初中英语时态与语态Word下载.docx

1、Action speaks louder than words. 二、 一般过去时：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week,last（year, night, month）, in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc. be动词；行为动词 的过去式 was/were+not;在行为动词前加didnwas或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did

2、 提问，同时还原行为动词。She often came to help us in those days. I didnt know you were so busy. 三、 现在进行时：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。now, at this time, these days, etc. am/is/are+doing am/is/are+not+doing. 把be动词放于句首。 How are you feeling today?He is doing well in his lessons. 四、 过去进行时：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。at this

3、 time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。was/were+doing was/were + not + doing. 把was或were放于句首。At that time she was working in a PLA unit. When he came in, I was reading a newspaper. 五、 现在完成时：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。recently, lately, sincefor,in the past few years,

4、etc. have/has + done have/has + not +done. have或has。Ive written an article. The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years. 六、 过去完成时：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。before, by the end of last year（term, month）,etc. had + done. had + not + done. had放于句首。As soon as we got to t

5、he station, the train had left. By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books 七、 一般将来时：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。tomorrow, next day（week, month, year）,soon, in a few minutes, by,the day after tomorrow, etc. am/is/are/going to + do；will/shall + do. was/were + not; 在行为动词前加didnbe放于句首；will/shal

6、l提到句首。They are going to have a competition with us in studies. It is going to rain. 八、 过去将来时：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。the next day（morning, year）,the following month（week）,etc. was/were/going to + do；would/should + do. was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do. would/should 提到句首。He said

7、he would go to Beijing the next day. I asked who was going there . 九.将来完成时：在将来某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态 by the time of;by the end of+时间短语（将来）;by the time+从句（将来） be going to/will/shall + have done 十.现在完成进行时:在过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态一直持续到说话为止 2.基本结构：have/has +been+doing 几种常见时态的相互转换 英语中的几种时态在一定情况下可以互相转换，以下是几种常见的转换形式：十一、

8、一般过去时与现在完成时的转换 在现在完成时中，延续性动词能与表示一段时间的状语连用，瞬间动词却不能。但是，可用别的表达方式：瞬间动词用于“一段时间 + ago”的一般过去时的句型中；瞬间动词可改成与之相对应的延续性动词及短语，与一段时间连用；瞬间动词用于“It is + 一段时间 + since + 一般过去时”的句型中，表示“自从以来有时间”的意思，主句一般用it is来代替It has been;瞬间动词用于“Some time has passed since + 一般过去时”的句型中。请看：A. He joined the League two years ago. B. He has

9、 been in the League for two years. C. It is two years since he joined the League. D. Two years has passed since he joined the League. 十二、 一般现在时与现在进行时的转换 在一般现在时中，at加上名词表示“处于某种状态”，如at work（在工作）, at school（上学、上课）等。此短语可与进行时态转换。Peter is at work, but Mike is at play. Peter is working, but Mike is playing.

10、 十三、 现在进行时与一般将来时的转换 在现在进行时态中go, come, leave, start, arrive等动词常与表示将来的时间状语连用表示将要发生的动作。如：I am coming, Mum! 意为“我就来，妈妈！”请看：The train is leaving soon. The train will leave soon. 常用语态Simple Present Simple Past Simple Future I study English everyday. Two years ago, I studied English in America If you are ha

11、ving problems, I will help you study English. Im going to study English next year. Present Continuous Past Continuous Future Continuous I am studying English now. I was studyingEnglish when you called yeaterday. I will be studying english when you arrive tonight. Im going to be studying English when

12、 you arrive tonight. Present Perfect Past Perfect Future Perfect I have studied English in several different countries. I had studied a little English before I moved to the U.S. I will have studied every tense by the time I finish this course. Im going to have studied every tense by the time I finis

13、h this course. Present Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous Future Perfect Continuous I have been studying English for ten years. I had been studying English for ten years before I moved to the U.S. I will have been studying English for over three hours by the time you arrive. Im going to have

14、 been studying English for over three hours by the time you arrive. 英语共有十六种时态，其表现形式如下（以study为例）一般时 进行时 完成时 完成进行时 现在 study be studying have studied have been studying过去 studied had studied had been studying将来 will study wil be studying will have studied will have been studying过去将来would study would be

15、 studying would have studied would have been studying时态（Tense）是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。1. 一般现在时一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、过去将来时，以及这四者的进行时、完成时和完成进行时。用法：A） 表示现在发生的动作、情况、状态和特征。 B） 习惯用语。 C） 经常性、习惯性动作。例：He always helps others. （他总是帮助别人。） D） 客观事实和普遍真理。尤其要注意，如果前后文不是一般现在时，则无法保持 主句、从句时态一致 E） 表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作，（仅限于某些表示

16、“来、去、动、停、开始、结束、继续”等的动词）可以与表示未来时间的状语搭配使用。常见的用法是：飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通方式。The next train leaves at 3 oclock this afternoon.（下一趟火车今天下午3点开车。How often does this shuttle bus run? （这班车多久一趟？ F） 在时间和条件状语从句里经常用一般现在（有时也用现在完成时）表示将来事情。When you have finished the report, I will have waited for about 3 hours.（等你完成这份

17、报告的时候，我就已经等了将近3个小时了。2. 现在进行时（be doing）现在正在进行的动作。3. 现在完成时（have done）A） 表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成。I bought a new house, but I _ my old one yet, so at the moment I have two houses.A） didnt sell B） sold C） havent sold D） would sell答案是C） havent sold。B） 表示从过去某时刻开始，持续到现在的动作或情况，并且有可能会继续延续下去。此时经常用延续性动词。时间状语常用since加

18、一个过去的时间点，或for加一段时间，或by加一个现在时间。Great as Newton was, many of his ideas _ today andare being modified by the work of scientists of our time.A） are to challenge C） have been challengedB） may be challenged D） are challenging全句的意思是：“虽然牛顿是个伟大的人物，但他的许多见解直到今天还在受到挑战，并且被现代科学家的工作所修正。”challenge是及物动词，在本句中应当是被动语态；

19、其动作延续到今天，所以要用现在完成时态。可见答案是C） have been challenged。A） are to challenge和D） are challenging都是主动语态，不可能是答案。B） may be challenged虽然是被动语态，但意思与全句内容不合，所以不对。C） 表示发生在过去，但对现在仍有影响的动作或情况。通常用点动词，如：arrive, begin, find, give, lose等。John has broken his left leg.（约翰摔断了左腿。注意事项：A） 现在完成时是联系过去和现在的纽带。现在完成时和过去时的区别在于：现在完成时强调动作

20、的动态，或受动态的影响，是动态的结果，对现在有影响；过去时只表示过去的某个具体时间里发生的动作，与现在没有联系。He worked in that hospital for 8 years.（他曾经在那家医院工作了8年。这只是讲述一个过去的事实，他现在已经不在那家医院了。He has worked in that hospital for 8 years.（他已经在那家医院里工作了8年。表示他从过去开始工作，一直工作到现在，现在仍在那家医院工作。 B） 因为含有for加一段时间或since加一个时间点这样的时间状语的完成时，有动态和延续性的特点，所以不能使用终端动词或瞬间动词。My siste

21、r has been married for 5 years.（过去分词做表语表示状态，可以延续）My sister has married. Dont disturb her.（终端动词） C） 在this is the first/ second/ third time that句型里要求用完成时。This is the second time that the products of our company have been shown in the International Exhibition.（这是我公司产品第二次参加国际展览会。 D） 句型It is/ has beensin

22、ce所使用的两种时态都正确。It is/ has been 10 years since I last saw him.（从我上次见到他以来已经10年了。 E） 在no sooner than、hardly/ scarcely whenbeforeprior to等句型中，主句要求完成时。I havent met that professor prior to today.（以前我从未见过那位教授。4. 现在完成进行时（have been doing）表示某一动作开始于过去某一时间，延续或重复地出现至今，或将继续延续至将来。We have been working on this projec

23、t for over a month now.（到目前为止，我们一直在处理那个项目，已经花了一个多月时间了。与现在完成时相比，现在完成进行时更强调：在从过去到现在的时间里，动作或状态一直持续或一直反复出现。It seems oil _ from this pipe for some time. Well have to take the machine apart to put it right.A） had leaked B） is leakingC） leaked D） has been leaking从本题上下文看，这两个句子的意思是：“看来，这个管道漏油已有一段时间了，我们将不得不拆卸

24、机器排除故障。”第二句表示将要采取的措施。第一句动作发生在第二句之前，并且延续到现在为止仍在继续。因此，空格中需用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。D） has been leaking是现在完成进行时，因此是本题的答案。有11%的考生误选了B） is leaking。由于本句有时间状语for some time，表示谓语动作延续，谓语不能用现在进行时，必须用和完成时有关的时态。有些考生误选了C） leaked或A） had leaked。是因为他们没有注意到本题第二句是一般将来时，所以第一句的谓语不能用过去时或过去完成时。5. 一般过去时A） 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况。 B） 表示过去习惯

25、性动作。特别是由would/ used to do表达的句型，本身表示的 就是过去时。The old man would sit on a bench in the quiet park and look at others for hours without doing anything or talking to anybody.（老人过去常常坐在宁静的公园里的一条长椅上，看着其他的人，一坐就是数个小时，什么也不干，也不和任何人交谈。He used to visit his mother once a week.（他以前总是每周看望一次他的母亲。 C） 有时可代替一般现在时，表达一种婉转、

26、客气、礼貌、商量的语气。I wanted to ask you if I could borrow your car?（我想向您借车用一用，可以吗？Would you mind my sitting here?（您介意我坐在这里吗？A） 注意时间状语的搭配。一般过去时的时间状语应该是表示过去某个时间的词或词组，如：yesterday, last month, in 1999, two days ago等，绝对不可与recently, in the past 10 years, this month等连用，因为这样的时间状语都与现在有关系，应该用现在完成时或一般现在时。 B） used to d

27、o的否定形式和疑问形式很特别：你怎么写都正确。以否定形式为例：used not to do, didnt used to do, didnt use to do都对。Used to do经常与 be used to doing sth/ sth结构进行对比。前者表示过去常常或过去曾经，要求加动词原形；后者表示习惯于，要求加名词或动名词。6. 过去完成时（had done）表示在过去的某个时间或动作以前已经发生的动作或已经存在的状态。就是我们常说的：表示过去的过去的动作或状态Until then, his family _ from him for six months.t hear C） hasnt heard B） hasn