”歪歪倒倒的新娘子也笑了，一把抓住她深情的丈夫的手臂稳住自己。 “咻咻咻!”卡尔的母亲也笑了，一面抹着上唇的胡髭，一面简明扼要地下了注脚，“才出了煎锅，又掉进大火!” *该例引自哈代小说德伯维尔家的苔丝：苔丝与乡亲去镇上娱乐，深夜回家途中不慎得罪了几个酗酒放荡的女人，遭到她们的嘲笑与欺负，只得接受别有用心的富家公子德伯维尔的帮助，骑上马随他离群而去。作者用三个拟声词描写三个不同女人的嘻笑，绘声绘色，妙不可言。 I chatter over stony ways, In little sharps and trebles, I bubble into

8、eddying bays, I babble on the pebbles. ( Alfred Tennyson: The Brook ) 我在石路上潺潺而谈， 唱出高音串串， 我注入湾里的涡旋， 弹响卵石的琴弦。 *诗人采取拟声与拟人并用的修辞手法，使诗句生动形象，妙趣横生。2）模仿动物的声音 这类动词或名词较多，常见的有狗叫声yap, bark, howl; 马的嘶鸣声neigh, whinnies; 母牛的哞叫声moo，boo; 公牛的吼叫声bellow; 狮子的吼声roar; 虎啸声growl; 驴叫声bray; 猪叫声grunt; 猫叫声mew; 鸭子呱呱叫quack; 喜鹊的喳喳声

9、chatter; 鸽子的咕咕声Coo; 布谷鸟的布谷声cuckoo; 青蛙的蛙叫声croak; 蜜蜂的飞鸣声hum; 蛇的嘶嘶声hiss等。Apes gibber. 猿吱吱声。 Asses bray (heehaw). 驴叫。 Cocks crow (cock-a-doodle-doo). 雄鸡喔喔啼。 Chickens cheep. 小鸡叽叽叫。 Elephants trumpet. 象吼叫。 Wolves howl. 狼嗥叫。All was quiet again in Han Mansion except for some people snoring, the horse chewin

10、g mash, and the geese crackling at intervals. 暴风骤雨韩家大院的屋里屋外都静悄悄的。光听见人的鼾息和马嚼草料的声音，此外还有几声鹅叫声。The moment the hawker rushed in, the white geese set up an excited quacking, to be joined by hens chucking, dog barking. 暴风骤雨叫卖的小贩一跑进去，鹅都嘎嘎地高声大叫起来，随着鸡也叫，狗也叫。*句子中一连用了hawker, quacking, chucking和barking四个拟声词，勾画出了

11、人、禽和狗齐鸣的热闹场面。The moan of doves in immemorial elms,And murmuring of innumerable bees.鸽子在古老的榆林中呻吟，成群的蜜蜂在低声飞鸣。Bow-wow, says the dog,Mew, mew, says the cat,Grunt, grunt says the hag,And squeak goes the bat.Tu-whu, says the owl,Caw, caw, says the crow,Quack, quack, says the duck,And what cuckoos says you

12、 know. 狗儿汪汪咬，猫儿咪咪叫，猪凡呼噜噜， 蝙蝠唧唧叫。嗬嗬猫头鹰；哇哇鸟雅鸣， 嘎嘎鸭子声，你知道布谷鸟啥叫声。 *这首儿歌把各种动物的叫声描写得生动形象，朗朗上口。英语中的拟声词有些比较逼真，有些不够逼真，而汉语中的拟声词都十分逼真形象。 3）模仿金属器械等发出的声音的拟声词 bang (枪等) 砰声；boom (大炮等的)轰隆声；pop (枪等)砰声；rattle (窗等的)嘎嘎声；rumble (风、雷、炮、车辆等的)轰隆声；clink (金属、玻璃等的)叮当声；clank (铁链、刀枪等的)叮当声；clack (刀叉、碗碟、机器等的)铿锵声；click (剪刀、门、按钮等的)

13、咔嚓声；tinkle (铃等的)叮当声；ding-dong丁当声；toot (火车、汽车、轮船等汽笛声)嘟嘟声；ticktack (钟、表等发出的)滴嗒声；ticktock(有摆锤的大钟的)滴嗒声；clash (刀、剑、钹撞击时的)铿锵声；clang (敲金属时的)当啷声；等。 As you approach it, a tinkling and banging and clashing begins to impringe on your ear.你一走近这里，叮叮当当、乒乒乓乓、噹噹啷啷的敲打声和铜器的撞击声就开始传进你的耳鼓。*文中三个拟声词把铜匠的工作勾画得淋漓尽致，简练而又生动形象。

14、Ancient girders creak and groan, with the squeaking and rumbling of the grinding wheels, and the occasional grunts, and sight of the camels. 古老的大梁发出吱吱嘎嘎声，还有磨轮的轧轧咕噜声，骆驼偶尔发出的呼噜叹息声，响成一片。*廖廖数语，用了几个拟声词就把原始的榨油作坊的榨油景象写得栩栩如生。 The night shift had already begun and the air was vibrating with the hum and clatt

15、er of machinery. 夜班已经上工，空中荡漾着机器开动的嘈杂响声。While Miss Martha was reaching for bread there was a great tooting and clanging, and a fire engine came rumbling. Martha小姐去拿面包时，突然听到一声巨大的嘟嘟声和噹噹声，接着就听到一辆救火车隆隆地开过来。 The ticking of the clock was the only sound that greeted him, for not a soul remained. ( Thomas Ha

16、rdy:The Return of the Native ) 迎接他的只有滴答的钟声，因为再也没有一个人留下了。4）模拟自然界的各种声音 自然界从春到冬，气象万千，变化多端，人们可以听到淙淙的流水声babble, murmur; 波浪的汩汩声swish; 微风的沙沙声whisper; 强风的嗖嗖声whirl; 暴风的怒吼声roar; 下雨的滴嗒声spatter; 震耳欲聋的雷鸣声crack，rumble等。模仿水等液体声音的拟声词有：splash水的溅泼声；bubble发出的气泡声；hiss沸水发出的嘶嘶声；sizzle (油炸食物时)发出的丝丝声；drip-drip滴滴嗒嗒声等。The ice was here, the ic