大学物理学习大纲指导Guidelines for the study of University PhysicsWord文档下载推荐.docx

1、This chapter exercises generally divided into two categories: the first category is the equation of motion of known particle, using differential method for various physical quantities （velocity and acceleration）; the second is known and the initial conditions for the velocity and acceleration equati

2、ons of motion by using integral method. The second kind of problem and how to use the velocity synthesis theorem to deal with the vector and relativity of motion is the difficult point in this chapter.The general solving order of particle kinematics problem is:A. the clear meaning, determine the obj

3、ect of study, analysis of movement of objects.B. establishes the proper coordinate system.C. is formulated and solved according to the definition of the physical quantity to be determined. Or according to the characteristics of the movement and the problem setting condition, the equations are solved

4、.D. when necessary, analyze and discuss.The second chapter is Newtonian equation of motionGrasp Newtons three law and applicable conditions, master the use of calculus method to solve one-dimensional variable force under the dynamics of particles.1, the concept of mass and force, and the three commo

5、n forces in mechanics - the characteristics of gravity, elasticity and friction.2 、 Newtons law of motion and its applicable conditions.3, practice the isolation method to analyze the force of the object, correctly list the force equation of the object, and solve the simple particle dynamics problem

6、.（1） force analysis of an objectThe steps of drawing objects:A. isolates the subjects and draws known forces;B. draws gravity;C. examines and draws the elastic forces and friction forces of the object in contact with the surrounding object.D. should be noted: each draw force must be able to find the

7、 force of the force application object.（two） the application of Newtons law of motionNewtons laws of motion mainly deal with two kinds of problems:1, 1, known motion for force, that is known to the object of motion phenomena or laws （movement equation r = R （T）, the external force acting on the obje

8、ct. Generally can be obtained after the first force.2, 2, known to force motion, acceleration, velocity and motion equations for object, the integral method is available.The order of solution by applying Newtons laws of motion:A. the clear meaning, the selected object;B. stress analysis, painting fo

9、rce diagram;C. builds coordinates and lists equations;D. solving equations, analysis and discussion.If there are several objects connected with each other, auxiliary equations are listed according to the setting conditions, geometric relations or relative accelerations.The third chapter is the law o

10、f conservation of motionMaster the work force concept, calculation of variable force power; grasp the concept characteristics and energy conservative force work, power system and calculation of gravity, elastic force, gravitational potential energy; grasp force time concept - momentum, understand th

11、e motion of a particle plane angular movement law and angular momentum conservation. Grasp the conservation of momentum of a particle and the law of conservation of mechanical energy.Grasp the basic concepts of complete elastic collision and imperfect elastic collision, and the practical application

12、 of collision problem.1, solve the problem of variable work;2 、 skillfully apply functional relationship to solve some practical simple problems.3. Apply the principle of momentum and the law of conservation of momentum.（1） the steps of calculating the work done by a change of work;A. the clear mean

13、ing, determine the object of study;B. draws the force diagram of the object in any position in the course of force;C. writes the functional relationship of the force change with position;D. takes a displacement element DS at any position during the course of the work, and writes the expression of th

14、e workE. according to the definition of the work, and is determined after the integral upper and lower limit calculation.（two） the steps of applying kinetic energy theorem to solve problemsA. the clear meaning, clear process, determine the object;B. analyzes the force of the object in any position d

15、uring the external force, and draws the force diagram;C. determines the speed of an object in the course of an external force;D. according to the kinetic energy theorem, the equations are formulated and solved.（three） application of functional principles to solve the problem:A. the clear meaning, cl

16、ear process, determine the research object （system）;B. analyzes the force of the system and draws out external forces and non conservative internal forces;C. specifies the position of zero potential energy,Determine the kinetic energy and potential energy of the whole state of the system;D. accordin

17、g to the functional principle, the column equations are solved.（four） applying the law of conservation of mechanical energy to solve the problem:The order of the solution of the law of conservation of mechanical energy is basically the same as that of the function principle, but the application cond

18、ition of the law must be paid attention to whether the condition is satisfied or not. The conditions include three situations: （1） in the state of the system in the process of change, there is no external and non conservative internal force; （2） although the external and internal forces of non conse

19、rvative, but not work; （3） and non conservative internal force are for power, but in any displacement element, they are and the work is always zero.（five） application steps of momentum principle:A. the clear meaning, according to the problem of convenient requirements and calculation, to determine t

20、he object of study;B. conducted a force analysis of the subjects and painted a defensive plot;C. the speed at which an object passes through a state in the act of force;D. establish coordinate system, according to momentum principle, vertical equation is solved.（six） application of the law of conser

21、vation of momentum:The order of solution of momentum conservation law is similar to that of momentum principle, but attention should be paid to it:The choice of A. system, distinguish the internal force and external force of the system;The conditions of B.s law of conservation of momentum, but somet

22、imes in a very short time, the external forces of the system are much smaller than the internal forces in the system interaction, and the external forces are negligible. At this point, the system is still treated as momentum conservation. In practical problems, but the component in one direction is

23、zero. In this case, the total momentum is conserved in that direction.The fourth chapter is rigid body motionUnderstand the general characteristics of the motion of rigid body, master of the analytical method of the rotation shaft; grasp the concept of rigid body torque; understand the concept of mo

24、ment of inertia of rigid body; understand the rotating law, fixed axis theorem of kinetic energy of rotation; rotation of the angular momentum conservation law.1, the application of fixed axis rotation theorem;2. The application of angular momentum theorem and conservation theorem of angular momentu

25、m.（1） the solving steps of the rotation theorem:A. analyzes the force of the object and draws the force diagram;B. the clear meaning, research object;C. translational objects are listed according to Newtons law. The rotation of the fixed axis is followed by the rotation theorem;D. according to the l

26、ine quantity and angle relation, the corresponding equations are listed and solved.（two） the principle of angular momentum and the solution of the conservation theorem of angular momentum:A. the clear meaning, research object;B. analyzes the force of the object and draws the force diagram;C. analyze

27、s the whole state of the subject;D. lists the corresponding equation and solve the problem according to the.The fifth chapter, special theory of relativityTo understand the two basic assumptions of the theory of relativity; understand the mathematical basis of the theory of relativity （Lorentz transformation）; understanding the kinematics of rapidly moving objects in special relativity and dynamic basic content; understanding relativity of new space-time relativity is at the same time, length contraction and expansion of the concept of time, and the difference with the class