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翻译训练答案解析Word文档格式.docx

1、而定语从句中的that需要在从句中充当一定的句子成分。8. the house where Lu Xun was born (考点:先行词为地点,定语从句通常由where引导) 9. on the day when his son arrived (考点:先行词为时间,定语从句通常由when引导) 10. the reason why I am in favor of this reform (考点:先行词为reason,定语从句通常由why引导) 11. which made our journey more difficult (考点:非限制性定语从句) 12. most of whom

2、were English majors (考点:考查whom引导的非限定性定语从句。在非限定性定语从句中,which和whom通常可与of或其他介词连用。13. As is known to all as 引导的定语从句) It is well known that. 二、虚拟语气 1. I had had your opportunities when I was young 本题考查wish后的虚拟语气。wish通常表示没有实现或不可能实现的愿望。其后接that从句时,从句要使用过去时。在本句中,“我年轻的时候”表示从句的谓语动词是发生在过去,所以这里是表示对过去无法实现的愿望的一种虚拟,

3、因此应该用过去完成时。表示现在无法实现的愿望时,that从句应使用一般过去时;表示将来无法实现的愿望时,应使用过去将来时。)2. he had known this disease is curable 本题考查if only后的虚拟语气。if only引导的感叹句表示“但愿”,“要是就好了”。通常使用虚拟语气,用法与wish相同。注意不要将if only与only if混淆。only if“只要,只有”,引导条件状语从句。3. painted it blue, and without any decorations 本题考查would rather后接从句中使用的虚拟语气。would rat

4、her+从句时,是一个常用的虚拟语气句型,谓语一般用过去时表示现在或将来,意为“宁愿,还是好些”。引导从句的that常省略。在谈到过去的动作时,谓语则用过去完成时。另外,would rather还常用于would rather than“宁愿做什么,而不愿做什么”。4. measures were taken to solve the problem of traffic jams 本题考查Its (about/ high) time后的从句中的虚拟语气。Its (about/high) time + that从句,表示“该是的时候了”从句通常使用一般过去时。5. as though he w

5、ere delivering a speech at an assembly 本题考查as if/ as though引导的从句中的虚拟语气。as if/ as though表示“好像,仿佛”,后面的从句中使用虚拟语气。本句是对现在事实的虚拟,所以应用一般过去时。6. Jack (should) be sent to hospital right now本题考查insist后接从句中的虚拟语气。在英语中,表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的动词后的从句中谓语动词常用should + do的形式,其中should常省略。类似这样的词还有表示要求的ask, desire, request, deman

6、d, require, beg;表示“提议、劝告、建议”的propose, suggest, recommend, advise;表示“决定、命令”的decide, order;表示“主张”的maintain, urge。7. the mid-term exams (should) be canceled 表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的名词所接的同位语从句通常用“(that) sb. (should) do”的虚拟形式。表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的动词及其名词常见的有:advise (advice), agree (agreement), decide (decision), decre

7、e, demand, determine (determination), grant, indicate (indication), insist (insistence), order, prefer (preference), propose (proposal), request, require (requirement), resolve (resolution), stipulate (stipulation), suggest(suggestion), urge, vote;常见的这类动词还有:allow, arrange, ask, beg, concede, demonst

8、rate, ensure, intend, move, pledge, pray等)8. we (should) be short of water in a country where it is always raining 在It is/was +形容词后的that从句中常用“sb. should do”的形式表示建议惊奇等。这类形容词常见的有:advisable, anxious, appropriate, compulsory, crucial, desirable, eager, essential, fitting, imperative, important, impossib

9、le, improper, natural, necessary, obligatory, preferable, proper, urgent, vital, willing等) 9. If he had booked tickets in the way I told him 在非真实条件句中用过去完成式表示与过去的事实相反) 10. if I had not been interrupted考查if引导的虚拟条件句。was和“要不是”提示,本句内容与过去事实相反,if引导与过去事实相反的虚拟语气中,主句谓语用would have +动词过去分词,从句谓语应用过去完成时。“我的话”是被打断

10、的,要用被动语态。11. he would be dead now 考查if引导的错综时间虚拟条件句。有些条件句主句谓语和从句谓语表示的动作在时间上不一致,这类句子叫做错综时间条件句。本句从句中的动作表示过去,但主句表达的是“现在”的意思,所以主句谓语应该是would+动词原形。12. we could not have rent a house at such a low price but for经常作为非真实条件句中if的代用语) 13. otherwise, it would have taken me more time to work out this question other

11、wise也经常作为非真实条件句中if的代用语) 14. I would seize the opportunity without hesitation在非真实条件句中如果有were, had, should这三个词,可以省去if,采用主谓语倒装的形式来表示条件) 15. this act would have been passed much earlier 考查虚拟语气条件句的倒装。本句从句相当于if it had not been for their opposition,从句为过去完成时,故主句应用would have +动词过去分词形式。16. lest he should awak

12、en the baby lest (以免)引导的从句通常用sb. should do的形式表示虚拟) 三、倒装句 1. had she fallen asleepHardlywhen结构) 2. had Mary arrivedNo soonerthan结构) 3. Nor did the wife say a word of welcome. nor表示“后者与前者一样地不”) 4. did the doctor realize that his patient needed surgery only引导的状语位于句首,句子倒装) 5. can we conclude the busines

13、s 考查only when引导的倒装结构。四、被动语态 1. is being replaced by the computer 本题考查被动语态的现在进行时。句中的“正在”和“被”提示,此处应用被动语态的现在进行时,即系动词+being done by的形式。2. can be used to demonstrate the way that cells work 本题考查被动语态。所给汉语部分没有“被”等表示被动语态的标志词,但主语computer models与“用来”之间在语义上存在被动关系,所以此处也应该使用被动语态。“可以”在此处可以使用情态动词can。3. Effective m

14、easures must be taken immediately本题考查无主句中的语态。无主句是指没有主语的句子,这种句子的作用在于描述动作、变化等情况,而不强调“谁”或“什么”进行这一动作或发生这个变化。在本句中“谁”采取有效措施并不是重点,所以此处应使用被动语态,强调“有效措施”。五、时态 1. the children had fallen asleep 本题考查过去完成时。在本句中主句的动作“睡着”发生在从句的动作“got”之前,所以应用过去完成时。2. have been revising my resume all the morning本题考查现在完成进行时。现在完成进行时通常

15、表示从过去某个时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作,并且还将持续下去。在本句中“修改”这一动作从过去一直持续到现在,所以此处应用现在完成进行时。3. No. It has been five years since I went on holiday 本题考查常用表达。英语中通常使用It has been +一段时间+since sb. did sth. 表示某人有多长时间没有做某事。4. He has been in the army for 5 years本题考查现在完成时。句中“参军”这个动词持续了五年时间,所以此处应用现在完成时。句中的“五年”表示一段时间,所以谓语动词应用持续性动词be in

16、 the army,而不应使用join the army。考生应该注意终止性动词不能与表示一段时间的词连用。六、比较级1. as gracefully as her sister 同级比较) 2. far uglier in London than here 用副词或词组来修饰比较级) 3. one of the best pictures that he has ever painted 最高级) 4. the thinner the air becomes“越越”结构) 七、分词 1. “Happy birthday to you” sung in Italian分词作宾语补语。catch

17、, discover, feel, find, get, have, hear, keep, leave, make, notice, see, watch等动词常用分词形式作宾语补语) 2. parked in the fire lane 分词作定语) 3. killing thousands upon thousands of people 分词作结果状语) 4. Seeing that everyone was bending over his/her book 分词作原因状语) 5. Deeply moved by the boys deeds考查过去分词作原因状语。主句中的“they

18、”是被“打动”。6. Not having heard from his parents for a long time 1. 分词作原因状语;2.分词的否定形式;3.现在分词的完成式) 八、动名词 1. Taking a cold bath every day 动名词作主语) 2. making their daughter do what she didnt like to do 动名词作动词的宾语。下列动词后的宾语只能是动名词而不能是不定式:admit, advise, allow, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, delay, deny, dislike,

19、 dread, encourage, enjoy, escape, excuse, fancy, finish, cant help, imagine, keep, mind, miss, permit, postpone, practice, prevent, propose, recall, recollect, resent, resist, risk, cant stand, stop, suggest) 3. getting our goods into the international market 动名词作介词的宾语) 4. crying over spilled milk 动

20、名词用于固定结构。动名词经常与以下词组连用:be worth, have difficulty (in), it be no good/use/worthwhile, there be no need/no point in, how/what about, whats the point of, whats the use of) 5. having peeked at his neighbors test paper (考点:动名词的完成式) 6. being promoted to manager (考点:动名词的被动式) 九、不定式 1. for us to have a good n

21、ights sleep before the test 有时用“介词for + 代词/名词”来表示不定式的逻辑主语,这时整句的谓语描述的对象是事情,这种情况下谓语中常用的形容词有:necessary, important, possible, impossible, all right, essential等) 2. of you to donate so much money to the people in the disaster area 有时用“介词of + 代词/名词”来表示不定式的逻辑主语,这时整句的谓语描述的对象是人,这种情况下谓语中常用的形容词有:absurd, bold,

22、brave, careful, careless, cowardly, cruel, foolish, generous, good, honest, kind, nice, polite, rude, selfish, silly, stupid, thoughtful, thoughtless, wicked, wise, wrong等) 3. not to punish those students who had been late for class 1. 用不定式结构作decide的宾语;2.不定式的否定形式是在to前加not) (能带不定式作宾语的动词常见的有:afford, a

23、gree, ask, attempt, beg, begin, bother, care, choose, claim, consent, decide, demand, desire, dislike, endeavor, expect, fail, fear, forget, happen, hate, help, hesitate, hope, intend, learn, like, love, manage, mean, neglect, offer, plan, pledge, prefer, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, remember,

24、 resolve, start, threaten, undertake, venture, volunteer, vow, want, wish) 4. whether to visit their son in France “疑问词+不定式”作动词wonder的宾语。能以这种结构作宾语的动词通常有ask, consider, decide, discover, explain, forget, guess, know, learn, observe, remember, see, tell, understand, wonder等) 5. invited him to give us a

25、 lecture on modern art (考点:同上) (能带不定式结构作宾语补语的动词有advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, challenge, command, compel, enable, determine, encourage, expect, feel, find, force, get, hate, have, hear, help, inform invite, let, like, make, mean, need, notice, notify, oblige, order, permit, persuade, remind, reque

26、st, require, see, send, teach, tell, tempt, trouble, urge, want, warn, watch, wish等。6. to be the chairman of students union in so large a university 动词 + it + 形容词/名词 + 不定式。it是形式宾语,不定式是真正宾语) 7. to apply what we have learned in class to practice (考点:不定式作定语) (不定式常用作以下名词/代词的定语:ability, ambition, anythin

27、g, attempt, capability, chance, curiosity, desire, decision, determination, effort, failure, intention, need, nothing, opportunity, place, plan, promise, reason, right, something, tendency, time, way, wish等) 8. American woman to explore the outer space 由only, last, next,序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式作定语) 9. t

28、o meet a high school classmate in the mountain village (考点:不定式作原因状语) 10. to wipe our feet on the mat before going into the room 当动词see, make, hear等用于被动语态时,不定式要保留to) 十、情态动词 1. something must be wrong(考点:情态动词。表示对现在发生事情的推测,而情态动词中表示肯定意义的词为must。如果用there be句型,则应为there must be something wrong with而题目本身给出了s

29、omething, 则省去there be, 用something must be wrong with结构。2. couldnt have received my message(考点:情态动词表推测。表示对过去发生的某件事的否定性推测用couldnt have done结构,表示“不可能”。3. should be able to see(考点:should在此意为“应该”。 )十一、介词 1. Despite/In spite of years of farm production troubles(考点:表示让步的介词。2. Apart from the cost(考点:表示例外和附加的介词。3. for fear of missing the train(考点:表示原因的介词。翻译训练补充练习一1. but there is no answer. She cant be at home 情态动词可表示可能性,cant 表示“一定不”) 2. more mobile shops (should) be set up in the residential

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